{
  "id": "upanishads/mundaka.1.1.5",
  "url": "https://vedyatra.org/verses/upanishads/mundaka.1.1.5/",
  "work": {
    "key": "upanishads",
    "title": "Upaniṣads"
  },
  "ref": "mundaka.1.1.5",
  "speaker": "Muṇḍaka Upaniṣad",
  "sanskrit": {
    "text": "तत्रापरा ऋग्वेदो यजुर्वेदः सामवेदोऽथर्ववेदः\nशिक्षा कल्पो व्याकरणं निरुक्तं छन्दो ज्योतिषमिति ।\nअथ परा यया तदक्षरमधिगम्यते ॥ १.१.५ ॥",
    "script": "Deva",
    "accented": false
  },
  "transliteration": {
    "text": "tatrāparā ṛgvedo yajurvedaḥ sāmavedo'tharvavedaḥ\nśikṣā kalpo vyākaraṇaṃ niruktaṃ chando jyotiṣamiti |\natha parā yayā tadakṣaramadhigamyate || 1.1.5 ||",
    "scheme": "IAST"
  },
  "words": [
    {
      "word": "tatra",
      "meaning": "there, of these",
      "lang": "en"
    },
    {
      "word": "aparā",
      "meaning": "lower (knowledge)",
      "lang": "en"
    },
    {
      "word": "ṛgveda",
      "meaning": "Rig Veda",
      "lang": "en"
    },
    {
      "word": "yajurveda",
      "meaning": "Yajur Veda",
      "lang": "en"
    },
    {
      "word": "sāmaveda",
      "meaning": "Sama Veda",
      "lang": "en"
    },
    {
      "word": "atharvaveda",
      "meaning": "Atharva Veda",
      "lang": "en"
    },
    {
      "word": "śikṣā",
      "meaning": "phonetics",
      "lang": "en"
    },
    {
      "word": "kalpa",
      "meaning": "ritual rules",
      "lang": "en"
    },
    {
      "word": "vyākaraṇam",
      "meaning": "grammar",
      "lang": "en"
    },
    {
      "word": "nirukta",
      "meaning": "etymology",
      "lang": "en"
    },
    {
      "word": "chandas",
      "meaning": "metre",
      "lang": "en"
    },
    {
      "word": "jyotiṣam",
      "meaning": "astronomy",
      "lang": "en"
    },
    {
      "word": "iti",
      "meaning": "thus",
      "lang": "en"
    },
    {
      "word": "atha",
      "meaning": "now",
      "lang": "en"
    },
    {
      "word": "parā",
      "meaning": "higher (knowledge)",
      "lang": "en"
    },
    {
      "word": "yayā",
      "meaning": "by which",
      "lang": "en"
    },
    {
      "word": "tat",
      "meaning": "that",
      "lang": "en"
    },
    {
      "word": "akṣaram",
      "meaning": "the imperishable",
      "lang": "en"
    },
    {
      "word": "adhigamyate",
      "meaning": "is attained",
      "lang": "en"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "lang": "hi",
      "text": "वहाँ अपरा विद्या ऋग्वेद, यजुर्वेद, सामवेद और अथर्ववेद है, तथा शिक्षा, कल्प, व्याकरण, निरुक्त, छन्द और ज्योतिष है। और परा विद्या वह है जिससे वह अक्षर प्राप्त किया जाता है।",
      "translator": "Vedyatra working draft (AI)",
      "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
      "status": "machine",
      "statusLabel": "Machine draft"
    },
    {
      "lang": "ta",
      "text": "அவற்றுள் அபரா வித்தை ரிக்வேதம், யஜுர்வேதம், சாமவேதம், அதர்வவேதம், மற்றும் சிக்ஷை, கல்பம், வியாகரணம், நிருக்தம், சந்தஸ், ஜ்யோதிஷம் ஆகியவை. பரா வித்தையோ அதனால் அந்த அழியாத பிரம்மம் அடையப்படுகிறது.",
