{
  "id": "upanishads/brihadaranyaka.3.9.31",
  "url": "https://vedyatra.org/verses/upanishads/brihadaranyaka.3.9.31/",
  "work": {
    "key": "upanishads",
    "title": "Upaniṣads"
  },
  "ref": "brihadaranyaka.3.9.31",
  "speaker": "Bṛhadāraṇyaka Upaniṣad · Yājñavalkya to Gārgī",
  "sanskrit": {
    "text": "मांसान्यस्य शकराणि किनाटं स्नाव तत्स्थिरम् ।\nअस्थीन्यन्तरतो दारुणि मज्जा मज्जोपमा कृता ॥ ३.९.३१ ॥",
    "script": "Deva",
    "accented": false
  },
  "transliteration": {
    "text": "māṃsānyasya śakarāṇi kināṭaṃ snāva tatsthiram |\nasthīnyantarato dāruṇi majjā majjopamā kṛtā || 3.9.31 ||",
    "scheme": "IAST"
  },
  "words": [
    {
      "word": "māṃsāni",
      "meaning": "flesh",
      "lang": "en"
    },
    {
      "word": "asya",
      "meaning": "of this (tree)",
      "lang": "en"
    },
    {
      "word": "śakarāṇi",
      "meaning": "the chips, inner wood",
      "lang": "en"
    },
    {
      "word": "kinātam",
      "meaning": "the inner bark layer",
      "lang": "en"
    },
    {
      "word": "snāva",
      "meaning": "sinew",
      "lang": "en"
    },
    {
      "word": "tat",
      "meaning": "that",
      "lang": "en"
    },
    {
      "word": "sthiram",
      "meaning": "firm",
      "lang": "en"
    },
    {
      "word": "asthīni",
      "meaning": "bones",
      "lang": "en"
    },
    {
      "word": "antarataḥ",
      "meaning": "within",
      "lang": "en"
    },
    {
      "word": "dāruṇi",
      "meaning": "the wood",
      "lang": "en"
    },
    {
      "word": "majjā",
      "meaning": "marrow",
      "lang": "en"
    },
    {
      "word": "majjā",
      "meaning": "pith",
      "lang": "en"
    },
    {
      "word": "upamā",
      "meaning": "likeness",
      "lang": "en"
    },
    {
      "word": "kṛtā",
      "meaning": "made",
      "lang": "en"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "lang": "hi",
      "text": "इस वृक्ष का मांस उसकी छाल के नीचे की परतें है, किनाट उसकी नसें हैं, वह दृढ़ है। भीतर का काठ उसकी हड्डियाँ हैं, और गूदा उसका मज्जा, इस प्रकार उपमा बनाई गई है।",
      "translator": "Vedyatra working draft (AI)",
      "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
      "status": "machine",
      "statusLabel": "Machine draft"
    },
    {
      "lang": "ta",
      "text": "இந்த மரத்தின் சதை அதன் உட்பட்டைப் படலங்கள்; கினாடம் அதன் நரம்பு, அது உறுதியானது. உள்ளிருக்கும் மரம் அதன் எலும்புகள்; அதன் உட்சதை மஜ்ஜை; இவ்வாறு உவமை கூறப்பட்டது.",
      "translator": "Vedyatra working draft (AI)",
      "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
      "status": "machine",
      "statusLabel": "Machine draft"
    },
    {
      "lang": "te",
      "text": "ఈ వృక్షపు మాంసం దాని లోపలి బెరడు పొరలు; కినాటం దాని స్నాయువు, అది దృఢమైనది. లోపలి కలప దాని ఎముకలు, గుజ్జు దాని మజ్జ; ఇలా ఉపమ చెప్పబడింది.",
      "translator": "Vedyatra working draft (AI)",
      "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
      "status": "machine",
      "statusLabel": "Machine draft"
    },
    {
      "lang": "kn",
      "text": "ಈ ಮರದ ಮಾಂಸ ಅದರ ಒಳತೊಗಟೆಯ ಪದರಗಳು; ಕಿನಾಟ ಅದರ ನರ, ಅದು ದೃಢ. ಒಳಗಿನ ಮರ ಅದರ ಎಲುಬುಗಳು, ಗೊಬ್ಬು ಅದರ ಮಜ್ಜೆ; ಹೀಗೆ ಉಪಮೆ ಮಾಡಲಾಗಿದೆ.",
      "translator": "Vedyatra working draft (AI)",
      "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
      "status": "machine",
      "statusLabel": "Machine draft"
    },
    {
      "lang": "ml",
      "text": "ഈ വൃക്ഷത്തിന്റെ മാംസം അതിന്റെ ഉള്ളിലെ തൊലിപ്പാളികൾ; കിനാടം അതിന്റെ സ്നായു, അത് ഉറച്ചതാണ്. അകത്തെ മരം അതിന്റെ അസ്ഥികൾ, ഉൾഗുജ്ജം അതിന്റെ മജ്ജ; ഇങ്ങനെയാണ് ഉപമ നൽകിയിരിക്കുന്നത്.",
