{
  "id": "upanishads/chandogya.2.4.1",
  "url": "https://vedyatra.org/verses/upanishads/chandogya.2.4.1/",
  "work": {
    "key": "upanishads",
    "title": "Upaniṣads"
  },
  "ref": "chandogya.2.4.1",
  "speaker": "Chāndogya Upaniṣad",
  "sanskrit": {
    "text": "सर्वास्वप्सु पञ्चविधꣳ सामोपासीत मेघो यत्संप्लवते स हिङ्कारो यद्वर्षति स प्रस्तावो याः प्राच्यः स्यन्दन्ते स उद्गीथो याः प्रतीच्यः स प्रतिहारः निधनम् ॥ २.४.१ ॥",
    "script": "Deva",
    "accented": false
  },
  "transliteration": {
    "text": "sarvāsvapsu pañcavidhaṃ sāmopāsīta megho yatsaṃplavate sa hiṅkāro yadvarṣati sa prastāvo yāḥ prācyaḥ syandante sa udgītho yāḥ pratīcyaḥ sa pratihāraḥ nidhanam || 2.4.1 ||",
    "scheme": "IAST"
  },
  "words": [
    {
      "word": "sarvāsu",
      "meaning": "in all",
      "lang": "en"
    },
    {
      "word": "apsu",
      "meaning": "waters",
      "lang": "en"
    },
    {
      "word": "pañcavidham",
      "meaning": "fivefold",
      "lang": "en"
    },
    {
      "word": "sāma",
      "meaning": "the sāman chant",
      "lang": "en"
    },
    {
      "word": "upāsīta",
      "meaning": "one should meditate upon",
      "lang": "en"
    },
    {
      "word": "meghaḥ",
      "meaning": "cloud",
      "lang": "en"
    },
    {
      "word": "yat",
      "meaning": "when",
      "lang": "en"
    },
    {
      "word": "saṃplavate",
      "meaning": "gathers, floods together",
      "lang": "en"
    },
    {
      "word": "saḥ",
      "meaning": "that",
      "lang": "en"
    },
    {
      "word": "hiṅkāraḥ",
      "meaning": "the humming (hiṅkāra)",
      "lang": "en"
    },
    {
      "word": "yat",
      "meaning": "when",
      "lang": "en"
    },
    {
      "word": "varṣati",
      "meaning": "it rains",
      "lang": "en"
    },
    {
      "word": "saḥ",
      "meaning": "that",
      "lang": "en"
    },
    {
      "word": "prastāvaḥ",
      "meaning": "the prelude (prastāva)",
      "lang": "en"
    },
    {
      "word": "yāḥ",
      "meaning": "which",
      "lang": "en"
    },
    {
      "word": "prācyaḥ",
      "meaning": "eastward",
      "lang": "en"
    },
    {
      "word": "syandante",
      "meaning": "flow",
      "lang": "en"
    },
    {
      "word": "saḥ",
      "meaning": "that",
      "lang": "en"
    },
    {
      "word": "udgīthaḥ",
      "meaning": "the chant (udgītha)",
      "lang": "en"
    },
    {
      "word": "yāḥ",
      "meaning": "which",
      "lang": "en"
    },
    {
      "word": "pratīcyaḥ",
      "meaning": "westward",
      "lang": "en"
    },
    {
      "word": "saḥ",
      "meaning": "that",
      "lang": "en"
    },
    {
      "word": "pratihāraḥ",
      "meaning": "the response (pratihāra)",
      "lang": "en"
    },
    {
      "word": "nidhanam",
      "meaning": "the closing portion (nidhana)",
      "lang": "en"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "lang": "hi",
      "text": "सभी जलों में पाँच प्रकार के साम की उपासना करनी चाहिए। जब मेघ एकत्र होता है, वह हिङ्कार है; जब वह बरसता है, वह प्रस्ताव है; जो नदियाँ पूर्व की ओर बहती हैं, वह उद्गीथ है; जो पश्चिम की ओर बहती हैं, वह प्रतिहार है; वह निधन है।",
      "translator": "Vedyatra working draft (AI)",