      "translator": "Vedyatra working draft (AI)",
      "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
      "status": "machine",
      "statusLabel": "Machine draft"
    },
    {
      "lang": "te",
      "text": "అందులో అపర విద్య ఋగ్వేదం, యజుర్వేదం, సామవేదం, అథర్వవేదం, మరియు శిక్ష, కల్పం, వ్యాకరణం, నిరుక్తం, ఛందస్సు, జ్యోతిషం. పర విద్య అనేది దాని ద్వారా ఆ అక్షరం పొందబడుతుంది.",
      "translator": "Vedyatra working draft (AI)",
      "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
      "status": "machine",
      "statusLabel": "Machine draft"
    },
    {
      "lang": "kn",
      "text": "ಅವುಗಳಲ್ಲಿ ಅಪರಾ ವಿದ್ಯೆ ಋಗ್ವೇದ, ಯಜುರ್ವೇದ, ಸಾಮವೇದ, ಅಥರ್ವವೇದ, ಮತ್ತು ಶಿಕ್ಷೆ, ಕಲ್ಪ, ವ್ಯಾಕರಣ, ನಿರುಕ್ತ, ಛಂದಸ್ಸು, ಜ್ಯೋತಿಷ. ಪರಾ ವಿದ್ಯೆಯೆಂದರೆ ಆ ಅಕ್ಷರವನ್ನು ಅದರಿಂದ ಪಡೆಯಲಾಗುತ್ತದೆ.",
      "translator": "Vedyatra working draft (AI)",
      "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
      "status": "machine",
      "statusLabel": "Machine draft"
    },
    {
      "lang": "ml",
      "text": "അവയിൽ അപരാ വിദ്യ ഋഗ്വേദം, യജുർവേദം, സാമവേദം, അഥർവവേദം, ശിക്ഷ, കല്പം, വ്യാകരണം, നിരുക്തം, ഛന്ദസ്സ്, ജ്യോതിഷം എന്നിവയാണ്. പരാ വിദ്യയോ അതുമൂലം ആ അക്ഷരം പ്രാപിക്കപ്പെടുന്നു.",
      "translator": "Vedyatra working draft (AI)",
      "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
      "status": "machine",
      "statusLabel": "Machine draft"
    },
    {
      "lang": "bn",
      "text": "তার মধ্যে অপরা বিদ্যা হলো ঋগ্বেদ, যজুর্বেদ, সামবেদ, অথর্ববেদ, এবং শিক্ষা, কল্প, ব্যাকরণ, নিরুক্ত, ছন্দ, জ্যোতিষ। আর পরা বিদ্যা হলো যার দ্বারা সেই অক্ষর লাভ করা যায়।",
      "translator": "Vedyatra working draft (AI)",
      "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
      "status": "machine",
      "statusLabel": "Machine draft"
    },
    {
      "lang": "mr",
      "text": "त्यांपैकी अपरा विद्या म्हणजे ऋग्वेद, यजुर्वेद, सामवेद, अथर्ववेद, तसेच शिक्षा, कल्प, व्याकरण, निरुक्त, छंद आणि ज्योतिष. परा विद्या ती आहे जिच्याद्वारे ते अक्षर प्राप्त होते.",
      "translator": "Vedyatra working draft (AI)",
      "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
      "status": "machine",
      "statusLabel": "Machine draft"
    },
    {
      "lang": "gu",
      "text": "તેમાં અપરા વિદ્યા ઋગ્વેદ, યજુર્વેદ, સામવેદ, અથર્વવેદ, તથા શિક્ષા, કલ્પ, વ્યાકરણ, નિરુક્ત, છંદ અને જ્યોતિષ છે. પરા વિદ્યા તે છે જેના દ્વારા તે અક્ષર પ્રાપ્ત થાય છે.",
      "translator": "Vedyatra working draft (AI)",
      "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
      "status": "machine",
      "statusLabel": "Machine draft"
    },
    {
      "lang": "pa",
      "text": "ਇਨ੍ਹਾਂ ਵਿੱਚ ਅਪਰਾ ਵਿਦਿਆ ਹੈ ਰਿਗਵੇਦ, ਯਜੁਰਵੇਦ, ਸਾਮਵੇਦ, ਅਥਰਵਵੇਦ, ਅਤੇ ਸ਼ਿਕਸ਼ਾ, ਕਲਪ, ਵਿਆਕਰਣ, ਨਿਰੁਕਤ, ਛੰਦ, ਜੋਤਿਸ਼। ਪਰਾ ਵਿਦਿਆ ਉਹ ਹੈ ਜਿਸ ਨਾਲ ਉਹ ਅਕਸ਼ਰ ਪ੍ਰਾਪਤ ਹੁੰਦਾ ਹੈ।",
      "translator": "Vedyatra working draft (AI)",
      "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
      "status": "machine",
      "statusLabel": "Machine draft"
    },
    {
      "lang": "or",
