Mahābhārata · Adhyāya 1.65
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1.65.1
य एते कीर्तिता ब्रह्मन्ये चान्ये नानुकीर्तिताः ।
सम्यक्ताञ्श्रोतुमिच्छामिराज्ञश्चान्यान्सहस्रशः ॥ १.६५.१ ॥
O brahmin, I wish to hear fully about those who have been recounted here, and those who have not been recounted, and about the thousands of other kings.
1.65.2
यदर्थमिह संभूता देवकल्पा महारथाः ।
भुवि तन्मे महाभाग सम्यगाख्यातुमर्हसि ॥ १.६५.२ ॥
O greatly fortunate one, for what purpose were these great chariot-warriors, godlike, born here on earth? You should tell me this fully.
1.65.3
रहस्यं खल्विदं राजन्देवानामिति नः श्रुतम् ।
तत्तु ते कथयिष्यामि नमस्कृत्वा स्वयंभुवे ॥ १.६५.३ ॥
O king, we have heard that this is indeed a secret of the gods. Having bowed to the self-existent one, I shall tell it to you.
1.65.4
त्रिःसप्तकृत्वः पृथिवीं कृत्वा निःक्षित्रयां पुरा ।
जामदग्न्यस्तपस्तेपे महेन्द्रे पर्वतोत्तमे ॥ १.६५.४ ॥
Long ago, Jāmadagnya (Paraśurāma), having made the earth devoid of kṣatriyas twenty-one times, performed austerities on Mahendra, the best of mountains.
1.65.5
तदा निःक्षत्रिये लोके भार्गवेण कृते सति ।
ब्राह्मणान्क्षत्रिया राजन्सुतार्थिन्योऽभिचक्रमुः ॥ १.६५.५ ॥
O king, when the world had been made devoid of kṣatriyas by the Bhārgava, the kṣatriya women, desiring sons, approached the brahmins.
1.65.6
ताभिः सह समापेतुर्ब्राह्मणाः संशितव्रताः ।
ऋतावृतौ नरव्याघ्र न कामान्नानृतौ तथा ॥ १.६५.६ ॥
O tiger among men, the brahmins of rigorous vows came together with them, in the proper season, not out of desire, and not out of season either.
1.65.7
तेभ्यश्च तेभिरे गर्भं क्षत्रियास्ताः सहस्रशः ।
ततः सुषुविरे राजन्क्षत्रियान्वीर्यवत्तरान् ॥ १.६५.७ ॥
From them, and by them, those kshatriya women conceived by the thousands. Then, O king, they bore kshatriya sons of very great valour.
1.65.8
कुमारांश्च कुमारीश्च पुनः क्षत्राभिवृद्धये ।
एवं तद्ब्राह्मणैः क्षत्रं क्षत्रियासु तपस्विभिः ॥ १.६५.८ ॥
And for the growth of the kshatra order they bore again sons and daughters. Thus did the ascetic brahmins multiply the kshatra order among kshatriya women.
1.65.9
जातं वृद्धं च धर्मेण सुदीर्गेणायुषान्वितम् ।
चत्वारोऽपि ततो वर्णा बभूवुर्ब्राह्मणोत्तराः ॥ १.६५.९ ॥
Born by dharma, grown, and endowed with exceedingly long life, the four social orders then came to be, with the brahmins foremost.
1.65.10
अभ्यगच्छन्नृतौ नारीं न कामान्नानृतौ तथा ।
तथैवान्यानि भूतानि तिर्यग्योनिगतान्यपि ॥ १.६५.१० ॥
They approached a woman only in the fertile season, not from desire, nor out of season; and likewise the other creatures, even those born in animal wombs.
1.65.11
ऋतौ दारांश्च गच्छन्ति तत्तथा भरतर्षभ ।
ततोऽवर्धन्त धर्मेण सहस्रशतजीविनः ॥ १.६५.११ ॥
O bull of the Bharatas, in the fertile season alone they approached their wives. Thus by dharma they increased, living for hundreds of thousands of years.
1.65.12
ताः प्रजाः पृथिवीपाल धर्मव्रतपरायणाः ।
आधिभिर्व्याधिभिश्चैव विमुक्ताः सर्वशो नराः ॥ १.६५.१२ ॥
O protector of the earth, those subjects were devoted to the vows of dharma; men were wholly freed from mental and bodily afflictions.