      "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
      "status": "machine",
      "statusLabel": "Machine draft"
    },
    {
      "lang": "ta",
      "text": "எல்லா நீர்களிலும் ஐந்து வகை சாமத்தை உபாசிக்க வேண்டும். மேகம் ஒன்று சேரும்போது அது ஹிங்காரம்; அது மழை பொழியும்போது அது பிரஸ்தாவம்; கிழக்கு நோக்கி ஓடும் நதிகள் அது உத்கீதம்; மேற்கு நோக்கி ஓடும் நதிகள் அது பிரதிஹாரம்; அதுவே நிதனம்.",
      "translator": "Vedyatra working draft (AI)",
      "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
      "status": "machine",
      "statusLabel": "Machine draft"
    },
    {
      "lang": "te",
      "text": "అన్ని జలాలలో పంచవిధమైన సామాన్ని ఉపాసించాలి. మేఘం కూడినప్పుడు అది హింకారం; అది వర్షించినప్పుడు అది ప్రస్తావం; తూర్పు వైపు ప్రవహించే నదులు ఉద్గీథం; పడమర వైపు ప్రవహించేవి ప్రతిహారం; అదే నిధనం.",
      "translator": "Vedyatra working draft (AI)",
      "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
      "status": "machine",
      "statusLabel": "Machine draft"
    },
    {
      "lang": "kn",
      "text": "ಎಲ್ಲ ನೀರುಗಳಲ್ಲಿ ಪಂಚವಿಧ ಸಾಮವನ್ನು ಉಪಾಸಿಸಬೇಕು. ಮೇಘ ಕೂಡಿದಾಗ ಅದು ಹಿಂಕಾರ; ಅದು ಮಳೆ ಸುರಿಸಿದಾಗ ಅದು ಪ್ರಸ್ತಾವ; ಪೂರ್ವಕ್ಕೆ ಹರಿಯುವ ನದಿಗಳು ಉದ್ಗೀಥ; ಪಶ್ಚಿಮಕ್ಕೆ ಹರಿಯುವವು ಪ್ರತಿಹಾರ; ಅದೇ ನಿಧನ.",
      "translator": "Vedyatra working draft (AI)",
      "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
      "status": "machine",
      "statusLabel": "Machine draft"
    },
    {
      "lang": "ml",
      "text": "എല്ലാ ജലങ്ങളിലും പഞ്ചവിധമായ സാമത്തെ ഉപാസിക്കണം. മേഘം ഒന്നിച്ചുചേരുമ്പോൾ അത് ഹിങ്കാരം; അത് വർഷിക്കുമ്പോൾ അത് പ്രസ്താവം; കിഴക്കോട്ട് ഒഴുകുന്ന നദികൾ ഉദ്ഗീഥം; പടിഞ്ഞാറോട്ട് ഒഴുകുന്നവ പ്രതിഹാരം; അതാണ് നിധനം.",
      "translator": "Vedyatra working draft (AI)",
      "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
      "status": "machine",
      "statusLabel": "Machine draft"
    },
    {
      "lang": "bn",
      "text": "সমস্ত জলে পঞ্চবিধ সাম উপাসনা করা উচিত। মেঘ একত্রিত হলে তা হিঙ্কার; বৃষ্টি বর্ষণ করলে তা প্রস্তাব; পূর্বমুখে প্রবাহিত নদীগুলি উদ্গীথ; পশ্চিমমুখী নদীগুলি প্রতিহার; তা-ই নিধন।",
      "translator": "Vedyatra working draft (AI)",
      "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
      "status": "machine",
      "statusLabel": "Machine draft"
    },
    {
      "lang": "mr",
      "text": "सर्व पाण्यांमध्ये पाच प्रकारच्या सामाची उपासना करावी. मेघ एकत्र येतो तो हिङ्कार; तो पाऊस पाडतो तो प्रस्ताव; पूर्वेकडे वाहणाऱ्या नद्या तो उद्गीथ; पश्चिमेकडे वाहणाऱ्या तो प्रतिहार; तेच निधन.",
      "translator": "Vedyatra working draft (AI)",
      "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
      "status": "machine",
      "statusLabel": "Machine draft"
    },
    {
      "lang": "gu",
      "text": "સર્વ જળોમાં પંચવિધ સામની ઉપાસના કરવી. મેઘ એકઠો થાય તે હિંકાર; વરસે તે પ્રસ્તાવ; પૂર્વ તરફ વહેતી નદીઓ તે ઉદ્ગીથ; પશ્ચિમ તરફ વહેતી તે પ્રતિહાર; તે જ નિધન.",
      "translator": "Vedyatra working draft (AI)",
      "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
      "status": "machine",
      "statusLabel": "Machine draft"
    },
    {
      "lang": "pa",
      "text": "ਸਾਰੇ ਜਲਾਂ ਵਿੱਚ ਪੰਜ ਪ੍ਰਕਾਰ ਦੇ ਸਾਮ ਦੀ ਉਪਾਸਨਾ ਕਰਨੀ ਚਾਹੀਦੀ ਹੈ। ਜਦੋਂ ਬੱਦਲ ਇਕੱਠਾ ਹੁੰਦਾ ਹੈ ਉਹ ਹਿੰਕਾਰ ਹੈ; ਜਦੋਂ ਵਰ੍ਹਦਾ ਹੈ ਉਹ ਪ੍ਰਸਤਾਵ ਹੈ; ਪੂਰਬ ਵੱਲ ਵਗਦੀਆਂ ਨਦੀਆਂ ਉਦ੍ਗੀਥ ਹਨ; ਪੱਛਮ ਵੱਲ ਵਗਦੀਆਂ ਪ੍ਰਤਿਹਾਰ; ਉਹੀ ਨਿਧਨ ਹੈ।",
