{
  "id": "upanishads/chandogya.2.21.1",
  "url": "https://vedyatra.org/verses/upanishads/chandogya.2.21.1/",
  "work": {
    "key": "upanishads",
    "title": "Upaniṣads"
  },
  "ref": "chandogya.2.21.1",
  "speaker": "Chāndogya Upaniṣad",
  "sanskrit": {
    "text": "त्रयी विद्या हिङ्कारस्त्रय इमे लोकाः स प्रस्तावोऽग्निर्वायुरादित्यः स उद्गीथो नक्षत्राणि वयाꣳसि मरीचयः स प्रतिहारः सर्पा गन्धर्वाः पितरस्तन्निधनमेतत्साम सर्वस्मिन्प्रोतम् ॥ २.२१.१ ॥",
    "script": "Deva",
    "accented": false
  },
  "transliteration": {
    "text": "trayī vidyā hiṅkārastraya ime lokāḥ sa prastāvo'gnirvāyurādityaḥ sa udgītho nakṣatrāṇi vayāṃsi marīcayaḥ sa pratihāraḥ sarpā gandharvāḥ pitarastannidhanametatsāma sarvasminprotam || 2.21.1 ||",
    "scheme": "IAST"
  },
  "words": [
    {
      "word": "trayī",
      "meaning": "the threefold",
      "lang": "en"
    },
    {
      "word": "vidyā",
      "meaning": "knowledge",
      "lang": "en"
    },
    {
      "word": "hiṅkāraḥ",
      "meaning": "the hiṅkāra",
      "lang": "en"
    },
    {
      "word": "trayaḥ",
      "meaning": "three",
      "lang": "en"
    },
    {
      "word": "ime",
      "meaning": "these",
      "lang": "en"
    },
    {
      "word": "lokāḥ",
      "meaning": "worlds",
      "lang": "en"
    },
    {
      "word": "saḥ",
      "meaning": "that",
      "lang": "en"
    },
    {
      "word": "prastāvaḥ",
      "meaning": "the prastāva",
      "lang": "en"
    },
    {
      "word": "agniḥ",
      "meaning": "fire",
      "lang": "en"
    },
    {
      "word": "vāyuḥ",
      "meaning": "wind",
      "lang": "en"
    },
    {
      "word": "ādityaḥ",
      "meaning": "the sun",
      "lang": "en"
    },
    {
      "word": "saḥ",
      "meaning": "that",
      "lang": "en"
    },
    {
      "word": "udgīthaḥ",
      "meaning": "the udgītha",
      "lang": "en"
    },
    {
      "word": "nakṣatrāṇi",
      "meaning": "the stars",
      "lang": "en"
    },
    {
      "word": "vayāṃsi",
      "meaning": "birds",
      "lang": "en"
    },
    {
      "word": "marīcayaḥ",
      "meaning": "rays of light",
      "lang": "en"
    },
    {
      "word": "saḥ",
      "meaning": "that",
      "lang": "en"
    },
    {
      "word": "pratihāraḥ",
      "meaning": "the pratihāra",
      "lang": "en"
    },
    {
      "word": "sarpāḥ",
      "meaning": "serpents",
      "lang": "en"
    },
    {
      "word": "gandharvāḥ",
      "meaning": "gandharvas",
      "lang": "en"
    },
    {
      "word": "pitaraḥ",
      "meaning": "ancestors",
      "lang": "en"
    },
    {
      "word": "tat",
      "meaning": "that",
      "lang": "en"
    },
    {
      "word": "nidhanam",
      "meaning": "the nidhana",
      "lang": "en"
    },
    {
      "word": "etat",
      "meaning": "this",
      "lang": "en"
    },
    {
      "word": "sāma",
      "meaning": "the sāman chant",
      "lang": "en"
    },
    {
      "word": "sarvasmin",
      "meaning": "in all",
      "lang": "en"
    },
    {
      "word": "protam",
      "meaning": "strung together",
      "lang": "en"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "lang": "hi",
      "text": "त्रयी विद्या ही हिंकार है; ये तीन लोक हिंकार हैं। वह प्रस्ताव है—अग्नि, वायु, आदित्य। वह उद्गीथ है—नक्षत्र, पक्षी, किरणें। वह प्रतिहार है—सर्प, गंधर्व, पितर। वह निधन है। यह साम सबमें पिरोया हुआ है।",