1.65.13
अथेमां सागरोपान्तां गां गजेन्द्रगताखिलाम् ।
अध्यतिष्ठत्पुनः क्षत्रं सशैलवनपत्तनाम् ॥ १.६५.१३ ॥
Then the warrior class again took possession of this earth, bounded by the ocean, with all its great elephants, together with its mountains, forests and cities.
1.65.14
प्रशासति पुनः क्षत्रे धर्मेणेमां वसुन्धराम् ।
ब्राह्मणाद्यास्ततो वर्णा लेभिरे मुदमुत्तमाम् ॥ १.६५.१४ ॥
When the warrior class again ruled this earth righteously, the brahmins and the other social classes obtained supreme joy.
1.65.15
कामक्रोधोद्भवान्दोषान्निरस्य च नराधिपाः ।
धर्मेण दण्डं दण्डेषु प्रणयन्तोऽन्वपालयन् ॥ १.६५.१५ ॥
Having cast out the faults born of desire and anger, the lords of men, righteously administering punishment to those deserving it, protected their subjects.
1.65.16
तथा धर्मपरे क्षत्रे सहस्राक्षः शतक्रतुः ।
स्वादु देशे च काले च ववर्षाप्याययन्प्रजाः ॥ १.६५.१६ ॥
Thus, when the warrior class was devoted to dharma, Indra, the thousand-eyed, the hundred-sacrificer, sent sweet rain in due place and time, nourishing the subjects.
1.65.17
न बाल एव म्रियते तदा कश्चिज्जनाधिप ।
न च स्त्रियं प्रजानाति कश्चिदप्राप्तयौवनाम् ॥ १.६५.१७ ॥
O lord of men, at that time no child would die, nor did anyone know of a woman who had not reached youth dying.
1.65.18
एवमायुष्मतीभिस्तु प्रजाभिर्भरतर्षभ ।
इयं सागरपर्यन्ता ससापूर्यत मेदिनी ॥ १.६५.१८ ॥
Thus, O bull of the Bharatas, this earth, bounded by the ocean, was filled with long-lived subjects.
1.65.19
ईजिरे च महायज्ञैः क्षत्रिया बहुदक्षिणैः ।
साङ्गोपनिषदान्वेदान्विप्राश्चाधीयते तदा ॥ १.६५.१९ ॥
In those days the warriors performed great sacrifices with abundant fees, and the brahmins studied the Vedas together with their limbs and Upaniṣads.
1.65.20
न च विक्रीणते ब्र्हम ब्राह्मणाश्च तदा नृप ।
न च शूद्रसमभ्याशे वेदानुच्चारयन्त्युत ॥ १.६५.२० ॥
In those days brahmins neither sold the Veda, nor recited the Vedas in the presence of a śūdra.
1.65.21
कारयन्तः कृषिं गोभिस्तथा वैश्याः क्षिताविह ।
युञ्जते धुरि नो गाश्च कृशाङ्गांश्चाप्यजीवयन् ॥ १.६५.२१ ॥
Here on earth the vaiśyas had cultivation done with cattle; they yoked our cows to the plough and kept even the lean-bodied ones alive.
1.65.22
फेनपांश्च तथा वत्सान्न दुहन्ति स्म मानवाः ।
न कूटमानैर्वणिजः पण्यं विक्रीणते तदा ॥ १.६५.२२ ॥
In those days people let the calves drink the foam and did not milk the cows; merchants did not sell their goods with false measures.
1.65.23
कर्माणि च नरव्याघ्र धर्मोपेतानि मानवाः ।
धर्ममेवानुपश्यन्तश्चक्रुर्धर्मपरायणाः ॥ १.६५.२३ ॥
O tiger among men, people performed deeds endowed with dharma, looking only to dharma, intent upon dharma.
1.65.24
स्वकर्मनिरताश्चासन्सर्वे वर्णा नराधिप ।
एवं तदा नरव्याघ्र धर्मो न ह्रसते क्वचित् ॥ १.६५.२४ ॥
O lord of men, all the social orders were then devoted to their own duties. O tiger among men, in this way dharma never declined.
1.65.25
काले गावः प्रसूयन्ते नार्यश्च भरतर्षभ ।
भवन्त्यृतुषु वृक्षाणां पुष्पाणि च फलानि च ॥ १.६५.२५ ॥
In due season the cows calved, and women too, O bull of the Bharatas; in their seasons the trees bore flowers and fruits.
