{
  "id": "gita/18.28",
  "url": "https://vedyatra.org/verses/gita/18.28/",
  "work": {
    "key": "gita",
    "title": "Bhagavad Gītā"
  },
  "ref": "18.28",
  "speaker": "Śrī Kṛṣṇa to Arjuna",
  "sanskrit": {
    "text": "अयुक्तः प्राकृतः स्तब्धः शठो नैष्कृतिकोऽलसः ।\nविषादी दीर्घसूत्री च कर्ता तामस उच्यते ॥ १८.२८ ॥",
    "script": "Deva",
    "accented": false
  },
  "transliteration": {
    "text": "ayuktaḥ prākṛtaḥ stabdhaḥ śaṭho naiṣkṛtiko'lasaḥ |\nviṣādī dīrghasūtrī ca kartā tāmasa ucyate ||",
    "scheme": "IAST"
  },
  "words": [
    {
      "word": "ayuktaḥ",
      "meaning": "undisciplined",
      "lang": "en"
    },
    {
      "word": "prākṛtaḥ",
      "meaning": "vulgar, uncultured",
      "lang": "en"
    },
    {
      "word": "stabdhaḥ",
      "meaning": "obstinate",
      "lang": "en"
    },
    {
      "word": "śaṭhaḥ",
      "meaning": "deceitful",
      "lang": "en"
    },
    {
      "word": "naiṣkṛtikaḥ",
      "meaning": "malicious",
      "lang": "en"
    },
    {
      "word": "alasaḥ",
      "meaning": "lazy",
      "lang": "en"
    },
    {
      "word": "viṣādī",
      "meaning": "despondent",
      "lang": "en"
    },
    {
      "word": "dīrgha-sūtrī",
      "meaning": "procrastinating",
      "lang": "en"
    },
    {
      "word": "kartā tāmasaḥ ucyate",
      "meaning": "the doer is called tāmasic",
      "lang": "en"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "lang": "hi",
      "text": "जो कर्ता अयुक्त, असंस्कृत, अकड़ वाला, धूर्त, दूसरों का अहित करने वाला, आलसी, विषादग्रस्त और दीर्घसूत्री है, वह तामस कहलाता है।",
      "translator": "Vedyatra AI draft",
      "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
      "status": "machine",
      "statusLabel": "Machine draft"
    },
    {
      "lang": "ta",
      "text": "ஒழுக்கமற்றவனும், பண்பற்றவனும், பிடிவாதக்காரனும், வஞ்சகனும், பிறருக்குத் தீங்கு நினைப்பவனும், சோம்பேறியும், மனச்சோர்வுள்ளவனும், காலம் தாழ்த்துபவனுமான செய்பவன் தாமஸன் எனப்படுகிறான்.",
      "translator": "Vedyatra AI draft",
      "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
      "status": "machine",
      "statusLabel": "Machine draft"
    },
    {
      "lang": "te",
      "text": "అయుక్తుడు, సంస్కారహీనుడు, మొండివాడు, వంచకుడు, ఇతరులకు కీడు చేసేవాడు, సోమరి, విషాదగ్రస్తుడు, కాలయాపన చేసేవాడు అయిన కర్త తామసుడని చెప్పబడతాడు.",
      "translator": "Vedyatra AI draft",
      "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
      "status": "machine",
      "statusLabel": "Machine draft"
    },
    {
      "lang": "kn",
      "text": "ಅಶಿಸ್ತಿನ, ಅಸಂಸ್ಕೃತ, ಹಠಮಾರಿ, ವಂಚಕ, ಇತರರಿಗೆ ಕೇಡು ಬಯಸುವ, ಸೋಮಾರಿ, ವಿಷಾದಗ್ರಸ್ತ ಮತ್ತು ಕಾಲಹರಣ ಮಾಡುವ ಕರ್ತನನ್ನು ತಾಮಸ ಎನ್ನಲಾಗುತ್ತದೆ.",
      "translator": "Vedyatra AI draft",
      "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
      "status": "machine",
      "statusLabel": "Machine draft"
    },
    {
      "lang": "ml",
      "text": "അച്ചടക്കമില്ലാത്തവനും, സംസ്കാരമില്ലാത്തവനും, ദുശ്ശാഠ്യക്കാരനും, വഞ്ചകനും, പരദ്രോഹിയും, മടിയനും, വിഷാദിയും, കാലതാമസം വരുത്തുന്നവനുമായ കർത്താവ് താമസനെന്ന് പറയപ്പെടുന്നു.",