      "translator": "Vedyatra working draft (AI)",
      "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
      "status": "machine",
      "statusLabel": "Machine draft"
    },
    {
      "lang": "ta",
      "text": "மூவகை வித்தை ஹிங்காரம்; இந்த மூன்று உலகங்களும் ஹிங்காரம். அது பிரஸ்தாவம்—அக்னி, வாயு, ஆதித்யன். அது உத்கீதம்—நட்சத்திரங்கள், பறவைகள், ஒளிக்கதிர்கள். அது பிரதிஹாரம்—பாம்புகள், கந்தர்வர்கள், பித்ருக்கள். அது நிதனம். இந்த சாமம் அனைத்திலும் கோக்கப்பட்டுள்ளது.",
      "translator": "Vedyatra working draft (AI)",
      "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
      "status": "machine",
      "statusLabel": "Machine draft"
    },
    {
      "lang": "te",
      "text": "త్రయీ విద్యే హింకారం; ఈ మూడు లోకాలే హింకారం. అది ప్రస్తావం—అగ్ని, వాయువు, ఆదిత్యుడు. అది ఉద్గీథం—నక్షత్రాలు, పక్షులు, కిరణాలు. అది ప్రతిహారం—సర్పాలు, గంధర్వులు, పితృలు. అది నిధనం. ఈ సామం అన్నింటిలో గ్రుచ్చబడి ఉంది.",
      "translator": "Vedyatra working draft (AI)",
      "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
      "status": "machine",
      "statusLabel": "Machine draft"
    },
    {
      "lang": "kn",
      "text": "ತ್ರಯೀ ವಿದ್ಯೆಯೇ ಹಿಂಕಾರ; ಈ ಮೂರು ಲೋಕಗಳೇ ಹಿಂಕಾರ. ಅದು ಪ್ರಸ್ತಾವ—ಅಗ್ನಿ, ವಾಯು, ಆದಿತ್ಯ. ಅದು ಉದ್ಗೀಥ—ನಕ್ಷತ್ರಗಳು, ಪಕ್ಷಿಗಳು, ಕಿರಣಗಳು. ಅದು ಪ್ರತಿಹಾರ—ಸರ್ಪಗಳು, ಗಂಧರ್ವರು, ಪಿತೃಗಳು. ಅದು ನಿಧನ. ಈ ಸಾಮವು ಎಲ್ಲದರಲ್ಲಿಯೂ ಪೋಣಿಸಲ್ಪಟ್ಟಿದೆ.",
      "translator": "Vedyatra working draft (AI)",
      "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
      "status": "machine",
      "statusLabel": "Machine draft"
    },
    {
      "lang": "ml",
      "text": "ത്രയീ വിദ്യ ഹിങ്കാരം; ഈ മൂന്നു ലോകങ്ങളും ഹിങ്കാരം. അത് പ്രസ്താവം—അഗ്നി, വായു, ആദിത്യൻ. അത് ഉദ്ഗീഥം—നക്ഷത്രങ്ങൾ, പക്ഷികൾ, രശ്മികൾ. അത് പ്രതിഹാരം—സർപ്പങ്ങൾ, ഗന്ധർവർ, പിതൃക്കൾ. അത് നിധനം. ഈ സാമം എല്ലാറ്റിലും കോർക്കപ്പെട്ടിരിക്കുന്നു.",
      "translator": "Vedyatra working draft (AI)",
      "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
      "status": "machine",
      "statusLabel": "Machine draft"
    },
    {
      "lang": "bn",
      "text": "ত্রয়ী বিদ্যাই হিঙ্কার; এই তিন লোকই হিঙ্কার। তা প্রস্তাব—অগ্নি, বায়ু, আদিত্য। তা উদ্গীথ—নক্ষত্র, পাখি, রশ্মি। তা প্রতিহার—সর্প, গন্ধর্ব, পিতৃগণ। তা নিধন। এই সাম সবকিছুতে গাঁথা।",
      "translator": "Vedyatra working draft (AI)",
      "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
      "status": "machine",
      "statusLabel": "Machine draft"
    },
    {
      "lang": "mr",
      "text": "त्रयी विद्या हेच हिंकार आहे; हे तीन लोक हिंकार आहेत. ते प्रस्ताव—अग्नी, वायू, आदित्य. ते उद्गीथ—नक्षत्रे, पक्षी, किरणे. ते प्रतिहार—सर्प, गंधर्व, पितर. ते निधन. हे साम सर्वत्र ओवलेले आहे.",
      "translator": "Vedyatra working draft (AI)",
      "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
      "status": "machine",
      "statusLabel": "Machine draft"
    },
    {
      "lang": "gu",
      "text": "ત્રયી વિદ્યા હિંકાર છે; આ ત્રણ લોક હિંકાર છે. તે પ્રસ્તાવ—અગ્નિ, વાયુ, આદિત્ય. તે ઉદ્ગીથ—નક્ષત્રો, પક્ષીઓ, કિરણો. તે પ્રતિહાર—સર્પો, ગંધર્વો, પિતૃઓ. તે નિધન. આ સામ બધામાં પરોવાયેલું છે.",
      "translator": "Vedyatra working draft (AI)",
      "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
      "status": "machine",
      "statusLabel": "Machine draft"
    },
    {
      "lang": "pa",
      "text": "ਤ੍ਰਯੀ ਵਿਦਿਆ ਹਿੰਕਾਰ ਹੈ; ਇਹ ਤਿੰਨ ਲੋਕ ਹਿੰਕਾਰ ਹਨ। ਉਹ ਪ੍ਰਸਤਾਵ ਹੈ—ਅਗਨੀ, ਵਾਯੂ, ਆਦਿੱਤ। ਉਹ ਉਦਗੀਥ ਹੈ—ਨਛੱਤਰ, ਪੰਛੀ, ਕਿਰਨਾਂ। ਉਹ ਪ੍ਰਤਿਹਾਰ ਹੈ—ਸਰਪ, ਗੰਧਰਵ, ਪਿਤਰ। ਉਹ ਨਿਧਨ ਹੈ। ਇਹ ਸਾਮ ਸਭ ਵਿੱਚ ਪਰੋਇਆ ਹੋਇਆ ਹੈ।",
