{
  "id": "upanishads/brihadaranyaka.3.9.4",
  "url": "https://vedyatra.org/verses/upanishads/brihadaranyaka.3.9.4/",
  "work": {
    "key": "upanishads",
    "title": "Upaniṣads"
  },
  "ref": "brihadaranyaka.3.9.4",
  "speaker": "Bṛhadāraṇyaka Upaniṣad · Yājñavalkya to Śākalya",
  "sanskrit": {
    "text": "कतमे रुद्रा इति ।\nदशेमे पुरुषे प्राणा आत्मैकादशः ।\nते यदास्माच्छरीरान्मर्त्यादुत्क्रामन्त्यथ रोदयन्ति ।\nतद्यद्रोदयन्ति तस्माद्रुद्रा इति ॥ ३.९.४ ॥",
    "script": "Deva",
    "accented": false
  },
  "transliteration": {
    "text": "katame rudrā iti |\ndaśeme puruṣe prāṇā ātmaikādaśaḥ |\nte yadāsmāccharīrānmartyādutkrāmantyatha rodayanti |\ntadyadrodayanti tasmādrudrā iti || 3.9.4 ||",
    "scheme": "IAST"
  },
  "words": [
    {
      "word": "katame",
      "meaning": "which",
      "lang": "en"
    },
    {
      "word": "rudrāḥ",
      "meaning": "Rudras",
      "lang": "en"
    },
    {
      "word": "iti",
      "meaning": "thus",
      "lang": "en"
    },
    {
      "word": "daśa",
      "meaning": "ten",
      "lang": "en"
    },
    {
      "word": "ime",
      "meaning": "these",
      "lang": "en"
    },
    {
      "word": "puruṣe",
      "meaning": "in the person",
      "lang": "en"
    },
    {
      "word": "prāṇāḥ",
      "meaning": "vital breaths",
      "lang": "en"
    },
    {
      "word": "ātmā",
      "meaning": "the self",
      "lang": "en"
    },
    {
      "word": "ekādaśaḥ",
      "meaning": "the eleventh",
      "lang": "en"
    },
    {
      "word": "te",
      "meaning": "they",
      "lang": "en"
    },
    {
      "word": "yat",
      "meaning": "when",
      "lang": "en"
    },
    {
      "word": "asmāt",
      "meaning": "from this",
      "lang": "en"
    },
    {
      "word": "śarīrāt",
      "meaning": "body",
      "lang": "en"
    },
    {
      "word": "martyāt",
      "meaning": "mortal",
      "lang": "en"
    },
    {
      "word": "utkrāmanti",
      "meaning": "depart",
      "lang": "en"
    },
    {
      "word": "atha",
      "meaning": "then",
      "lang": "en"
    },
    {
      "word": "rodayanti",
      "meaning": "cause to weep",
      "lang": "en"
    },
    {
      "word": "tat",
      "meaning": "therefore",
      "lang": "en"
    },
    {
      "word": "yat",
      "meaning": "because",
      "lang": "en"
    },
    {
      "word": "rodayanti",
      "meaning": "they cause weeping",
      "lang": "en"
    },
    {
      "word": "tasmāt",
      "meaning": "therefore",
      "lang": "en"
    },
    {
      "word": "rudrāḥ",
      "meaning": "Rudras",
      "lang": "en"
    },
    {
      "word": "iti",
      "meaning": "thus",
      "lang": "en"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "lang": "hi",
      "text": "\"रुद्र कौन हैं?\" \"पुरुष में ये दस प्राण हैं, और ग्यारहवाँ आत्मा। जब वे इस मरणशील शरीर से निकलते हैं, तो (लोग) रोने लगते हैं। चूँकि वे रुलाते हैं, इसलिए इन्हें रुद्र कहते हैं।\"",
      "translator": "Vedyatra working draft (AI)",
      "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
      "status": "machine",