      "translator": "Vedyatra working draft (AI)",
      "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
      "status": "machine",
      "statusLabel": "Machine draft"
    },
    {
      "lang": "or",
      "text": "ସମସ୍ତ ଜଳରେ ପଞ୍ଚବିଧ ସାମର ଉପାସନା କରିବା ଉଚିତ। ମେଘ ଏକତ୍ର ହେଲେ ତାହା ହିଙ୍କାର; ବର୍ଷା କଲେ ତାହା ପ୍ରସ୍ତାବ; ପୂର୍ବକୁ ବହୁଥିବା ନଦୀ ଉଦ୍ଗୀଥ; ପଶ୍ଚିମକୁ ବହୁଥିବା ପ୍ରତିହାର; ତାହା ହିଁ ନିଧନ।",
      "translator": "Vedyatra working draft (AI)",
      "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
      "status": "machine",
      "statusLabel": "Machine draft"
    },
    {
      "lang": "ur",
      "text": "تمام پانیوں میں پانچ قسم کے سام کی عبادت کرنی چاہیے۔ جب بادل جمع ہوتا ہے وہ ہِنکار ہے؛ جب وہ برستا ہے وہ پرستاو ہے؛ جو دریا مشرق کی طرف بہتے ہیں وہ اُدگیتھ ہیں؛ جو مغرب کی طرف بہتے ہیں وہ پرتیہار ہیں؛ وہی نِدھن ہے۔",
      "translator": "Vedyatra working draft (AI)",
      "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
      "status": "machine",
      "statusLabel": "Machine draft"
    },
    {
      "lang": "en",
      "text": "One should meditate on the fivefold sāman in all waters: when the cloud gathers, that is the hiṅkāra; when it rains, that is the prastāva; the rivers flowing eastward are the udgītha; those flowing westward are the pratihāra; that is the nidhana.",
      "translator": "Vedyatra working draft (AI)",
      "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
      "status": "machine",
      "statusLabel": "Machine draft"
    },
    {
      "lang": "es",
      "text": "Debe meditarse el sāman quíntuple en todas las aguas: cuando la nube se junta, eso es el hiṅkāra; cuando llueve, eso es el prastāva; los ríos que fluyen hacia el este son el udgītha; los que fluyen hacia el oeste son el pratihāra; eso es el nidhana.",
      "translator": "Vedyatra working draft (AI)",
      "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
      "status": "machine",
      "statusLabel": "Machine draft"
    },
    {
      "lang": "fr",
      "text": "On doit méditer le sāman à cinq parties dans toutes les eaux : quand le nuage se rassemble, c'est le hiṅkāra ; quand il pleut, c'est le prastāva ; les fleuves qui coulent vers l'est sont l'udgītha ; ceux qui coulent vers l'ouest sont le pratihāra ; cela est le nidhana.",
      "translator": "Vedyatra working draft (AI)",
      "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
      "status": "machine",
      "statusLabel": "Machine draft"
    },
    {
      "lang": "de",
      "text": "Man soll das fünffache Sāman in allen Gewässern meditieren: Wenn sich die Wolke sammelt, ist das hiṅkāra; wenn sie regnet, ist das prastāva; die nach Osten fließenden Flüsse sind udgītha; die nach Westen fließenden pratihāra; das ist das nidhana.",
      "translator": "Vedyatra working draft (AI)",
      "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
      "status": "machine",
      "statusLabel": "Machine draft"
    },
    {
      "lang": "pt",
      "text": "Deve-se meditar o sāman quíntuplo em todas as águas: quando a nuvem se reúne, isso é o hiṅkāra; quando chove, isso é o prastāva; os rios que correm para o leste são o udgītha; os que correm para o oeste são o pratihāra; isso é o nidhana.",
