Mahābhārata · Adhyāya 12.191
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12.191.1
आचारस्य विधिं तात प्रोच्यमानं त्वयाऽनघ ।
श्रोतुमिच्छामि धर्मज्ञ सर्वज्ञो ह्यसि मे मतः ॥ १२.१९१.१ ॥
Dear one, sinless one, I wish to hear the rule of good conduct as you declare it. Knower of dharma, in my view you are all-knowing.
12.191.2
दुराचारा दुर्विचेष्टा दुष्प्रज्ञाः प्रियसाहसाः ।
असन्तस्त्वभिविख्याताः सन्तश्चाचारलक्षणाः ॥ १२.१९१.२ ॥
Those of wicked conduct, bad behaviour, poor judgement and a fondness for rash deeds are the non-good, and they become famous; the marks of the good show in their conduct.
12.191.3
पुरीषं यदि वा मूत्रं ये न कुवन्ति मानवाः ।
राजमार्गे गवां मध्ये धान्यमध्ये शिवालये।
अग्न्यगारे तथा तीरे ये न कुर्वन्ति ते शुभाः ॥ १२.१९१.३ ॥
Those people who do not void excrement or urine on the royal road, among cows, in the midst of grain, in a shrine of Śiva, in the fire-house, or on a riverbank, are auspicious.
12.191.4
शौचमावश्यकं कृत्वा देवतानां च तर्पणम् ।
धर्ममाहुर्मनुष्याणामुपस्पृश्य नदीं तरेत् ॥ १२.१९१.४ ॥
Having performed the necessary purification and the libation to the gods, they call this the dharma of men; having sipped water, one should cross the river.
12.191.5
सूर्यं सदोपतिष्ठेन न स्वपेद्भास्करोदये ।
सायंप्रातर्जपेत्सन्ध्यां तिष्ठन्पूर्वां तथेतराम् ॥ १२.१९१.५ ॥
One should always worship the sun and not sleep at sunrise. Morning and evening one should recite the twilight prayer, the morning one standing, and likewise the other.
12.191.6
पञ्चार्द्रो भोजनं भुञ्ज्यात्प्राद्भुखो मौनमास्थितः ।
न निन्द्यादन्नभक्ष्यांश्च स्वादुस्वादु च भक्षयेत् ॥ १२.१९१.६ ॥
Having moistened the five parts, facing east, keeping silence, one should eat; one should not revile edible food, and should eat the tastiest of the tasty.
12.191.7
नार्द्रपाणिः समुत्तिष्ठेन्नार्द्रपादः स्वपेन्निशि ।
देवर्षिर्नारदः प्राह एतदाचारलक्षणम् ॥ १२.१९१.७ ॥
One should not rise with wet hands, nor sleep at night with wet feet; this, said the divine sage Nārada, is the mark of proper conduct.
12.191.8
शोचिष्केशमनड्वाहं देवगोष्ठं चतुष्पथम् ।
ब्राह्मणं धार्मिकं चैव नित्यं कुर्यात्प्रदक्षिणम् ॥ १२.१९१.८ ॥
One should always circumambulate, keeping the right side toward, the flame-haired one (Agni), the ox, the divine cow-pen, the crossroads, a brahmin, and a righteous man.
12.191.9
अतिथीनां च सर्वेषां प्रेष्याणां स्वजनस्य च ।
सामात्यं भोजनं भृत्यैः पुरुषस्य प्रशस्यते ॥ १२.१९१.९ ॥
A man's eating together with his guests, with all his servants, with his kinsmen and ministers, and with his dependents is praised.
12.191.10
सायंप्रातर्मनुष्याणामशनं वेदनिर्मितम् ।
नान्तरा भोजनं दृष्टमुपवासी तथा भवेत् ॥ १२.१९१.१० ॥
Men's meals, morning and evening, are prescribed by the Veda; eating in between is not seen as prescribed, and so one should remain a fasting man.
12.191.11
होमकाले तथ्ना जुह्वन्नृतुकाले तथा व्रजन् ।
अनन्यस्त्रीजनः प्राज्ञो ब्रह्मचारी तथा भवेत् ॥ १२.१९१.११ ॥
Offering in the oblation time, going in the proper season, a wise man with no other woman should likewise be a celibate student.