      "statusLabel": "Machine draft"
    },
    {
      "lang": "ta",
      "text": "\"ருத்திரர்கள் யார்?\" \"மனிதனுக்குள் இவை பத்து பிராணன்கள்; பதினொன்றாவது ஆத்மா. இந்த மரணமடையும் உடலிலிருந்து அவை வெளியேறும்போது, மக்கள் அழத் தொடங்குகிறார்கள். அவை அழவைப்பதால் இவர்கள் ருத்திரர்கள் எனப்படுகிறார்கள்.\"",
      "translator": "Vedyatra working draft (AI)",
      "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
      "status": "machine",
      "statusLabel": "Machine draft"
    },
    {
      "lang": "te",
      "text": "\"రుద్రులు ఎవరు?\" \"పురుషునిలో ఈ పది ప్రాణాలు ఉన్నాయి; పదకొండవది ఆత్మ. ఈ మర్త్య శరీరం నుండి అవి నిష్క్రమించినప్పుడు, ప్రజలు ఏడవడం మొదలుపెడతారు. అవి ఏడిపిస్తాయి కాబట్టి వారిని రుద్రులు అంటారు.\"",
      "translator": "Vedyatra working draft (AI)",
      "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
      "status": "machine",
      "statusLabel": "Machine draft"
    },
    {
      "lang": "kn",
      "text": "\"ರುದ್ರರು ಯಾರು?\" \"ಪುರುಷನಲ್ಲಿ ಈ ಹತ್ತು ಪ್ರಾಣಗಳಿವೆ; ಹನ್ನೊಂದನೆಯದು ಆತ್ಮ. ಈ ಮರ್ತ್ಯ ಶರೀರದಿಂದ ಅವು ಹೊರಹೋದಾಗ, ಜನರು ಅಳತೊಡಗುತ್ತಾರೆ. ಅವು ಅಳಿಸುವುದರಿಂದ ಇವರನ್ನು ರುದ್ರರು ಎನ್ನುತ್ತಾರೆ.\"",
      "translator": "Vedyatra working draft (AI)",
      "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
      "status": "machine",
      "statusLabel": "Machine draft"
    },
    {
      "lang": "ml",
      "text": "\"രുദ്രന്മാർ ആരാണ്?\" \"പുരുഷനിൽ ഈ പത്ത് പ്രാണന്മാരുണ്ട്; പതിനൊന്നാമത്തേത് ആത്മാവ്. ഈ മർത്യശരീരത്തിൽ നിന്ന് അവ പുറപ്പെടുമ്പോൾ ആളുകൾ കരയുന്നു. അവ കരയിക്കുന്നതിനാൽ അവരെ രുദ്രന്മാർ എന്നു വിളിക്കുന്നു.\"",
      "translator": "Vedyatra working draft (AI)",
      "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
      "status": "machine",
      "statusLabel": "Machine draft"
    },
    {
      "lang": "bn",
      "text": "\"রুদ্র কারা?\" \"পুরুষের মধ্যে এই দশটি প্রাণ; একাদশতম আত্মা। এই মরণশীল শরীর থেকে যখন তারা নির্গত হয়, তখন লোকে কাঁদতে থাকে। যেহেতু তারা কাঁদায়, তাই তাদের রুদ্র বলা হয়।\"",
      "translator": "Vedyatra working draft (AI)",
      "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
      "status": "machine",
      "statusLabel": "Machine draft"
    },
    {
      "lang": "mr",
      "text": "\"रुद्र कोण?\" \"पुरुषात हे दहा प्राण आहेत; अकरावा आत्मा. या मर्त्य देहातून ते बाहेर पडतात तेव्हा लोक रडू लागतात. ते रडवतात म्हणून त्यांना रुद्र म्हणतात.\"",
      "translator": "Vedyatra working draft (AI)",
      "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
      "status": "machine",
      "statusLabel": "Machine draft"
    },
    {
      "lang": "gu",
      "text": "\"રુદ્રો કોણ?\" \"પુરુષમાં આ દસ પ્રાણ છે; અગિયારમો આત્મા. જ્યારે તેઓ આ મરણશીલ શરીરમાંથી નીકળે છે, ત્યારે લોકો રડવા લાગે છે. તેઓ રડાવે છે માટે તેમને રુદ્રો કહેવાય છે.\"",
      "translator": "Vedyatra working draft (AI)",
      "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
      "status": "machine",
      "statusLabel": "Machine draft"
    },
    {
      "lang": "pa",
      "text": "\"ਰੁਦ੍ਰ ਕੌਣ ਹਨ?\" \"ਪੁਰਖ ਵਿੱਚ ਇਹ ਦਸ ਪ੍ਰਾਣ ਹਨ; ਗਿਆਰ੍ਹਵਾਂ ਆਤਮਾ। ਜਦੋਂ ਇਹ ਇਸ ਮਰਨਸ਼ੀਲ ਸਰੀਰ ਤੋਂ ਨਿਕਲਦੇ ਹਨ, ਤਾਂ ਲੋਕ ਰੋਣ ਲੱਗਦੇ ਹਨ। ਕਿਉਂਕਿ ਉਹ ਰੁਆਉਂਦੇ ਹਨ, ਇਸ ਲਈ ਇਨ੍ਹਾਂ ਨੂੰ ਰੁਦ੍ਰ ਕਿਹਾ ਜਾਂਦਾ ਹੈ।\"",
