{
  "id": "yajurveda/30.8",
  "url": "https://vedyatra.org/verses/yajurveda/30.8/",
  "work": {
    "key": "yajurveda",
    "title": "Yajurveda Saṃhitā"
  },
  "ref": "30.8",
  "speaker": "Puruṣamedha · to rivers, nymphs, spirits and outcasts",
  "sanskrit": {
    "text": "नदीभ्यः पौञ्जिष्ठम् ऋक्षीकाभ्यो नैषादं पुरुषव्याघ्राय दुर्मदं गन्धर्वाप्सरोभ्यो व्रात्यं प्रयुग्भ्य ऽ उन्मत्तꣳ सर्पदेवजनेभ्यो ऽप्रतिपदमयेभ्यः कितवम् ईर्यताया ऽ अकितवं पिशाचेभ्यो बिदलकारीं यातुधानेभ्यः कण्टकीकारीम् ॥ ३०.८ ॥",
    "script": "Deva",
    "accented": false
  },
  "transliteration": {
    "text": "nadībhyaḥ pauñjiṣṭham ṛkṣīkābhyo naiṣādaṃ puruṣavyāghrāya durmadaṃ gandharvāpsarobhyo vrātyaṃ prayugbhya ' unmattaṃ sarpadevajanebhyo 'pratipadamayebhyaḥ kitavam īryatāyā ' akitavaṃ piśācebhyo bidalakārīṃ yātudhānebhyaḥ kaṇṭakīkārīm || 30.8 ||",
    "scheme": "IAST"
  },
  "words": [
    {
      "word": "nadībhyaḥ",
      "meaning": "for the rivers",
      "lang": "en"
    },
    {
      "word": "pauñjiṣṭham",
      "meaning": "the pauñjiṣṭha (a tribe or outcast)",
      "lang": "en"
    },
    {
      "word": "ṛkṣīkābhyaḥ",
      "meaning": "for the Ṛkṣīkā (a river)",
      "lang": "en"
    },
    {
      "word": "naiṣādam",
      "meaning": "the Niṣāda (hunter-tribesman)",
      "lang": "en"
    },
    {
      "word": "puruṣa-vyāghrāya",
      "meaning": "for the man-tiger",
      "lang": "en"
    },
    {
      "word": "durmadam",
      "meaning": "the wild, violent one",
      "lang": "en"
    },
    {
      "word": "gandharva-apsarobhyaḥ",
      "meaning": "for the Gandharvas and Apsarasas",
      "lang": "en"
    },
    {
      "word": "vrātyam",
      "meaning": "the vrātya (wanderer outside the rites)",
      "lang": "en"
    },
    {
      "word": "prayugbhyaḥ",
      "meaning": "for the yoke-bearers",
      "lang": "en"
    },
    {
      "word": "unmattam",
      "meaning": "the madman",
      "lang": "en"
    },
    {
      "word": "sarpa-deva-janebhyaḥ",
      "meaning": "for the serpents, gods and people",
      "lang": "en"
    },
    {
      "word": "apratipadam",
      "meaning": "the one without a path",
      "lang": "en"
    },
    {
      "word": "ayebhyaḥ",
      "meaning": "for the goers",
      "lang": "en"
    },
    {
      "word": "kitavam",
      "meaning": "the gambler",
      "lang": "en"
    },
    {
      "word": "īryatāyai",
      "meaning": "for the restless",
      "lang": "en"
    },
    {
      "word": "akitavam",
      "meaning": "the non-gambler",
      "lang": "en"
    },
    {
      "word": "piśācebhyaḥ",
      "meaning": "for the piśācas (flesh-eating spirits)",
      "lang": "en"
    },
    {
      "word": "bidala-kārīm",
      "meaning": "the splitting-woman",
      "lang": "en"
    },
    {
      "word": "yātudhānebhyaḥ",
      "meaning": "for the yātudhānas (sorcerous demons)",
      "lang": "en"
    },
    {
      "word": "kaṇṭakī-kārīm",
      "meaning": "the thorn-maker woman",