      "translator": "Vedyatra working draft (AI)",
      "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
      "status": "machine",
      "statusLabel": "Machine draft"
    },
    {
      "lang": "bn",
      "text": "এই বৃক্ষের মাংস তার ভেতরের ছালের স্তরসমূহ; কিনাট তার স্নায়ু, তা দৃঢ়। ভেতরের কাঠ তার অস্থি, আর মজ্জা তার মজ্জা; এভাবে উপমা করা হয়েছে।",
      "translator": "Vedyatra working draft (AI)",
      "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
      "status": "machine",
      "statusLabel": "Machine draft"
    },
    {
      "lang": "mr",
      "text": "या वृक्षाचे मांस म्हणजे आतील सालीचे थर; किनाट म्हणजे त्याचा स्नायू, तो दृढ आहे. आतील लाकूड म्हणजे त्याची हाडे, आणि गर म्हणजे त्याची मज्जा; अशा प्रकारे उपमा केली आहे.",
      "translator": "Vedyatra working draft (AI)",
      "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
      "status": "machine",
      "statusLabel": "Machine draft"
    },
    {
      "lang": "gu",
      "text": "આ વૃક્ષનું માંસ તેની અંદરની છાલના થર છે; કિનાટ તેનો સ્નાયુ છે, તે દૃઢ છે. અંદરનું લાકડું તેનાં હાડકાં છે, અને ગર્ભ તેની મજ્જા છે; આ રીતે ઉપમા આપવામાં આવી છે.",
      "translator": "Vedyatra working draft (AI)",
      "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
      "status": "machine",
      "statusLabel": "Machine draft"
    },
    {
      "lang": "pa",
      "text": "ਇਸ ਰੁੱਖ ਦਾ ਮਾਸ ਉਸ ਦੀ ਅੰਦਰਲੀ ਛਾਲ ਦੀਆਂ ਤਹਿਆਂ ਹਨ; ਕਿਨਾਟ ਉਸ ਦਾ ਸਨਾਯੂ ਹੈ, ਉਹ ਪੱਕਾ ਹੈ। ਅੰਦਰਲੀ ਲੱਕੜੀ ਉਸ ਦੀਆਂ ਹੱਡੀਆਂ ਹਨ, ਅਤੇ ਗੁੱਦਾ ਉਸ ਦੀ ਮਿੱਝ; ਇਸ ਤਰ੍ਹਾਂ ਉਪਮਾ ਕੀਤੀ ਗਈ ਹੈ।",
      "translator": "Vedyatra working draft (AI)",
      "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
      "status": "machine",
      "statusLabel": "Machine draft"
    },
    {
      "lang": "or",
      "text": "ଏହି ଗଛର ମାଂସ ହେଉଛି ଭିତର ଛାଲିର ସ୍ତରଗୁଡ଼ିକ; କିନାଟ ହେଉଛି ଏହାର ସ୍ନାୟୁ, ତାହା ଦୃଢ଼। ଭିତରର କାଠ ହେଉଛି ଏହାର ହାଡ଼, ଏବଂ ଗୁଦା ହେଉଛି ଏହାର ମଜ୍ଜା; ଏହିପରି ଉପମା ଦିଆଯାଇଛି।",
      "translator": "Vedyatra working draft (AI)",
      "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
      "status": "machine",
      "statusLabel": "Machine draft"
    },
    {
      "lang": "ur",
      "text": "اس درخت کا گوشت اس کی اندرونی چھال کی تہیں ہیں؛ کنات اس کا پٹھا ہے، وہ مضبوط ہے۔ اندر کی لکڑی اس کی ہڈیاں ہیں، اور گودا اس کا مغز ہے؛ اس طرح تشبیہ دی گئی ہے۔",
      "translator": "Vedyatra working draft (AI)",
      "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
      "status": "machine",
      "statusLabel": "Machine draft"
    },
    {
      "lang": "en",
      "text": "The flesh of this (tree) is the layers beneath its bark; the kinātam is its sinew, and it is firm. The wood within is its bones, and the pith is its marrow; thus the comparison is made.",
      "translator": "Vedyatra working draft (AI)",
      "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
      "status": "machine",
      "statusLabel": "Machine draft"
    },
    {
      "lang": "es",
      "text": "La carne de este (árbol) son las capas bajo su corteza; el kinātam es su tendón, y es firme. La madera interior son sus huesos, y la médula su tuétano; así se hace la comparación.",
      "translator": "Vedyatra working draft (AI)",
      "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
      "status": "machine",
      "statusLabel": "Machine draft"
    },
    {
      "lang": "fr",
      "text": "La chair de cet (arbre) sont les couches sous son écorce ; le kinātam est son tendon, et il est ferme. Le bois intérieur sont ses os, et la moelle sa moelle ; ainsi la comparaison est faite.",
      "translator": "Vedyatra working draft (AI)",