      "text": "ସେଥିମଧ୍ୟରେ ଅପରା ବିଦ୍ୟା ହେଉଛି ଋଗ୍ବେଦ, ଯଜୁର୍ବେଦ, ସାମବେଦ, ଅଥର୍ବବେଦ, ଏବଂ ଶିକ୍ଷା, କଳ୍ପ, ବ୍ୟାକରଣ, ନିରୁକ୍ତ, ଛନ୍ଦ, ଜ୍ୟୋତିଷ। ପରା ବିଦ୍ୟା ହେଉଛି ଯଦ୍ଦ୍ୱାରା ସେହି ଅକ୍ଷର ଲାଭ ହୁଏ।",
      "translator": "Vedyatra working draft (AI)",
      "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
      "status": "machine",
      "statusLabel": "Machine draft"
    },
    {
      "lang": "ur",
      "text": "ان میں اپرا ودیا رگ وید، یجر وید، سام وید، اتھرو وید، اور شکشا، کلپ، ویاکرن، نروکت، چھند اور جیوتش ہے۔ پرا ودیا وہ ہے جس سے وہ لافانی حقیقت حاصل کی جاتی ہے۔",
      "translator": "Vedyatra working draft (AI)",
      "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
      "status": "machine",
      "statusLabel": "Machine draft"
    },
    {
      "lang": "en",
      "text": "Among these, the lower knowledge is the Ṛg Veda, Yajur Veda, Sāma Veda, and Atharva Veda, together with phonetics, ritual rules, grammar, etymology, metre and astronomy. The higher knowledge is that by which the imperishable is attained.",
      "translator": "Vedyatra working draft (AI)",
      "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
      "status": "machine",
      "statusLabel": "Machine draft"
    },
    {
      "lang": "es",
      "text": "Entre ellas, el conocimiento inferior es el Ṛg Veda, el Yajur Veda, el Sāma Veda y el Atharva Veda, junto con la fonética, las reglas rituales, la gramática, la etimología, la métrica y la astronomía. El conocimiento superior es aquel por el cual se alcanza lo imperecedero.",
      "translator": "Vedyatra working draft (AI)",
      "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
      "status": "machine",
      "statusLabel": "Machine draft"
    },
    {
      "lang": "fr",
      "text": "Parmi ces savoirs, la connaissance inférieure est le Ṛg Veda, le Yajur Veda, le Sāma Veda et l'Atharva Veda, avec la phonétique, les règles rituelles, la grammaire, l'étymologie, la métrique et l'astronomie. La connaissance supérieure est celle par laquelle l'impérissable est atteint.",
      "translator": "Vedyatra working draft (AI)",
      "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
      "status": "machine",
      "statusLabel": "Machine draft"
    },
    {
      "lang": "de",
      "text": "Unter diesen ist das niedere Wissen der Ṛg Veda, der Yajur Veda, der Sāma Veda und der Atharva Veda, zusammen mit Phonetik, Ritualregeln, Grammatik, Etymologie, Metrik und Astronomie. Das höhere Wissen ist jenes, durch das das Unvergängliche erlangt wird.",
      "translator": "Vedyatra working draft (AI)",
      "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
      "status": "machine",
      "statusLabel": "Machine draft"
    },
    {
      "lang": "pt",
      "text": "Entre elas, o conhecimento inferior é o Ṛg Veda, o Yajur Veda, o Sāma Veda e o Atharva Veda, junto com a fonética, as regras rituais, a gramática, a etimologia, a métrica e a astronomia. O conhecimento superior é aquele pelo qual o imperecível é alcançado.",
      "translator": "Vedyatra working draft (AI)",