      "translator": "Vedyatra working draft (AI)",
      "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
      "status": "machine",
      "statusLabel": "Machine draft"
    },
    {
      "lang": "or",
      "text": "ତ୍ରୟୀ ବିଦ୍ୟା ହିଙ୍କାର; ଏହି ତିନି ଲୋକ ହିଙ୍କାର। ତାହା ପ୍ରସ୍ତାବ—ଅଗ୍ନି, ବାୟୁ, ଆଦିତ୍ୟ। ତାହା ଉଦ୍‌ଗୀଥ—ନକ୍ଷତ୍ର, ପକ୍ଷୀ, କିରଣ। ତାହା ପ୍ରତିହାର—ସର୍ପ, ଗନ୍ଧର୍ବ, ପିତୃ। ତାହା ନିଧନ। ଏହି ସାମ ସବୁଥିରେ ଗୁନ୍ଥା ହୋଇଛି।",
      "translator": "Vedyatra working draft (AI)",
      "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
      "status": "machine",
      "statusLabel": "Machine draft"
    },
    {
      "lang": "ur",
      "text": "تین وید کا علم ہی ہنکار ہے؛ یہ تین عالم ہنکار ہیں۔ وہ پرستاو ہے—آگ، ہوا، آدتیہ۔ وہ ادگیتھ ہے—ستارے، پرندے، کرنیں۔ وہ پرتیہار ہے—سانپ، گندھرو، پتر۔ وہ ندھن ہے۔ یہ ساما سب میں پرویا ہوا ہے۔",
      "translator": "Vedyatra working draft (AI)",
      "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
      "status": "machine",
      "statusLabel": "Machine draft"
    },
    {
      "lang": "en",
      "text": "The threefold knowledge is the hiṅkāra; these three worlds are the hiṅkāra. That is the prastāva: fire, wind, the sun. That is the udgītha: the stars, the birds, the rays. That is the pratihāra: the serpents, the gandharvas, the fathers. That is the nidhana. This sāman is strung upon everything.",
      "translator": "Vedyatra working draft (AI)",
      "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
      "status": "machine",
      "statusLabel": "Machine draft"
    },
    {
      "lang": "es",
      "text": "El saber triple es el hiṅkāra; estos tres mundos son el hiṅkāra. Eso es el prastāva: fuego, viento, sol. Eso es el udgītha: estrellas, pájaros, rayos. Eso es el pratihāra: serpientes, gandharvas, antepasados. Eso es el nidhana. Este sāman está ensartado en todo.",
      "translator": "Vedyatra working draft (AI)",
      "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
      "status": "machine",
      "statusLabel": "Machine draft"
    },
    {
      "lang": "fr",
      "text": "Le savoir triple est le hiṅkāra ; ces trois mondes sont le hiṅkāra. Cela est le prastāva : feu, vent, soleil. Cela est l'udgītha : étoiles, oiseaux, rayons. Cela est le pratihāra : serpents, gandharvas, ancêtres. Cela est le nidhana. Ce sāman est enfilé dans tout.",
      "translator": "Vedyatra working draft (AI)",
      "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
      "status": "machine",
      "statusLabel": "Machine draft"
    },
    {
      "lang": "de",
      "text": "Das dreifache Wissen ist das hiṅkāra; diese drei Welten sind das hiṅkāra. Das ist das prastāva: Feuer, Wind, Sonne. Das ist das udgītha: Sterne, Vögel, Strahlen. Das ist das pratihāra: Schlangen, Gandharvas, Ahnen. Das ist das nidhana. Dieses sāman ist in alles eingefädelt.",
      "translator": "Vedyatra working draft (AI)",
      "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
      "status": "machine",
      "statusLabel": "Machine draft"
    },
    {
      "lang": "pt",
      "text": "O saber triplo é o hiṅkāra; estes três mundos são o hiṅkāra. Aquilo é o prastāva: fogo, vento, sol. Aquilo é o udgītha: estrelas, pássaros, raios. Aquilo é o pratihāra: serpentes, gandharvas, antepassados. Aquilo é o nidhana. Este sāman está enfiado em tudo.",