      "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
      "status": "machine",
      "statusLabel": "Machine draft"
    },
    {
      "lang": "de",
      "text": "Das Fleisch dieses (Baumes) sind die Schichten unter seiner Rinde; das kinātam ist seine Sehne, und sie ist fest. Das Holz im Innern sind seine Knochen, und das Mark seine Markröhre; so wird der Vergleich gezogen.",
      "translator": "Vedyatra working draft (AI)",
      "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
      "status": "machine",
      "statusLabel": "Machine draft"
    },
    {
      "lang": "pt",
      "text": "A carne deste (árvore) são as camadas sob a casca; o kinātam é o seu tendão, e é firme. A madeira interior são os seus ossos, e a medula o seu tutano; assim se faz a comparação.",
      "translator": "Vedyatra working draft (AI)",
      "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
      "status": "machine",
      "statusLabel": "Machine draft"
    },
    {
      "lang": "ru",
      "text": "Плоть этого (дерева) — слои под его корой; кинатам — его сухожилие, и оно крепко. Внутреннее дерево — его кости, а сердцевина — его мозг; так проводится сравнение.",
      "translator": "Vedyatra working draft (AI)",
      "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
      "status": "machine",
      "statusLabel": "Machine draft"
    },
    {
      "lang": "zh",
      "text": "此树的肉是其树皮下的各层；kinātam 是它的筋，它坚韧。内部的木质是它的骨，髓心是它的骨髓；如此作比喻。",
      "translator": "Vedyatra working draft (AI)",
      "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
      "status": "machine",
      "statusLabel": "Machine draft"
    },
    {
      "lang": "ja",
      "text": "この（木）の肉は樹皮の下の層である。キナータムはその腱であり、それは堅い。内部の木はその骨であり、髄はその骨髄である。このようにして比喩が示される。",
      "translator": "Vedyatra working draft (AI)",
      "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
      "status": "machine",
      "statusLabel": "Machine draft"
    },
    {
      "lang": "ar",
      "text": "لحم هذه (الشجرة) هو الطبقات تحت لحائها؛ والكيناتام عصبها، وهو متين. والخشب الداخلي عظامها، واللب نخاعها؛ وهكذا تُعقد المقارنة.",
      "translator": "Vedyatra working draft (AI)",
      "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
      "status": "machine",
      "statusLabel": "Machine draft"
    },
    {
      "lang": "id",
      "text": "Daging (pohon) ini adalah lapisan di bawah kulitnya; kinātam adalah urat-nya, dan ia kokoh. Kayu di dalamnya adalah tulangnya, dan empulurnya adalah sumsumnya; demikianlah perbandingan dibuat.",
      "translator": "Vedyatra working draft (AI)",
      "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
      "status": "machine",
      "statusLabel": "Machine draft"
    },
    {
      "lang": "th",
      "text": "เนื้อของต้นไม้นี้คือชั้นเยื่อใต้เปลือก กินาฏัมคือเอ็น และมันแข็งแรง ไม้ภายในคือกระดูก และไขคือไขกระดูก ดังนี้การเปรียบเทียบจึงถูกกล่าวไว้",
      "translator": "Vedyatra working draft (AI)",
      "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
      "status": "machine",
      "statusLabel": "Machine draft"
    }
  ],
  "commentary": [],
  "source": {
    "edition": "Bṛhadāraṇyaka Upaniṣad, Sanskrit Wikisource, page “बृहदारण्यक उपनिषद् 3p” (revision 311982)",
    "license": "Public domain text; Wikisource page CC BY-SA 4.0",
    "url": "https://sa.wikisource.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D_3p&oldid=311982"
  },
  "topics": [
    "body",
    "tree-simile",
    "death"
  ],
  "citation": "Bṛhadāraṇyaka Upaniṣad 3.9.31. Vedyatra, https://vedyatra.org/verses/upanishads/brihadaranyaka.3.9.31/"
}