      "translator": "Vedyatra working draft (AI)",
      "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
      "status": "machine",
      "statusLabel": "Machine draft"
    },
    {
      "lang": "or",
      "text": "\"ରୁଦ୍ର କିଏ?\" \"ପୁରୁଷ ମଧ୍ୟରେ ଏହି ଦଶ ପ୍ରାଣ ଅଛନ୍ତି; ଏକାଦଶଟି ହେଉଛି ଆତ୍ମା। ଏହି ମରଣଶୀଳ ଶରୀରରୁ ଯେତେବେଳେ ସେମାନେ ବାହାରି ଯାଆନ୍ତି, ସେତେବେଳେ ଲୋକେ କାନ୍ଦିବାକୁ ଲାଗନ୍ତି। ସେମାନେ କନ୍ଦାଇବା ଯୋଗୁଁ ଏମାନେ ରୁଦ୍ର।\"",
      "translator": "Vedyatra working draft (AI)",
      "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
      "status": "machine",
      "statusLabel": "Machine draft"
    },
    {
      "lang": "ur",
      "text": "\"رُدر کون ہیں؟\" \"انسان میں یہ دس پران ہیں؛ گیارہواں آتمن۔ جب وہ اس فانی جسم سے نکلتے ہیں تو لوگ رونے لگتے ہیں۔ چونکہ وہ رُلاتے ہیں، اس لیے انہیں رُدر کہا جاتا ہے۔\"",
      "translator": "Vedyatra working draft (AI)",
      "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
      "status": "machine",
      "statusLabel": "Machine draft"
    },
    {
      "lang": "en",
      "text": "\"Which are the Rudras?\" \"In a person there are these ten vital breaths, and the self is the eleventh. When they depart from this mortal body, people weep. Because they make them weep, they are called Rudras.\"",
      "translator": "Vedyatra working draft (AI)",
      "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
      "status": "machine",
      "statusLabel": "Machine draft"
    },
    {
      "lang": "es",
      "text": "\"¿Quiénes son los Rudras?\" \"En una persona están estos diez alientos vitales, y el ātman es el undécimo. Cuando se marchan de este cuerpo mortal, la gente llora. Porque hacen llorar, se llaman Rudras.\"",
      "translator": "Vedyatra working draft (AI)",
      "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
      "status": "machine",
      "statusLabel": "Machine draft"
    },
    {
      "lang": "fr",
      "text": "« Quels sont les Rudras ? » « Dans un être, il y a ces dix souffles vitaux, et l'ātman est le onzième. Quand ils quittent ce corps mortel, les gens pleurent. Parce qu'ils font pleurer, on les appelle Rudras. »",
      "translator": "Vedyatra working draft (AI)",
      "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
      "status": "machine",
      "statusLabel": "Machine draft"
    },
    {
      "lang": "de",
      "text": "\"Welche sind die Rudras?\" \"In einem Menschen sind diese zehn Lebensatem, und das Selbst ātman ist der elfte. Wenn sie diesen sterblichen Körper verlassen, weinen die Menschen. Weil sie zum Weinen bringen, heißen sie Rudras.\"",
      "translator": "Vedyatra working draft (AI)",
      "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
      "status": "machine",
      "statusLabel": "Machine draft"
    },
    {
      "lang": "pt",
      "text": "\"Quais são os Rudras?\" \"Em uma pessoa há estes dez alentos vitais, e o ātman é o décimo primeiro. Quando partem deste corpo mortal, as pessoas choram. Porque fazem chorar, são chamados Rudras.\"",