      "translator": "Vedyatra working draft (AI)",
      "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
      "status": "machine",
      "statusLabel": "Machine draft"
    },
    {
      "lang": "ru",
      "text": "Следует медитировать на пятеричное сама во всех водах: когда собирается облако, это хинкара; когда идёт дождь, это прастава; реки, текущие на восток, — удгитха; текущие на запад — пратихара; это и есть нидхана.",
      "translator": "Vedyatra working draft (AI)",
      "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
      "status": "machine",
      "statusLabel": "Machine draft"
    },
    {
      "lang": "zh",
      "text": "应于一切水中修习五分娑摩：云聚集时即是嗡嗡之声（hiṅkāra）；降雨时即是序曲（prastāva）；向东流的河流是高声（udgītha）；向西流的是应答（pratihāra）；那便是尼陀那（nidhana）。",
      "translator": "Vedyatra working draft (AI)",
      "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
      "status": "machine",
      "statusLabel": "Machine draft"
    },
    {
      "lang": "ja",
      "text": "すべての水において五分のサーマを念想すべきである。雲が集まるとき、それはヒンカーラ。雨が降るとき、それはプラスターヴァ。東へ流れる川はウドギータ、西へ流れるものはプラティハーラ。それがニダーナである。",
      "translator": "Vedyatra working draft (AI)",
      "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
      "status": "machine",
      "statusLabel": "Machine draft"
    },
    {
      "lang": "ar",
      "text": "ينبغي التأمل في السامان الخماسي في جميع المياه: حين يتجمع السحاب فذلك الهينكارا؛ وحين يمطر فذلك البرستافا؛ والأنهار الجارية شرقًا هي الأودغيثا؛ والجارية غربًا هي البراتيهارا؛ وذلك النيدهانا.",
      "translator": "Vedyatra working draft (AI)",
      "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
      "status": "machine",
      "statusLabel": "Machine draft"
    },
    {
      "lang": "id",
      "text": "Seseorang hendaknya bermeditasi pada sāman lima bagian dalam semua air: ketika awan berkumpul, itulah hiṅkāra; ketika hujan turun, itulah prastāva; sungai-sungai yang mengalir ke timur adalah udgītha; yang mengalir ke barat adalah pratihāra; itulah nidhana.",
      "translator": "Vedyatra working draft (AI)",
      "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
      "status": "machine",
      "statusLabel": "Machine draft"
    },
    {
      "lang": "th",
      "text": "พึงเจริญสามันห้าส่วนในน้ำทั้งปวง เมื่อเมฆก่อตัวขึ้น นั่นคือหิงการะ เมื่อฝนตก นั่นคือประสตาวะ แม่น้ำที่ไหลไปทางทิศตะวันออกคืออุทคีถะ ที่ไหลไปทางทิศตะวันตกคือประติหาระ นั่นคือนิธนะ",
      "translator": "Vedyatra working draft (AI)",
      "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
      "status": "machine",
      "statusLabel": "Machine draft"
    }
  ],
  "commentary": [],
  "source": {
    "edition": "Chāndogya Upaniṣad, Sanskrit Wikisource, page “छान्दोग्योपनिषद्/अध्यायः २” (revision 311182)",
    "license": "Public domain text; Wikisource page CC BY-SA 4.0",
    "url": "https://sa.wikisource.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%9B%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%2F%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%83_%E0%A5%A8&oldid=311182"
  },
  "topics": [
    "sama",
    "water",
    "meditation"
  ],
  "citation": "Chāndogya Upaniṣad 2.4.1. Vedyatra, https://vedyatra.org/verses/upanishads/chandogya.2.4.1/"
}