      "translator": "Vedyatra working draft (AI)",
      "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
      "status": "machine",
      "statusLabel": "Machine draft"
    },
    {
      "lang": "ru",
      "text": "Тройственное знание — это хинкара; эти три мира — хинкара. Это прастава: огонь, ветер, солнце. Это удгитха: звёзды, птицы, лучи. Это пратихара: змеи, гандхарвы, предки. Это нидхана. Это саман нанизан на всё.",
      "translator": "Vedyatra working draft (AI)",
      "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
      "status": "machine",
      "statusLabel": "Machine draft"
    },
    {
      "lang": "zh",
      "text": "三明之知识是哼唱声(hiṅkāra);这三界即是哼唱声。那是开端(prastāva):火、风、太阳。那是高唱(udgītha):星辰、飞鸟、光线。那是回应(pratihāra):蛇、乾闼婆、祖先。那是结尾(nidhana)。此悉摩串联于一切之中。",
      "translator": "Vedyatra working draft (AI)",
      "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
      "status": "machine",
      "statusLabel": "Machine draft"
    },
    {
      "lang": "ja",
      "text": "三つのヴェーダの知識がヒンカーラであり、これら三つの世界がヒンカーラである。それがプラスタava——火、風、太陽である。それがウドギータ——星々、鳥々、光線である。それがプラティハーラ——蛇、ガンダルヴァ、祖霊である。それがニダナである。このサーマンはすべてに貫かれている。",
      "translator": "Vedyatra working draft (AI)",
      "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
      "status": "machine",
      "statusLabel": "Machine draft"
    },
    {
      "lang": "ar",
      "text": "العلم الثلاثي هو الهِنكارا؛ وهذه العوالم الثلاثة هي الهِنكارا. وذلك هو البْرَستاva: النار والريح والشمس. وذلك هو الأُدْغِيثا: النجوم والطيور والأشعة. وذلك هو البْرَتِيهارا: الثعابين والغاندهاربا والآباء. وذلك هو النِّدهانا. هذا السامان منظوم في كل شيء.",
      "translator": "Vedyatra working draft (AI)",
      "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
      "status": "machine",
      "statusLabel": "Machine draft"
    },
    {
      "lang": "id",
      "text": "Pengetahuan triveda adalah hiṅkāra; tiga dunia ini adalah hiṅkāra. Itu prastāva: api, angin, matahari. Itu udgītha: bintang, burung, sinar. Itu pratihāra: ular, gandharva, leluhur. Itu nidhana. Sāman ini terangkai pada segala sesuatu.",
      "translator": "Vedyatra working draft (AI)",
      "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
      "status": "machine",
      "statusLabel": "Machine draft"
    },
    {
      "lang": "th",
      "text": "วิทยาสามเวท คือ ฮิงการะ และสามโลกนี้ก็คือฮิงการะ ส่วนปรัสตาวะคือ ไฟ ลม และดวงอาทิตย์ อุทคีถะคือ ดาวนักษัตร นก และรังสี ปรติหารคือ งู คนธรรพ์ และบรรพบุรุษ นี่คือนิธนะ สามเวทนี้ร้อยเรียงอยู่ในทุกสิ่ง",
      "translator": "Vedyatra working draft (AI)",
      "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
      "status": "machine",
      "statusLabel": "Machine draft"
    }
  ],
  "commentary": [],
  "source": {
    "edition": "Chāndogya Upaniṣad, Sanskrit Wikisource, page “छान्दोग्योपनिषद्/अध्यायः २” (revision 311182)",
    "license": "Public domain text; Wikisource page CC BY-SA 4.0",
    "url": "https://sa.wikisource.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%9B%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%2F%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%83_%E0%A5%A8&oldid=311182"
  },
  "topics": [
    "sama",
    "threefold-knowledge",
    "cosmos",
    "sacrifice"
  ],
  "citation": "Chāndogya Upaniṣad 2.21.1. Vedyatra, https://vedyatra.org/verses/upanishads/chandogya.2.21.1/"
}