      "lang": "en"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "lang": "hi",
      "text": "नदियों के लिए पौञ्जिष्ठ, ऋक्षीका के लिए नैषाद, पुरुषव्याघ्र के लिए दुर्मद, गन्धर्व और अप्सराओं के लिए व्रात्य, प्रयुक् के लिए उन्मत्त, सर्पों देवों और जनों के लिए अप्रतिपद, अयों के लिए कितव, ईर्यता के लिए अकितव, पिशाचों के लिए बिदलकारी और यातुधानों के लिए कण्टकीकारी।",
      "translator": "Vedyatra working draft (AI)",
      "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
      "status": "machine",
      "statusLabel": "Machine draft"
    },
    {
      "lang": "ta",
      "text": "நதிகளுக்கு பௌஞ்சிஷ்டனை, ரிக்ஷீகைகளுக்கு நைஷாதனை, புருஷவியாக்ரனுக்கு துர்மதனை, கந்தர்வ அப்சரசுகளுக்கு வ்ராத்யனை, பிரயுக்குகளுக்கு உன்மத்தனை, சர்ப்ப தேவ ஜனங்களுக்கு அப்ரதிபதனை, அயர்களுக்கு கிதவனை, ஈர்யதைக்கு அகிதவனை, பிசாசுகளுக்கு பிதலகாரியை, யாதுதானர்களுக்கு கண்டகீகாரியை.",
      "translator": "Vedyatra working draft (AI)",
      "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
      "status": "machine",
      "statusLabel": "Machine draft"
    },
    {
      "lang": "te",
      "text": "నదులకు పౌంజిష్ఠుడిని, ఋక్షీకలకు నైషాదుడిని, పురుషవ్యాఘ్రునికి దుర్మదుడిని, గంధర్వాప్సరసలకు వ్రాత్యుడిని, ప్రయుక్కులకు ఉన్మత్తుడిని, సర్ప దేవజనులకు అప్రతిపదుడిని, అయులకు కితవుడిని, ఈర్యతకు అకితవుడిని, పిశాచులకు బిదలకారిణిని, యాతుధానులకు కంటకీకారిణిని.",
      "translator": "Vedyatra working draft (AI)",
      "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
      "status": "machine",
      "statusLabel": "Machine draft"
    },
    {
      "lang": "kn",
      "text": "ನದಿಗಳಿಗೆ ಪೌಂಜಿಷ್ಠನನ್ನು, ಋಕ್ಷೀಕೆಗಳಿಗೆ ನೈಷಾದನನ್ನು, ಪುರುಷವ್ಯಾಘ್ರನಿಗೆ ದುರ್ಮದನನ್ನು, ಗಂಧರ್ವಾಪ್ಸರಸರಿಗೆ ವ್ರಾತ್ಯನನ್ನು, ಪ್ರಯುಕ್ಕುಗಳಿಗೆ ಉನ್ಮತ್ತನನ್ನು, ಸರ್ಪ ದೇವ ಜನರಿಗೆ ಅಪ್ರತಿಪದನನ್ನು, ಅಯರಿಗೆ ಕಿತವನನ್ನು, ಈರ್ಯತೆಗೆ ಅಕಿತವನನ್ನು, ಪಿಶಾಚರಿಗೆ ಬಿದಲಕಾರಿಣಿಯನ್ನು, ಯಾತುಧಾನರಿಗೆ ಕಂಟಕೀಕಾರಿಣಿಯನ್ನು.",
      "translator": "Vedyatra working draft (AI)",
      "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
      "status": "machine",
      "statusLabel": "Machine draft"
    },
    {
      "lang": "ml",
      "text": "നദികൾക്ക് പൗഞ്ജിഷ്ഠനെയും ഋക്ഷീകകൾക്ക് നൈഷാദനെയും പുരുഷവ്യാഘ്രന് ദുർമദനെയും ഗന്ധർവാപ്സരസുകൾക്ക് വ്രാത്യനെയും പ്രയുക്കുകൾക്ക് ഉന്മത്തനെയും സർപ്പദേവജനങ്ങൾക്ക് അപ്രതിപദനെയും അയങ്ങൾക്ക് കിതവനെയും ഈര്യതയ്ക്ക് അകിതവനെയും പിശാചങ്ങൾക്ക് ബിദലകാരിയെയും യാതുധാനങ്ങൾക്ക് കണ്ടകീകാരിയെയും.",
      "translator": "Vedyatra working draft (AI)",
      "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
      "status": "machine",
      "statusLabel": "Machine draft"
    },
    {
      "lang": "bn",
      "text": "নদীদের জন্য পৌঞ্জিষ্ঠকে, ঋক্ষীকাদের জন্য নৈষাদকে, পুরুষব্যাঘ্রের জন্য দুর্মদকে, গন্ধর্ব-অপ্সরাদের জন্য ব্রাত্যকে, প্রযুক্দের জন্য উন্মত্তকে, সর্পদেবজনদের জন্য অপ্রতিপদকে, অয়দের জন্য কিতবকে, ঈর্যতার জন্য অকিতবকে, পিশাচদের জন্য বিদলকারীকে এবং যাতুধানদের জন্য কণ্টকীকারীকে।",
      "translator": "Vedyatra working draft (AI)",
      "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
