{
  "id": "upanishads/chandogya.2.8.1",
  "url": "https://vedyatra.org/verses/upanishads/chandogya.2.8.1/",
  "work": {
    "key": "upanishads",
    "title": "Upaniṣads"
  },
  "ref": "chandogya.2.8.1",
  "speaker": "Chāndogya Upaniṣad",
  "sanskrit": {
    "text": "अथ सप्तविधस्य वाचि सप्तविधꣳसामोपासीत यत्किञ्च वाचो हुमिति स हिङ्कारो यत्प्रेति स प्रस्तावो यदेति स आदिः ॥ २.८.१ ॥",
    "script": "Deva",
    "accented": false
  },
  "transliteration": {
    "text": "atha saptavidhasya vāci saptavidhaṃsāmopāsīta yatkiñca vāco humiti sa hiṅkāro yatpreti sa prastāvo yadeti sa ādiḥ || 2.8.1 ||",
    "scheme": "IAST"
  },
  "words": [
    {
      "word": "atha",
      "meaning": "now",
      "lang": "en"
    },
    {
      "word": "saptavidhasya",
      "meaning": "of the sevenfold",
      "lang": "en"
    },
    {
      "word": "vāci",
      "meaning": "in speech",
      "lang": "en"
    },
    {
      "word": "saptavidham",
      "meaning": "sevenfold",
      "lang": "en"
    },
    {
      "word": "sāma",
      "meaning": "sāman chant",
      "lang": "en"
    },
    {
      "word": "upāsīta",
      "meaning": "one should meditate upon",
      "lang": "en"
    },
    {
      "word": "yat",
      "meaning": "whatever",
      "lang": "en"
    },
    {
      "word": "kiñca",
      "meaning": "any",
      "lang": "en"
    },
    {
      "word": "vācas",
      "meaning": "of speech",
      "lang": "en"
    },
    {
      "word": "hum",
      "meaning": "the sound hum",
      "lang": "en"
    },
    {
      "word": "iti",
      "meaning": "thus",
      "lang": "en"
    },
    {
      "word": "sa",
      "meaning": "that",
      "lang": "en"
    },
    {
      "word": "hiṅkāras",
      "meaning": "the hiṅkāra",
      "lang": "en"
    },
    {
      "word": "yat",
      "meaning": "which",
      "lang": "en"
    },
    {
      "word": "prā",
      "meaning": "pra (forward)",
      "lang": "en"
    },
    {
      "word": "iti",
      "meaning": "thus",
      "lang": "en"
    },
    {
      "word": "sa",
      "meaning": "that",
      "lang": "en"
    },
    {
      "word": "prastāvas",
      "meaning": "the prastāva",
      "lang": "en"
    },
    {
      "word": "yat",
      "meaning": "which",
      "lang": "en"
    },
    {
      "word": "ā",
      "meaning": "ā (toward)",
      "lang": "en"
    },
    {
      "word": "iti",
      "meaning": "thus",
      "lang": "en"
    },
    {
      "word": "sa",
      "meaning": "that",
      "lang": "en"
    },
    {
      "word": "ādis",
      "meaning": "the beginning (ādi)",
      "lang": "en"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "lang": "hi",
      "text": "अब सप्तविध (साम) के विषय में, वाणी में सात प्रकार के साम की उपासना करनी चाहिए। वाणी का जो कुछ 'हुम्' है, वह हिंकार है; जो 'प्र' है, वह प्रस्ताव है; जो 'आ' है, वह आदि है।",
      "translator": "Vedyatra working draft (AI)",
      "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
      "status": "machine",
      "statusLabel": "Machine draft"
    },
    {
      "lang": "ta",
      "text": "இனி ஏழு வகை சாமத்தை வாக்கில் உபாசிக்க வேண்டும். வாக்கின் எது 'ஹும்' என்பதோ அது ஹிங்காரம்; எது 'ப்ர' என்பதோ அது பிரஸ்தாவம்; எது 'ஆ' என்பதோ அது ஆதி.",
      "translator": "Vedyatra working draft (AI)",
      "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
      "status": "machine",
      "statusLabel": "Machine draft"
    },
    {
      "lang": "te",
      "text": "ఇప్పుడు ఏడు విధాల సామాన్ని వాక్కులో ఉపాసించాలి. వాక్కులోని 'హుమ్' అనేది హింకారం; 'ప్ర' అనేది ప్రస్తావం; 'ఆ' అనేది ఆది.",
      "translator": "Vedyatra working draft (AI)",
      "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
      "status": "machine",
      "statusLabel": "Machine draft"
    },
    {
      "lang": "kn",
