{
  "id": "upanishads/chandogya.2.16.1",
  "url": "https://vedyatra.org/verses/upanishads/chandogya.2.16.1/",
  "work": {
    "key": "upanishads",
    "title": "Upaniṣads"
  },
  "ref": "chandogya.2.16.1",
  "speaker": "Chāndogya Upaniṣad",
  "sanskrit": {
    "text": "वसन्तो हिङ्कारो ग्रीष्मः प्रस्तावो वर्षा उद्गीथः शरत्प्रतिहारो हेमन्तो निधनमेतमृतुषु प्रोतम् ॥ २.१६.१ ॥",
    "script": "Deva",
    "accented": false
  },
  "transliteration": {
    "text": "vasanto hiṅkāro grīṣmaḥ prastāvo varṣā udgīthaḥ śaratpratihāro hemanto nidhanametamṛtuṣu protam || 2.16.1 ||",
    "scheme": "IAST"
  },
  "words": [
    {
      "word": "vasanto",
      "meaning": "spring",
      "lang": "en"
    },
    {
      "word": "hiṅkāraḥ",
      "meaning": "the hiṃ-sound (initial chant of the sāman)",
      "lang": "en"
    },
    {
      "word": "grīṣmaḥ",
      "meaning": "summer",
      "lang": "en"
    },
    {
      "word": "prastāvaḥ",
      "meaning": "the prastāva (opening part of the chant)",
      "lang": "en"
    },
    {
      "word": "varṣā",
      "meaning": "rainy season",
      "lang": "en"
    },
    {
      "word": "udgīthaḥ",
      "meaning": "the udgītha (main sung part)",
      "lang": "en"
    },
    {
      "word": "śarat-pratihāraḥ",
      "meaning": "autumn as the pratihāra (returning part)",
      "lang": "en"
    },
    {
      "word": "hemantaḥ",
      "meaning": "winter",
      "lang": "en"
    },
    {
      "word": "nidhanam",
      "meaning": "the nidhana (closing part)",
      "lang": "en"
    },
    {
      "word": "etat",
      "meaning": "this",
      "lang": "en"
    },
    {
      "word": "ṛtuṣu",
      "meaning": "among the seasons",
      "lang": "en"
    },
    {
      "word": "protam",
      "meaning": "woven, strung",
      "lang": "en"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "lang": "hi",
      "text": "वसंत हिंकार है, ग्रीष्म प्रस्ताव है, वर्षा उद्गीथ है, शरद प्रतिहार है, हेमंत निधन है — यह सब ऋतुओं में पिरोया गया है।",
      "translator": "Vedyatra working draft (AI)",
      "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
      "status": "machine",
      "statusLabel": "Machine draft"
    },
    {
      "lang": "ta",
      "text": "வசந்தம் ஹிங்காரம், கோடை பிரஸ்தாவம், மழைக்காலம் உத்கீதம், இலையுதிர்காலம் பிரதிஹாரம், முன்பனிக்காலம் நிதனம் — இவை அனைத்தும் பருவங்களில் கோக்கப்பட்டுள்ளன.",
      "translator": "Vedyatra working draft (AI)",
      "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
      "status": "machine",
      "statusLabel": "Machine draft"
    },
    {
      "lang": "te",
      "text": "వసంతం హింకారం, గ్రీష్మం ప్రస్తావం, వర్షం ఉద్గీథం, శరత్తు ప్రతిహారం, హేమంతం నిధనం — ఇవి ఋతువుల్లో కూర్చబడి ఉన్నాయి.",
      "translator": "Vedyatra working draft (AI)",
      "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
      "status": "machine",
      "statusLabel": "Machine draft"
    },
    {
      "lang": "kn",
      "text": "ವಸಂತ ಹಿಂಕಾರ, ಗ್ರೀಷ್ಮ ಪ್ರಸ್ತಾವ, ವರ್ಷ ಉದ್ಗೀಥ, ಶರತ್ ಪ್ರತಿಹಾರ, ಹೇಮಂತ ನಿಧನ — ಇವೆಲ್ಲವೂ ಋತುಗಳಲ್ಲಿ ಪೋಣಿಸಲ್ಪಟ್ಟಿವೆ.",
      "translator": "Vedyatra working draft (AI)",
      "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
      "status": "machine",
      "statusLabel": "Machine draft"
    },
    {
      "lang": "ml",
      "text": "വസന്തം ഹിങ്കാരം, ഗ്രീഷ്മം പ്രസ്താവം, വർഷം ഉദ്ഗീഥം, ശരത്ത് പ്രതിഹാരം, ഹേമന്തം നിധനം — ഇവ ഋതുക്കളിൽ കോർക്കപ്പെട്ടിരിക്കുന്നു.",
      "translator": "Vedyatra working draft (AI)",