      "status": "machine",
      "statusLabel": "Machine draft"
    },
    {
      "lang": "mr",
      "text": "नद्यांसाठी पौंजिष्ठ, ऋक्षीकांसाठी नैषाद, पुरुषव्याघ्रासाठी दुर्मद, गंधर्व-अप्सरांसाठी व्रात्य, प्रयुक्कांसाठी उन्मत्त, सर्प-देव-जनांसाठी अप्रतिपद, अयांसाठी कितव, ईर्यतेसाठी अकितव, पिशाचांसाठी बिदलकारी आणि यातुधानांसाठी कंटकीकारी.",
      "translator": "Vedyatra working draft (AI)",
      "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
      "status": "machine",
      "statusLabel": "Machine draft"
    },
    {
      "lang": "gu",
      "text": "નદીઓ માટે પૌંજિષ્ઠ, ઋક્ષીકાઓ માટે નૈષાદ, પુરુષવ્યાઘ્ર માટે દુર્મદ, ગંધર્વ-અપ્સરાઓ માટે વ્રાત્ય, પ્રયુક્ માટે ઉન્મત્ત, સર્પ-દેવ-જનો માટે અપ્રતિપદ, અયો માટે કિતવ, ઈર્યતા માટે અકિતવ, પિશાચો માટે બિદલકારી અને યાતુધાનો માટે કંટકીકારી.",
      "translator": "Vedyatra working draft (AI)",
      "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
      "status": "machine",
      "statusLabel": "Machine draft"
    },
    {
      "lang": "pa",
      "text": "ਨਦੀਆਂ ਲਈ ਪੌਂਜਿਸ਼ਠ, ਰਿਕਸ਼ੀਕਾਵਾਂ ਲਈ ਨੈਸ਼ਾਦ, ਪੁਰਸ਼ਵਿਆਘਰ ਲਈ ਦੁਰਮਦ, ਗੰਧਰਵ-ਅਪਸਰਾਵਾਂ ਲਈ ਵ੍ਰਾਤਯ, ਪ੍ਰਯੁਕਾਂ ਲਈ ਉਨਮੱਤ, ਸਰਪ-ਦੇਵ-ਜਨਾਂ ਲਈ ਅਪ੍ਰਤਿਪਦ, ਅਯਾਂ ਲਈ ਕਿਤਵ, ਈਰਯਤਾ ਲਈ ਅਕਿਤਵ, ਪਿਸ਼ਾਚਾਂ ਲਈ ਬਿਦਲਕਾਰੀ ਅਤੇ ਯਾਤੁਧਾਨਾਂ ਲਈ ਕੰਟਕੀਕਾਰੀ।",
      "translator": "Vedyatra working draft (AI)",
      "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
      "status": "machine",
      "statusLabel": "Machine draft"
    },
    {
      "lang": "or",
      "text": "ନଦୀଗୁଡ଼ିକ ପାଇଁ ପୌଞ୍ଜିଷ୍ଠ, ଋକ୍ଷୀକା ପାଇଁ ନୈଷାଦ, ପୁରୁଷବ୍ୟାଘ୍ର ପାଇଁ ଦୁର୍ମଦ, ଗନ୍ଧର୍ବ-ଅପ୍ସରା ପାଇଁ ବ୍ରାତ୍ୟ, ପ୍ରୟୁକ୍ ପାଇଁ ଉନ୍ମତ୍ତ, ସର୍ପ-ଦେବ-ଜନ ପାଇଁ ଅପ୍ରତିପଦ, ଅୟ ପାଇଁ କିତବ, ଈର୍ୟତା ପାଇଁ ଅକିତବ, ପିଶାଚ ପାଇଁ ବିଦଳକାରୀ ଓ ଯାତୁଧାନ ପାଇଁ କଣ୍ଟକୀକାରୀ।",
      "translator": "Vedyatra working draft (AI)",
      "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
      "status": "machine",
      "statusLabel": "Machine draft"
    },
    {
      "lang": "ur",
      "text": "دریاؤں کے لیے پونجشٹھ، رکشیکاؤں کے لیے نیشاد، پرش ویاگھر کے لیے دُرمد، گندھرو اور اپسراؤں کے لیے ورات، پریُکوں کے لیے اُنمتّ، سرپ دیو جنوں کے لیے اپرتی پد، ایوں کے لیے کیتو، ایرْیتا کے لیے اکیتو، پشاچوں کے لیے بدلکاری اور یاتودھانوں کے لیے کنٹکی کاری۔",
      "translator": "Vedyatra working draft (AI)",
      "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
      "status": "machine",
      "statusLabel": "Machine draft"
    },
    {
      "lang": "en",
      "text": "For the rivers, the pauñjiṣṭha; for the Ṛkṣīkās, the naiṣāda; for the man-tiger, the durmada; for the gandharvas and apsarases, the vrātya; for the yokes, the madman; for the serpents, gods and peoples, the one without a path; for the goers, the gambler; for the restless one, the non-gambler; for the piśācas, the splitting-woman; for the yātudhānas, the thorn-maker woman.",
      "translator": "Vedyatra working draft (AI)",
      "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
      "status": "machine",