      "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
      "status": "machine",
      "statusLabel": "Machine draft"
    },
    {
      "lang": "ru",
      "text": "Среди них низшее знание — это Ригведа, Яджурведа, Самаведа и Атхарваведа, вместе с фонетикой, ритуальными правилами, грамматикой, этимологией, метрикой и астрономией. Высшее знание — то, благодаря которому достигается нетленное.",
      "translator": "Vedyatra working draft (AI)",
      "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
      "status": "machine",
      "statusLabel": "Machine draft"
    },
    {
      "lang": "zh",
      "text": "其中，低级知识是《梨俱吠陀》、《夜柔吠陀》、《娑摩吠陀》和《阿闼婆吠陀》，以及音韵学、祭仪规则、语法、词源、韵律和天文学。高级知识是通过它可以证得不灭者的知识。",
      "translator": "Vedyatra working draft (AI)",
      "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
      "status": "machine",
      "statusLabel": "Machine draft"
    },
    {
      "lang": "ja",
      "text": "その中で下位の知識とは、リグ・ヴェーダ、ヤジュル・ヴェーダ、サーマ・ヴェーダ、アタルヴァ・ヴェーダ、そして音声学、祭式規則、文法、語源学、韻律学、天文学である。上位の知識とは、それによって不滅なるものに到達する知識である。",
      "translator": "Vedyatra working draft (AI)",
      "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
      "status": "machine",
      "statusLabel": "Machine draft"
    },
    {
      "lang": "ar",
      "text": "من بين هذه، المعرفة الدنيا هي الريغ فيدا واليجور فيدا والساما فيدا والأثارفا فيدا، مع علم الأصوات وقواعد الطقوس والنحو وعلم الاشتقاق والعروض وعلم الفلك. والمعرفة العليا هي التي بها يُدرك الخالد.",
      "translator": "Vedyatra working draft (AI)",
      "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
      "status": "machine",
      "statusLabel": "Machine draft"
    },
    {
      "lang": "id",
      "text": "Di antara itu, pengetahuan yang lebih rendah adalah Ṛgveda, Yajurveda, Sāmaveda, dan Atharvaveda, bersama fonetik, aturan ritual, tata bahasa, etimologi, metrik, dan astronomi. Pengetahuan yang lebih tinggi adalah yang melaluinya yang abadi dapat dicapai.",
      "translator": "Vedyatra working draft (AI)",
      "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
      "status": "machine",
      "statusLabel": "Machine draft"
    },
    {
      "lang": "th",
      "text": "ในบรรดาความรู้นั้น ความรู้ขั้นต่ำคือฤคเวท ยชุรเวท สามเวท และอถรรพเวท พร้อมด้วยศิกษา กัลปะ ไวยากรณ์ นิรุกต ฉันทศาสตร์ และโชติศาสตร์ ส่วนความรู้ขั้นสูงคือความรู้ที่ทำให้บรรลุถึงอักษรที่ไม่เสื่อมสลาย",
      "translator": "Vedyatra working draft (AI)",
      "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
      "status": "machine",
      "statusLabel": "Machine draft"
    }
  ],
  "commentary": [],
  "source": {
    "edition": "Muṇḍaka Upaniṣad, Sanskrit Wikisource, page “मुण्डकोपनिषद्” (revision 415828)",
    "license": "Public domain text; Wikisource page CC BY-SA 4.0",
    "url": "https://sa.wikisource.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D&oldid=415828"
  },
  "topics": [
    "vedas",
    "knowledge",
    "akshara"
  ],
  "citation": "Muṇḍaka Upaniṣad 1.1.5. Vedyatra, https://vedyatra.org/verses/upanishads/mundaka.1.1.5/"
}