      "text": "ಈಗ ಏಳು ವಿಧದ ಸಾಮವನ್ನು ವಾಕ್ಯದಲ್ಲಿ ಉಪಾಸಿಸಬೇಕು. ವಾಚಿನ ಯಾವುದು 'ಹುಮ್' ಎನ್ನುವುದೋ ಅದು ಹಿಂಕಾರ; ಯಾವುದು 'ಪ್ರ' ಎನ್ನುವುದೋ ಅದು ಪ್ರಸ್ತಾವ; ಯಾವುದು 'ಆ' ಎನ್ನುವುದೋ ಅದು ಆದಿ.",
      "translator": "Vedyatra working draft (AI)",
      "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
      "status": "machine",
      "statusLabel": "Machine draft"
    },
    {
      "lang": "ml",
      "text": "ഇനി ഏഴുവിധ സാമത്തെ വാക്കിൽ ഉപാസിക്കണം. വാക്കിലെ 'ഹും' എന്നത് ഹിങ്കാരമാണ്; 'പ്ര' എന്നത് പ്രസ്താവമാണ്; 'ആ' എന്നത് ആദിയാണ്.",
      "translator": "Vedyatra working draft (AI)",
      "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
      "status": "machine",
      "statusLabel": "Machine draft"
    },
    {
      "lang": "bn",
      "text": "এখন সপ্তবিধ সামকে বাক্যে উপাসনা করা উচিত। বাক্যের যা 'হুম্' তা হিংকার; যা 'প্র' তা প্রস্তাব; যা 'আ' তা আদি।",
      "translator": "Vedyatra working draft (AI)",
      "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
      "status": "machine",
      "statusLabel": "Machine draft"
    },
    {
      "lang": "mr",
      "text": "आता सप्तविध साम वाणीमध्ये उपासावे. वाणीतील जे 'हुम्' ते हिंकार; जे 'प्र' ते प्रस्ताव; जे 'आ' ते आदि.",
      "translator": "Vedyatra working draft (AI)",
      "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
      "status": "machine",
      "statusLabel": "Machine draft"
    },
    {
      "lang": "gu",
      "text": "હવે સપ્તવિધ સામની વાણીમાં ઉપાસના કરવી જોઈએ. વાણીનું જે 'હુમ્' તે હિંકાર; જે 'પ્ર' તે પ્રસ્તાવ; જે 'આ' તે આદિ.",
      "translator": "Vedyatra working draft (AI)",
      "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
      "status": "machine",
      "statusLabel": "Machine draft"
    },
    {
      "lang": "pa",
      "text": "ਹੁਣ ਸਪਤਵਿਧ ਸਾਮ ਦੀ ਵਾਣੀ ਵਿੱਚ ਉਪਾਸਨਾ ਕਰਨੀ ਚਾਹੀਦੀ ਹੈ। ਵਾਣੀ ਦਾ ਜੋ 'ਹੁਮ੍' ਹੈ ਉਹ ਹਿੰਕਾਰ ਹੈ; ਜੋ 'ਪ੍ਰ' ਹੈ ਉਹ ਪ੍ਰਸਤਾਵ ਹੈ; ਜੋ 'ਆ' ਹੈ ਉਹ ਆਦਿ ਹੈ।",
      "translator": "Vedyatra working draft (AI)",
      "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
      "status": "machine",
      "statusLabel": "Machine draft"
    },
    {
      "lang": "or",
      "text": "ଏବେ ସପ୍ତବିଧ ସାମକୁ ବାକ୍‌ରେ ଉପାସନା କରିବା ଉଚିତ। ବାକ୍‌ର ଯାହା 'ହୁମ୍' ତାହା ହିଙ୍କାର; ଯାହା 'ପ୍ର' ତାହା ପ୍ରସ୍ତାବ; ଯାହା 'ଆ' ତାହା ଆଦି।",
      "translator": "Vedyatra working draft (AI)",
      "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
      "status": "machine",
      "statusLabel": "Machine draft"
    },
    {
      "lang": "ur",
      "text": "اب ساتھ قسم کے ساما کو کلام میں عبادت کرنی چاہیے۔ کلام کا جو 'ہم' ہے وہ ہِنکار ہے؛ جو 'پر' ہے وہ پرستاو ہے؛ جو 'آ' ہے وہ آدی ہے۔",
      "translator": "Vedyatra working draft (AI)",
      "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
      "status": "machine",
      "statusLabel": "Machine draft"
    },
    {
      "lang": "en",
      "text": "Now one should meditate on the sevenfold sāman in speech. Whatever in speech is the sound hum, that is the hiṅkāra; what is pra, that is the prastāva; what is ā, that is the ādi.",
      "translator": "Vedyatra working draft (AI)",
      "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
      "status": "machine",
      "statusLabel": "Machine draft"
    },
    {
      "lang": "es",
      "text": "Ahora se debe meditar en el sāman sétuple en el habla. Lo que en el habla es el sonido hum, eso es el hiṅkāra; lo que es pra, eso es el prastāva; lo que es ā, eso es el ādi.",
      "translator": "Vedyatra working draft (AI)",
      "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
      "status": "machine",
      "statusLabel": "Machine draft"
    },
    {
      "lang": "fr",
      "text": "Maintenant, on doit méditer le sāman septuple dans la parole. Ce qui, dans la parole, est le son hum, c'est le hiṅkāra; ce qui est pra, c'est le prastāva; ce qui est ā, c'est l'ādi.",