      "statusLabel": "Machine draft"
    },
    {
      "lang": "es",
      "text": "Para los ríos, el pauñjiṣṭha; para las Ṛkṣīkās, el naiṣāda; para el hombre-tigre, el durmada; para los gandharvas y apsarases, el vrātya; para los yugos, el loco; para serpientes, dioses y pueblos, el que no tiene camino; para los que van, el jugador; para la inquieta, la no jugadora; para los piśācas, la mujer que parte; para los yātudhānas, la mujer que hace espinas.",
      "translator": "Vedyatra working draft (AI)",
      "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
      "status": "machine",
      "statusLabel": "Machine draft"
    },
    {
      "lang": "fr",
      "text": "Pour les rivières, le pauñjiṣṭha; pour les Ṛkṣīkā, le naiṣāda; pour l'homme-tigre, le durmada; pour les gandharvas et apsaras, le vrātya; pour les attelages, le fou; pour les serpents, dieux et peuples, celui sans chemin; pour les allants, le joueur; pour l'agitée, la non-joueuse; pour les piśāca, la femme qui fend; pour les yātudhāna, la femme qui fait des épines.",
      "translator": "Vedyatra working draft (AI)",
      "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
      "status": "machine",
      "statusLabel": "Machine draft"
    },
    {
      "lang": "de",
      "text": "Für die Flüsse den Pauñjiṣṭha, für die Ṛkṣīkā den Naiṣāda, für den Mann-Tiger den Durmada, für Gandharven und Apsarasen den Vrātya, für die Gespanne den Wahnsinnigen, für Schlangen, Götter und Völker den Wegelosen, für die Gehenden den Spieler, für die Ruhelose die Nicht-Spielerin, für die Piśācas die Spalterin, für die Yātudhānas die Dornenmacherin.",
      "translator": "Vedyatra working draft (AI)",
      "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
      "status": "machine",
      "statusLabel": "Machine draft"
    },
    {
      "lang": "pt",
      "text": "Para os rios, o pauñjiṣṭha; para as Ṛkṣīkās, o naiṣāda; para o homem-tigre, o durmada; para os gandharvas e apsarases, o vrātya; para os jugos, o louco; para serpentes, deuses e povos, o sem caminho; para os que vão, o jogador; para a inquieta, a não-jogadora; para os piśācas, a mulher que racha; para os yātudhānas, a mulher que faz espinhos.",
      "translator": "Vedyatra working draft (AI)",
      "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
      "status": "machine",
      "statusLabel": "Machine draft"
    },
    {
      "lang": "ru",
      "text": "Для рек — паунджиштха, для рикшик — найшада, для человека-тигра — дурмада, для гандхарв и апсар — враты, для упряжек — безумца, для змей, богов и народов — лишённого пути, для ходящих — игрока, для беспокойной — не-игрока, для пишачей — расщепляющую, для ятудхан — делающую колючки.",
      "translator": "Vedyatra working draft (AI)",
      "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
      "status": "machine",
      "statusLabel": "Machine draft"
    },
    {
      "lang": "zh",