12.191.12
अमृतं ब्राह्मणोच्छिष्टं जनन्या हृदयं कृतम् ।
तज्जनाः पर्युपासन्ते सत्यं सन्तः समासते ॥ १२.१९१.१२ ॥
The leftover of a brahmin is nectar, placed in the heart by the mother; people attend upon it, and truly the good dwell in it.
12.191.13
लोष्टमदीं तृणच्छेदी नखखादी तु यो नरः ।
नित्योच्छिष्टः संकसुको नेहायुर्विन्दते महत् ॥ १२.१९१.१३ ॥
The man who breaks clods of earth, cuts grass, bites his nails, is always defiled by leftovers, and is sluggish and slovenly does not obtain a long life in this world.
12.191.14
यजुषा संस्कृतं मांसं निवृत्तो मांसभक्षणात् ।
भक्षयेन्न वृथामांसं पृष्ठमांसं च वर्जयेत् ॥ १२.१९१.१४ ॥
One who has abstained from eating meat may eat meat consecrated with a Yajur-veda mantra; he should not eat meat wastefully, and he should avoid meat from the back.
12.191.15
स्वदेशे परदेशे वा अतिर्थि नोपवासयेत् ।
काम्यकर्मफलं लब्ध्वा गुरूणामुपपादयेत् ॥ १२.१९१.१५ ॥
Whether in one's own land or a foreign land, one should not cause a guest to fast; having obtained the fruit of a desired rite, one should offer it to one's teachers.
12.191.16
गुरूणामासनं देयं कर्तव्यं चाभिवादनम् ।
गुरूनभ्यर्च्य युज्येत आयुषा यशसा श्रिया ॥ १२.१९१.१६ ॥
A seat should be given to teachers, and reverent greeting should be made; having honored one's teachers and elders, one is joined to long life, fame, and prosperity.
12.191.17
नेक्षेतादित्यमुद्यन्तं न च नग्नां परस्त्रियम् ।
मैथुनं सततं धर्म्यं गुह्ये चैव समाचरेत् ॥ १२.१९१.१७ ॥
One should not gaze at the rising sun, nor at a naked woman who is another's wife; sexual union should always be practiced in a lawful manner and in secret.
12.191.18
तीर्थानां हृदयं तीर्थं शुचीनां हृदयं शुचिः ।
सर्वमार्यकृतं धर्म्यं वालसंस्पर्शनानि च ॥ १२.१९१.१८ ॥
The heart of sacred places is the sacred place, and the heart of the pure is purity; whatever is done by the noble is lawful, and so too is the touching of hair.
12.191.19
दर्शनेदर्शने नित्यं सुखप्रश्नमुदाहरेत् ।
सायं प्रातश्च विप्राणां प्रदिष्टमभिवादनम् ॥ १२.१९१.१९ ॥
At meeting and at parting, one should always ask after well-being; for brahmins, a salutation at evening and at morning is prescribed.
12.191.20
देवगोष्ठे गवां मध्ये ब्राह्मणानां क्रियापथे ।
स्वाध्याये भोजने चैव दक्षिणं पाणिमुद्धरेत् ॥ १२.१९१.२० ॥
In a temple-yard, among cows, on the path of brahmins' rites, during Vedic recitation and at a meal, one should raise the right hand.
12.191.21
सायं प्रातश्च विप्राणां पूजनं च यथाविधि ।
पण्यानां शोभते पण्यं कृषीणामृद्ध्यतां कृषिः।
बहुकारं च सस्यानां वाह्ये वाहो गवां तथा ॥ १२.१९१.२१ ॥
At evening and at morning one should worship brahmins according to rule. Merchandise adorns the merchant, and farming adorns those who would prosper; abundant crops, and cattle drawing the plough outside, are likewise.
12.191.22
संपन्नं भोजने नित्यं पानीये तर्पणं तथा ।
सुशृतं पायसे ब्रूयाद्यवाग्वां कृसरे तथा ॥ १२.१९१.२२ ॥
One should always say that the food is well prepared and the drink is satisfying; likewise say that the milk-rice is well cooked, and so too the barley-gruel and the sesame-rice.