      "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
      "status": "machine",
      "statusLabel": "Machine draft"
    },
    {
      "lang": "bn",
      "text": "বসন্ত হিঙ্কার, গ্রীষ্ম প্রস্তাব, বর্ষা উদ্গীথ, শরৎ প্রতিহার, হেমন্ত নিধন — এইসব ঋতুতে গাঁথা রয়েছে।",
      "translator": "Vedyatra working draft (AI)",
      "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
      "status": "machine",
      "statusLabel": "Machine draft"
    },
    {
      "lang": "mr",
      "text": "वसंत हिंकार आहे, ग्रीष्म प्रस्ताव आहे, वर्षा उद्गीथ आहे, शरद प्रतिहार आहे, हेमंत निधन आहे — हे सर्व ऋतूंमध्ये गुंफलेले आहे.",
      "translator": "Vedyatra working draft (AI)",
      "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
      "status": "machine",
      "statusLabel": "Machine draft"
    },
    {
      "lang": "gu",
      "text": "વસંત હિંકાર છે, ગ્રીષ્મ પ્રસ્તાવ છે, વર્ષા ઉદ્ગીથ છે, શરદ પ્રતિહાર છે, હેમંત નિધન છે — આ સર્વ ઋતુઓમાં પરોવાયેલું છે.",
      "translator": "Vedyatra working draft (AI)",
      "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
      "status": "machine",
      "statusLabel": "Machine draft"
    },
    {
      "lang": "pa",
      "text": "ਬਸੰਤ ਹਿੰਕਾਰ ਹੈ, ਗਰਮੀ ਪ੍ਰਸਤਾਵ ਹੈ, ਬਰਸਾਤ ਉਦਗੀਥ ਹੈ, ਸ਼ਰਦ ਪ੍ਰਤਿਹਾਰ ਹੈ, ਹੇਮੰਤ ਨਿਧਨ ਹੈ — ਇਹ ਸਭ ਰੁੱਤਾਂ ਵਿੱਚ ਪਰੋਏ ਹੋਏ ਹਨ।",
      "translator": "Vedyatra working draft (AI)",
      "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
      "status": "machine",
      "statusLabel": "Machine draft"
    },
    {
      "lang": "or",
      "text": "ବସନ୍ତ ହିଙ୍କାର, ଗ୍ରୀଷ୍ମ ପ୍ରସ୍ତାବ, ବର୍ଷା ଉଦ୍ଗୀଥ, ଶରତ ପ୍ରତିହାର, ହେମନ୍ତ ନିଧନ — ଏ ସବୁ ଋତୁରେ ଗୁନ୍ଥା ହୋଇଛି।",
      "translator": "Vedyatra working draft (AI)",
      "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
      "status": "machine",
      "statusLabel": "Machine draft"
    },
    {
      "lang": "ur",
      "text": "بہار ہِنکار ہے، گرمی پرستاو ہے، برسات اُدگیتھ ہے، خزاں پرتیہار ہے، سردی نِدھن ہے — یہ سب موسموں میں پرویا ہوا ہے۔",
      "translator": "Vedyatra working draft (AI)",
      "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
      "status": "machine",
      "statusLabel": "Machine draft"
    },
    {
      "lang": "en",
      "text": "Spring is the hiṃkāra, summer the prastāva, the rains the udgītha, autumn the pratihāra, and winter the nidhana; these are strung through the seasons.",
      "translator": "Vedyatra working draft (AI)",
      "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
      "status": "machine",
      "statusLabel": "Machine draft"
    },
    {
      "lang": "es",
      "text": "La primavera es el hiṃkāra, el verano el prastāva, la estación de lluvias el udgītha, el otoño el pratihāra y el invierno el nidhana; estos están ensartados a través de las estaciones.",
      "translator": "Vedyatra working draft (AI)",
      "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
      "status": "machine",
      "statusLabel": "Machine draft"
    },
    {
      "lang": "fr",
      "text": "Le printemps est le hiṃkāra, l'été le prastāva, la saison des pluies l'udgītha, l'automne le pratihāra et l'hiver le nidhana ; ils sont enfilés à travers les saisons.",
      "translator": "Vedyatra working draft (AI)",
      "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
      "status": "machine",
      "statusLabel": "Machine draft"
    },
    {
      "lang": "de",