1.65.26
एवं कृतयुगे सम्यग्वर्तमाने तदा नृप ।
आपूर्यत मही कृत्स्ना प्राणिभिर्बहुभिर्भृशम् ॥ १.६५.२६ ॥
Thus, O king, when the Kṛta age was going on rightly, the whole earth was thoroughly filled with many living beings.
1.65.27
एवं समुदिते लोके मानुषे भरतर्षभ ।
असुरा जज्ञिरे क्षेत्रे राज्ञां तु मनुजेश्वर ॥ १.६५.२७ ॥
When the human world had thus flourished, O bull of the Bharatas, O lord of men, asuras were born in the wombs of kings.
1.65.28
आदित्यैर्हि तदा दैत्या बहुशो निर्जिता युधि ।
ऐश्वर्याद्धंशिताः स्वर्गात्संबभूवुः क्षिताविह ॥ १.६५.२८ ॥
For the Ādityas had many times defeated the Daityas in battle; cast down from their sovereignty, they came to be on the earth here, fallen from heaven.
1.65.29
इह देवत्वमिच्छन्तो मानुषेषु तपस्विनः ।
जज्ञिरे भुवि भूतेषु तेषु तेष्वसुरा विभो ॥ १.६५.२९ ॥
Desiring divinity here, the ascetic asuras were born among men and among the various beings of the earth, O mighty one, in those and those forms.
1.65.30
गोष्वश्वेषु च राजेन्द्र खरोष्ट्रमहिषेषु च ।
क्रव्यात्सु चैव भूतेषु गजेषु च मृगेषु च ॥ १.६५.३० ॥
O best of kings, among cows and horses, among donkeys, camels and buffalo, among the flesh-eating creatures, among elephants and among deer as well.
1.65.31
जातैरिह महीपाल जायमानैश्च तैर्मही ।
न शशाकात्मनात्मानमियं धारयितुं धरा ॥ १.६५.३१ ॥
O protector of the earth, burdened by those born here and those still being born, this earth could no longer bear herself.
1.65.32
अथ जाता महीपालाः केचिद्बहुमदान्विताः ।
दितेः पुत्रा दनोश्चैव तदा लोकादिह च्युताः ॥ १.६५.३२ ॥
Then some sons of Diti and Danu, full of great pride, fell from this world and were born as kings.
1.65.33
वीर्यवन्तोऽवलिप्तास्ते नानारूपधरा महीम् ।
इमां सागरपर्यन्तां परीयुररिमर्दनाः ॥ १.६५.३३ ॥
Mighty, arrogant, assuming many forms, those crushers of foes roamed around this earth bounded by the ocean.
1.65.34
ब्राह्मणान्क्षत्रियान्वैश्याञ्शूद्रांश्चैवाप्यपीडयन् ।
अन्यानि चैव सत्वानि पीडयामासुरोजसा ॥ १.६५.३४ ॥
They oppressed brahmins, kshatriyas, vaishyas and shudras as well, and tormented other creatures by their might.
1.65.35
त्रासयन्तोऽभिनिघ्नन्तः सर्वभूतगणांश्च ते ।
विचेरुः सर्वशो राजन्महीं शतसहस्रशः ॥ १.६५.३५ ॥
O king, terrifying and striking down all the hosts of beings, they roamed the earth everywhere, by hundreds of thousands.
1.65.36
आश्रमस्थान्महर्षींश्च धर्षयन्तस्ततस्ततः ।
अब्रह्मण्या वीर्यमदा मत्ता मदबलेन च ॥ १.६५.३६ ॥
Assailing the great sages dwelling in the hermitages here and there, hostile to brahmins, maddened by the pride of might, intoxicated by the strength of their pride...
1.65.37
एवं वीर्यबलोत्सिक्तैर्भूरियं तैर्महासुरैः ।
पीड्यमाना मही राजन्ब्रह्माणमुपचक्रमे ॥ १.६५.३७ ॥
Thus, O king, the earth, oppressed by those great asuras swollen with pride in their strength and might, drew near to Brahmā.
1.65.38
न ह्यमी भूतसत्वौघाः पन्नगाः सनगां महीम् ।
तदा धारयितुं शेकुराक्रान्तां दानवैर्बलात् ॥ १.६५.३८ ॥
Then these hosts of beings and serpents were not able to bear the earth, together with its mountains, forcibly pressed upon by the danavas.