12.191.23
श्मश्रुकर्मणि संप्राप्ते क्षुते स्नानेऽथ भोजने ।
व्याधितानां च सर्वेषामायुष्ममभिनन्दनम् ॥ १२.१९१.२३ ॥
At the shaving of the beard, at sneezing, at bathing and at a meal, and to all the sick, one should offer the blessing "may you live long."
12.191.24
प्रत्यादित्यं न मेहेत न पश्येदात्मनः शकृत् ।
सुतैः स्त्रिया च शयनं सह भोज्यं च वर्जयेत् ॥ १२.१९१.२४ ॥
One should not urinate facing the sun, nor look at one's own excrement; one should avoid lying down together with sons and wife, and also eating together with them.
12.191.25
त्वंकारं नामधेयं च ज्येष्ठानां परिवर्जयेत् ।
अवराणां समानानामुभयं नैव दुष्यति ॥ १२.१९१.२५ ॥
One should avoid addressing elders as 'you' (tvaṃ) and speaking their name; toward juniors and equals, both forms are not faulty.
12.191.26
हृदयं पापवृत्तानां पापमाख्याति वैकृतम् ।
ज्ञानपूर्वं विनश्यन्ति गूहमाना महाजने ॥ १२.१९१.२६ ॥
The heart of those of sinful conduct reveals their sin and perversion; those who conceal a sin committed knowingly before the great assembly perish.
12.191.27
ज्ञानपूर्वकृतं पापं छादयन्त्यबहुश्रुताः ।
नैनं मनुष्याः पश्यन्ति पश्यन्त्येव दिवौकसः ॥ १२.१९१.२७ ॥
The unlearned conceal a sin committed knowingly; humans do not see it, but the dwellers of heaven, the gods, indeed see it.
12.191.28
पापेनापिहितं पापं पापमेवानुवर्तते ।
धर्मेणापिहितो धर्मो धर्ममेवानुवर्तते।
धार्मिकेण कृतो धर्मो धर्ममेवानुवर्तते ॥ १२.१९१.२८ ॥
Sin concealed by sin follows only sin; dharma concealed by dharma follows only dharma; dharma done by the righteous person follows only dharma.
12.191.29
पापं कृतं न स्मरतीह मूढो ।
विवर्तमानस्य तदेति कर्तुः।
राहुर्यथा चन्द्रमुपैति चापि ।
तथाऽबुधं पापमुपैति कर्म ॥ १२.१९१.२९ ॥
The deluded man does not remember a sin he has committed; yet that sin, returning, reaches the doer, just as Rāhu draws near the moon; so the sinful deed of the unwise man comes upon him.
12.191.30
आशया संचितं द्रव्यं दुःखेनैवोपभुज्यते ।
तद्बुधा न प्रशंसन्ति मरणं न प्रतीक्षते ॥ १२.१९१.३० ॥
Wealth accumulated through hope is enjoyed only with pain; the wise do not praise it, and death does not wait for it.
12.191.31
मानसं सर्वभूतानां धर्ममाहुर्मनीषिणः ।
तस्मात्सर्वेषु भूतेषु मनसा शिवमाचरेत् ॥ १२.१९१.३१ ॥
The wise say that dharma is in the mind of all beings; therefore, toward all beings one should act for their welfare with the mind.
12.191.32
एक एव चरेद्धर्मं नास्ति धर्मे सहायता ।
केवलं विधिमासाद्य सहायः किं करिष्यति ॥ १२.१९१.३२ ॥
One alone should practice dharma, for there is no help in dharma. Once one has reached fate alone, what can a helper do?
12.191.33
धर्मो योनिर्मनुष्याणां देवानाममृतं दिवि ।
प्रेत्यभावे सुखं धर्माच्न्छश्वत्तैरुपभुज्यते ॥ १२.१९१.३३ ॥
Dharma is the source of humans, and for the gods there is nectar in heaven. The happiness after death comes from dharma, and they enjoy it eternally.