      "translator": "Vedyatra working draft (AI)",
      "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
      "status": "machine",
      "statusLabel": "Machine draft"
    },
    {
      "lang": "de",
      "text": "Nun soll man das siebenfache sāman in der Rede verehren. Was in der Rede das Wort hum ist, das ist das hiṅkāra; was pra ist, das ist das prastāva; was ā ist, das ist das ādi.",
      "translator": "Vedyatra working draft (AI)",
      "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
      "status": "machine",
      "statusLabel": "Machine draft"
    },
    {
      "lang": "pt",
      "text": "Agora deve-se meditar sobre o sāman séptuplo na fala. O que na fala é o som hum, isso é o hiṅkāra; o que é pra, isso é o prastāva; o que é ā, isso é o ādi.",
      "translator": "Vedyatra working draft (AI)",
      "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
      "status": "machine",
      "statusLabel": "Machine draft"
    },
    {
      "lang": "ru",
      "text": "Теперь следует почитать семеричное сама в речи. То, что в речи есть звук хум, — это хинкара; то, что пра, — это прастава; то, что а, — это ади.",
      "translator": "Vedyatra working draft (AI)",
      "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
      "status": "machine",
      "statusLabel": "Machine draft"
    },
    {
      "lang": "zh",
      "text": "今应于言语中修习七种娑摩。言语中之“呼姆”即是呼音（hiṅkāra）；“普拉”即是前导（prastāva）；“阿”即是始（ādi）。",
      "translator": "Vedyatra working draft (AI)",
      "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
      "status": "machine",
      "statusLabel": "Machine draft"
    },
    {
      "lang": "ja",
      "text": "次に、七種のサーマンを言葉において observe すべきである。言葉の「フム」は詠唱の始め（ヒンカーラ）、「プラ」はプラスターヴァ、「ア」はアーディである。",
      "translator": "Vedyatra working draft (AI)",
      "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
      "status": "machine",
      "statusLabel": "Machine draft"
    },
    {
      "lang": "ar",
      "text": "ثم ينبغي التعبد بالسامان السباعي في الكلام. فما في الكلام من صوت «هُم» فهو الهِنكارا؛ وما هو «برا» فهو البرَستافا؛ وما هو «آ» فهو الآدي.",
      "translator": "Vedyatra working draft (AI)",
      "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
      "status": "machine",
      "statusLabel": "Machine draft"
    },
    {
      "lang": "id",
      "text": "Kemudian hendaklah memuja sāman tujuh jenis dalam ucapan. Apa pun dalam ucapan yang berupa bunyi hum, itulah hiṅkāra; yang pra, itulah prastāva; yang ā, itulah ādi.",
      "translator": "Vedyatra working draft (AI)",
      "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
      "status": "machine",
      "statusLabel": "Machine draft"
    },
    {
      "lang": "th",
      "text": "ต่อไปนี้ ผู้ใดควรอุปาสนาสามเวทเจ็ดประการในวาจา สิ่งใดในวาจาที่เป็นเสียงหุม นั่นคือหิงการ สิ่งใดที่เป็นประ นั่นคือประสตาวะ สิ่งใดที่เป็นอา นั่นคืออาทิ",
      "translator": "Vedyatra working draft (AI)",
      "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
      "status": "machine",
      "statusLabel": "Machine draft"
    }
  ],
  "commentary": [],
  "source": {
    "edition": "Chāndogya Upaniṣad, Sanskrit Wikisource, page “छान्दोग्योपनिषद्/अध्यायः २” (revision 311182)",
    "license": "Public domain text; Wikisource page CC BY-SA 4.0",
    "url": "https://sa.wikisource.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%9B%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%2F%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%83_%E0%A5%A8&oldid=311182"
  },
  "topics": [
    "vak",
    "sama",
    "upasana",
    "speech"
  ],
  "citation": "Chāndogya Upaniṣad 2.8.1. Vedyatra, https://vedyatra.org/verses/upanishads/chandogya.2.8.1/"
}