      "text": "为诸河，献给pauñjiṣṭha；为Ṛkṣīkā，献给猎人（naiṣāda）；为人虎，献给狂暴者（durmada）；为乾闼婆与阿普萨拉斯，献给越轨者（vrātya）；为驾轭者，献给疯子；为蛇、神与众人，献给无路者；为行走者，献给赌徒；为躁动者，献给非赌徒；为毕舍遮，献给劈裂女；为食人鬼（yātudhāna），献给制刺女。",
      "translator": "Vedyatra working draft (AI)",
      "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
      "status": "machine",
      "statusLabel": "Machine draft"
    },
    {
      "lang": "ja",
      "text": "河のためにパウンジシュタ、リクシーカーのためにニシャーダ、人虎のためにドゥルマダ、ガンダルヴァとアプサラスのためにヴラーティヤ、軛（くびき）のために狂人、蛇と神と民のために道なき者、行く者のために賭博者、落ち着かぬ者のために非賭博者、ピシャーチャのために裂く女、ヤートゥダーナのために棘を作る女。",
      "translator": "Vedyatra working draft (AI)",
      "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
      "status": "machine",
      "statusLabel": "Machine draft"
    },
    {
      "lang": "ar",
      "text": "للأنهار البونجيشثا، وللريكشيكا النيشادا، ولإنسان النمر الدورمادا، وللغاندهاربا والأبسارا الفراتيا، وللنِّير المجنون، وللثعابين والآلهة والأقوام الذي لا طريق له، وللسالكين اللاعب، وللمضطربة غير اللاعبة، وللبيشاتشا المرأة الشاقّة، وللياتوذانا المرأة صانعة الأشواك.",
      "translator": "Vedyatra working draft (AI)",
      "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
      "status": "machine",
      "statusLabel": "Machine draft"
    },
    {
      "lang": "id",
      "text": "Untuk sungai, pauñjiṣṭha; untuk Ṛkṣīkā, naiṣāda; untuk manusia-harimau, durmada; untuk gandharva dan apsaras, vrātya; untuk kuk (gandar), orang gila; untuk ular, dewa dan manusia, yang tak berjalan; untuk yang pergi, penjudi; untuk yang gelisah, bukan penjudi; untuk piśāca, perempuan pembelah; untuk yātudhāna, perempuan pembuat duri.",
      "translator": "Vedyatra working draft (AI)",
      "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
      "status": "machine",
      "statusLabel": "Machine draft"
    },
    {
      "lang": "th",
      "text": "ช่างย้อมแดงแด่แม่น้ำ ชาวประมงแด่ฤกษิกา คนป่าแด่มนุษย์เสือ คนบ้าคลั่งแด่คนธรรพ์และอัปสร ผู้ไม่มีพิธีแด่แอกเทียมม้า คนบ้าแด่ผู้ที่คลั่งเพราะงู เทวดาและผู้คน ผู้ไร้ทางแด่สิ่งที่ไปกันทุกทิศ นักพนันแด่ผู้ที่กระวนกระวาย ผู้ไม่เล่นพนันแด่ปิศาจ หญิงผู้แยกผู้อื่นแด่ยาตุธาน หญิงผู้ทำให้เกิดหนามแด่",
      "translator": "Vedyatra working draft (AI)",
      "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
      "status": "machine",
      "statusLabel": "Machine draft"
    }
  ],
  "commentary": [],
  "source": {
    "edition": "Śukla Yajurveda, Vājasaneyi Saṃhitā, Mādhyandina recension (unaccented, as on Wikisource), Sanskrit Wikisource, page “शुक्लयजुर्वेदः/अध्यायः ३०” (revision 321120)",
    "license": "Public domain text; Wikisource page CC BY-SA 4.0",
    "url": "https://sa.wikisource.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%83%2F%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%83_%E0%A5%A9%E0%A5%A6&oldid=321120"
  },
  "topics": [
    "purusamedha",
    "human-sacrifice",
    "outcasts",
    "dedication"
  ],
  "citation": "Yajurveda Saṃhitā 30.8. Vedyatra, https://vedyatra.org/verses/yajurveda/30.8/"
}