      "translator": "Vedyatra working draft (AI)",
      "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
      "status": "machine",
      "statusLabel": "Machine draft"
    },
    {
      "lang": "ru",
      "text": "«Кто такие Рудры?» «В человеке есть эти десять жизненных дыханий, а одиннадцатый — ātman. Когда они покидают это смертное тело, люди плачут. Поскольку они заставляют плакать, их называют Рудрами».",
      "translator": "Vedyatra working draft (AI)",
      "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
      "status": "machine",
      "statusLabel": "Machine draft"
    },
    {
      "lang": "zh",
      "text": "“哪些是楼陀罗（Rudra）？”“人身中有这十种生气（prāṇa），第十一是自我（ātman）。当它们离开这有死的身体时，人们便哭泣。因其使人哭泣，故名楼陀罗。”",
      "translator": "Vedyatra working draft (AI)",
      "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
      "status": "machine",
      "statusLabel": "Machine draft"
    },
    {
      "lang": "ja",
      "text": "「ルドラ神とは誰か。」「人の内には十の生気（プラーナ）があり、十一番目が自己（アートマン）である。これらが死すべき身体から去るとき、人々は泣く。彼らを泣かせるゆえに、ルドラと呼ばれる。」",
      "translator": "Vedyatra working draft (AI)",
      "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
      "status": "machine",
      "statusLabel": "Machine draft"
    },
    {
      "lang": "ar",
      "text": "«من هم الرودرا؟» «في الإنسان هذه الأنفاس الحيوية العشرة، والذات (ātman) هي الحادية عشرة. فإذا خرجت من هذا الجسد الفاني بكى الناس. ولأنها تُبكي، سُمّيت رودرا».",
      "translator": "Vedyatra working draft (AI)",
      "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
      "status": "machine",
      "statusLabel": "Machine draft"
    },
    {
      "lang": "id",
      "text": "\"Siapakah para Rudra itu?\" \"Dalam diri manusia terdapat sepuluh prāṇa ini, dan ātman adalah yang kesebelas. Ketika mereka meninggalkan tubuh fana ini, orang menangis. Karena mereka membuat orang menangis, mereka disebut Rudra.\"",
      "translator": "Vedyatra working draft (AI)",
      "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
      "status": "machine",
      "statusLabel": "Machine draft"
    },
    {
      "lang": "th",
      "text": "ศากัลยะถามว่า รุทระคือใครบ้าง ท่านตอบว่า ในมนุษย์มีลมปราณสิบประการนี้ และอาตมันเป็นองค์ที่สิบเอ็ด เมื่อลมปราณเหล่านั้นออกจากร่างมนุษย์ที่ต้องตายนี้ ผู้คนก็ร้องไห้ เพราะลมปราณเหล่านั้นทำให้ผู้คนร้องไห้ จึงเรียกว่ารุทระ",
      "translator": "Vedyatra working draft (AI)",
      "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
      "status": "machine",
      "statusLabel": "Machine draft"
    }
  ],
  "commentary": [],
  "source": {
    "edition": "Bṛhadāraṇyaka Upaniṣad, Sanskrit Wikisource, page “बृहदारण्यक उपनिषद् 3p” (revision 311982)",
    "license": "Public domain text; Wikisource page CC BY-SA 4.0",
    "url": "https://sa.wikisource.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D_3p&oldid=311982"
  },
  "topics": [
    "rudras",
    "breath",
    "death"
  ],
  "citation": "Bṛhadāraṇyaka Upaniṣad 3.9.4. Vedyatra, https://vedyatra.org/verses/upanishads/brihadaranyaka.3.9.4/"
}