      "translator": "Vedyatra AI draft",
      "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
      "status": "machine",
      "statusLabel": "Machine draft"
    },
    {
      "lang": "bn",
      "text": "যে কর্তা অসংযত, অমার্জিত, অনমনীয়, শঠ, পরের অনিষ্টকারী, অলস, বিষাদগ্রস্ত ও দীর্ঘসূত্রী, তাকে তামসিক বলা হয়।",
      "translator": "Vedyatra AI draft",
      "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
      "status": "machine",
      "statusLabel": "Machine draft"
    },
    {
      "lang": "mr",
      "text": "अयुक्त, असंस्कृत, ताठर, कपटी, इतरांचे अहित करणारा, आळशी, खिन्न आणि चालढकल करणारा असा कर्ता तामस म्हटला जातो.",
      "translator": "Vedyatra AI draft",
      "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
      "status": "machine",
      "statusLabel": "Machine draft"
    },
    {
      "lang": "gu",
      "text": "અયુક્ત, અસંસ્કારી, અક્કડ, ધૂર્ત, બીજાનું અહિત કરનાર, આળસુ, વિષાદી અને ઢીલ કરનાર કર્તા તામસ કહેવાય છે.",
      "translator": "Vedyatra AI draft",
      "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
      "status": "machine",
      "statusLabel": "Machine draft"
    },
    {
      "lang": "pa",
      "text": "ਜੋ ਕਰਤਾ ਅਸੰਜਮੀ, ਅਸਭਿਅ, ਅੜੀਅਲ, ਧੋਖੇਬਾਜ਼, ਦੂਜਿਆਂ ਦਾ ਬੁਰਾ ਕਰਨ ਵਾਲਾ, ਆਲਸੀ, ਉਦਾਸ ਅਤੇ ਟਾਲ-ਮਟੋਲ ਕਰਨ ਵਾਲਾ ਹੈ, ਉਹ ਤਾਮਸ ਕਿਹਾ ਜਾਂਦਾ ਹੈ।",
      "translator": "Vedyatra AI draft",
      "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
      "status": "machine",
      "statusLabel": "Machine draft"
    },
    {
      "lang": "or",
      "text": "ଯେଉଁ କର୍ତ୍ତା ଅସଂଯତ, ଅସଂସ୍କୃତ, ଜିଦ୍ଖୋର, ଶଠ, ଅନ୍ୟର ଅନିଷ୍ଟକାରୀ, ଅଳସୁଆ, ବିଷାଦଗ୍ରସ୍ତ ଓ ଦୀର୍ଘସୂତ୍ରୀ, ତାହାକୁ ତାମସ କୁହାଯାଏ।",
      "translator": "Vedyatra AI draft",
      "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
      "status": "machine",
      "statusLabel": "Machine draft"
    },
    {
      "lang": "ur",
      "text": "جو کرنے والا بے ضبط، گنوار، ضدی، مکار، دوسروں کا برا چاہنے والا، کاہل، افسردہ اور ٹال مٹول کرنے والا ہو، وہ تامس کہلاتا ہے۔",
      "translator": "Vedyatra AI draft",
      "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
      "status": "machine",
      "statusLabel": "Machine draft"
    },
    {
      "lang": "en",
      "text": "The doer who is undisciplined, vulgar, obstinate, deceitful, malicious, lazy, despondent, and procrastinating, is called tāmasic.",
      "translator": "Vedyatra AI draft",
      "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
      "status": "machine",
      "statusLabel": "Machine draft"
    },
    {
      "lang": "es",
      "text": "El agente indisciplinado, vulgar, obstinado, falso, malicioso, perezoso, abatido y dilatorio se llama tāmasa.",
      "translator": "Vedyatra AI draft",
      "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
      "status": "machine",
      "statusLabel": "Machine draft"
    },
    {
      "lang": "fr",
      "text": "L'agent indiscipliné, grossier, obstiné, fourbe, malveillant, paresseux, abattu et temporisateur est dit tāmasa.",