      "text": "Der Frühling ist das hiṃkāra, der Sommer das prastāva, die Regenzeit das udgītha, der Herbst das pratihāra und der Winter das nidhana; diese sind durch die Jahreszeiten gefädelt.",
      "translator": "Vedyatra working draft (AI)",
      "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
      "status": "machine",
      "statusLabel": "Machine draft"
    },
    {
      "lang": "pt",
      "text": "A primavera é o hiṃkāra, o verão o prastāva, a estação chuvosa o udgītha, o outono o pratihāra e o inverno o nidhana; estes estão enfiados através das estações.",
      "translator": "Vedyatra working draft (AI)",
      "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
      "status": "machine",
      "statusLabel": "Machine draft"
    },
    {
      "lang": "ru",
      "text": "Весна — это хиṃкара, лето — прастава, сезон дождей — удгитха, осень — пратихара, зима — нидхана; они нанизаны на времена года.",
      "translator": "Vedyatra working draft (AI)",
      "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
      "status": "machine",
      "statusLabel": "Machine draft"
    },
    {
      "lang": "zh",
      "text": "春为哼唱（hiṃkāra），夏为序唱（prastāva），雨季为高唱（udgītha），秋为回应（pratihāra），冬为结尾（nidhana）；它们贯穿于四季之中。",
      "translator": "Vedyatra working draft (AI)",
      "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
      "status": "machine",
      "statusLabel": "Machine draft"
    },
    {
      "lang": "ja",
      "text": "春はヒンカーラ、夏はプラスターヴァ、雨季はウドギーサ、秋はプラティハーラ、冬はニダナ。これらは季節を通して貫かれている。",
      "translator": "Vedyatra working draft (AI)",
      "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
      "status": "machine",
      "statusLabel": "Machine draft"
    },
    {
      "lang": "ar",
      "text": "الربيع هو الهِنكارا، والصيف هو البْرَستافا، والموسم الماطر هو الأُدجِيثا، والخريف هو البْرَتِيهارا، والشتاء هو النِّدهانا؛ وكلها منظومة عبر الفصول.",
      "translator": "Vedyatra working draft (AI)",
      "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
      "status": "machine",
      "statusLabel": "Machine draft"
    },
    {
      "lang": "id",
      "text": "Musim semi adalah hiṃkāra, musim panas prastāva, musim hujan udgītha, musim gugur pratihāra, dan musim dingin nidhana; semuanya terangkai di sepanjang musim.",
      "translator": "Vedyatra working draft (AI)",
      "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
      "status": "machine",
      "statusLabel": "Machine draft"
    },
    {
      "lang": "th",
      "text": "ฤดูวสันต์คือหิงการ ฤดูร้อนคือประสตาวะ ฤดูฝนคืออุทคีถะ ฤดูใบไม้ร่วงคือประติหาระ และฤดูหนาวคือนิธนะ ทั้งหมดนี้ร้อยกันอยู่ในฤดูทั้งหลาย",
      "translator": "Vedyatra working draft (AI)",
      "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
      "status": "machine",
      "statusLabel": "Machine draft"
    }
  ],
  "commentary": [],
  "source": {
    "edition": "Chāndogya Upaniṣad, Sanskrit Wikisource, page “छान्दोग्योपनिषद्/अध्यायः २” (revision 311182)",
    "license": "Public domain text; Wikisource page CC BY-SA 4.0",
    "url": "https://sa.wikisource.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%9B%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%2F%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%83_%E0%A5%A8&oldid=311182"
  },
  "topics": [
    "sama",
    "seasons",
    "udgitha",
    "cosmic-correspondence"
  ],
  "citation": "Chāndogya Upaniṣad 2.16.1. Vedyatra, https://vedyatra.org/verses/upanishads/chandogya.2.16.1/"
}