      "translator": "Vedyatra AI draft",
      "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
      "status": "machine",
      "statusLabel": "Machine draft"
    },
    {
      "lang": "de",
      "text": "Der Handelnde, der undiszipliniert, gemein, starrsinnig, hinterlistig, boshaft, träge, verzagt und zaudernd ist, heißt tāmasisch.",
      "translator": "Vedyatra AI draft",
      "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
      "status": "machine",
      "statusLabel": "Machine draft"
    },
    {
      "lang": "pt",
      "text": "O agente indisciplinado, vulgar, obstinado, falso, malicioso, preguiçoso, abatido e procrastinador chama-se tāmasa.",
      "translator": "Vedyatra AI draft",
      "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
      "status": "machine",
      "statusLabel": "Machine draft"
    },
    {
      "lang": "ru",
      "text": "Деятель недисциплинированный, грубый, упрямый, лживый, злонамеренный, ленивый, унылый и медлительный называется тамасическим.",
      "translator": "Vedyatra AI draft",
      "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
      "status": "machine",
      "statusLabel": "Machine draft"
    },
    {
      "lang": "zh",
      "text": "不自律、粗俗、顽固、狡诈、心怀恶意、懒惰、沮丧且拖延的行动者，被称为惰性的。",
      "translator": "Vedyatra AI draft",
      "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
      "status": "machine",
      "statusLabel": "Machine draft"
    },
    {
      "lang": "ja",
      "text": "規律がなく、粗野で、頑固で、狡猾で、悪意があり、怠惰で、落胆しやすく、ぐずぐずと先延ばしにする行為者は、タマス的と呼ばれる。",
      "translator": "Vedyatra AI draft",
      "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
      "status": "machine",
      "statusLabel": "Machine draft"
    },
    {
      "lang": "ar",
      "text": "الفاعل غير المنضبط، الفظّ، العنيد، المخادع، الحاقد، الكسول، الكئيب، المماطل، يُسمّى تامسيًّا.",
      "translator": "Vedyatra AI draft",
      "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
      "status": "machine",
      "statusLabel": "Machine draft"
    },
    {
      "lang": "id",
      "text": "Pelaku yang tidak berdisiplin, kasar, keras kepala, licik, jahat, malas, murung, dan suka menunda-nunda, disebut tāmasa.",
      "translator": "Vedyatra AI draft",
      "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
      "status": "machine",
      "statusLabel": "Machine draft"
    },
    {
      "lang": "th",
      "text": "ผู้กระทำที่ขาดวินัย หยาบคาย ดื้อรั้น หลอกลวง มีจิตคิดร้าย เกียจคร้าน ท้อแท้ และชักช้า เรียกว่าตามสิก",
      "translator": "Vedyatra AI draft",
      "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
      "status": "machine",
      "statusLabel": "Machine draft"
    }
  ],
  "commentary": [],
  "source": {
    "edition": "Bhagavad Gītā 18.28, vulgate text (gita/gita open dataset)",
    "license": "Public domain"
  },
  "topics": [
    "gunas",
    "tamas",
    "character"
  ],
  "citation": "Bhagavad Gītā 18.28. Vedyatra, https://vedyatra.org/verses/gita/18.28/"
}