1.65.39
ततो मही महीपाल भारार्ता भयपीडिता ।
जगाम शरणं देवं सर्वभूतपितामहम् ॥ १.६५.३९ ॥
Then, O protector of the earth, the earth, afflicted by her burden and oppressed by fear, went for refuge to the god, the grandfather of all beings.
1.65.40
सा संवृतं महाभागैर्देवद्विजमहर्षिभिः ।
ददर्श देवं ब्रह्माणं लोककर्तारमव्ययम् ॥ १.६५.४० ॥
She saw the god Brahmā, the creator of the worlds and the imperishable one, surrounded by the greatly blessed gods, twice-born ones and great sages.
1.65.41
गन्धर्वैरप्सरोभिश्च बन्दिकर्मसु निष्ठितैः ।
वन्द्यमानं मुदोपतैर्ववन्दे चैनमेत्य सा ॥ १.६५.४१ ॥
While gandharvas and apsarases, engaged in the office of bards, came joyfully and praised him, she approached and bowed down to him.
1.65.42
अथ विज्ञापयामास भूमिस्तं शरणार्थिनी ।
सन्निधौ लोकपालानां सर्वेषामेव भारत ॥ १.६५.४२ ॥
Then the earth, seeking refuge, made her plea known to him in the presence of all the world-guardians, O Bhārata.
1.65.43
तत्प्रधानात्मनस्तस्य भूमेः कृत्यं स्वयंभुवः ।
पूर्वमेवाभवद्राजन्विदितं परमेष्ठिनः ॥ १.६५.४३ ॥
O king, that task of the earth was already known beforehand to the self-existent supreme lord, whose self is the principal.
1.65.44
स्रष्टा हि जगतः कस्मान्न संबुध्येत भारत ।
ससुरासुरलोकानामशेषेण मनोगतम् ॥ १.६५.४४ ॥
O Bhārata, why would the creator of the world not know? He knows completely the thoughts in the minds of the worlds of gods and asuras.
1.65.45
तामुवाच महाराज भूमिं भूमिपतिः प्रभुः ।
प्रभवः सर्वभूतानामीशः शंभुः प्रजापतिः ॥ १.६५.४५ ॥
O great king, the mighty lord, lord of the earth, source of all beings, the Lord, Śambhu, lord of creatures, spoke to that Earth.
1.65.46
यदर्थमभिसंप्राप्ता मत्सकाशं वसुन्धरे ।
तदर्थं सन्नियोक्ष्यामि सर्वानेव दिवौकसः ॥ १.६५.४६ ॥
O Vasundharā, for the very purpose for which you have come into my presence, I shall send forth all the dwellers of heaven.
1.65.47
उत्तिष्ठ गच्छ वसुधे स्वस्थानमिति साऽगमत् ।
इत्युक्त्वा स महीं देवो ब्रह्मा राजन्विसृज्य च।
आदिदेश तदा सर्वान्विबुधान्भूतकृत्स्वयम् ॥ १.६५.४७ ॥
"Rise up, go, O Vasudhā, to your own place" — having said this, she departed. O king, the god Brahmā dismissed the earth, and then he himself, as the creator of beings, commanded all the gods.
1.65.48
अस्या भूमेर्निरसितुं भारं भागैः पृथक्पृथक् ।
अस्यामेव प्रसूयध्वं तिरोधायेति चाब्रवीत् ॥ १.६५.४८ ॥
"To remove the burden of this earth, be born, each of you in separate portions, in her alone," he said.
1.65.49
तथैव च समानीय गन्धर्वाप्सरसां गणान् ।
उवाच भगवान्सर्वानिदं वचनमर्थवत् ॥ १.६५.४९ ॥
Thus the venerable one gathered the groups of gandharvas and apsarases and spoke this meaningful word to them all.
1.65.50
स्वैः स्वैरंशैः प्रसूयध्वं यथेष्टं मानेषेषु च ।
अथ शक्रादयः सर्वे श्रुत्वा सुरगुरोर्वचः।
तथ्यमर्थ्यं च पथ्यं च तस्य ते जगृहुस्तदा ॥ १.६५.५० ॥
Each of you, with your own portion, be born among men as you wish. Then Indra and all the gods, having heard the words of the teacher of the gods, accepted them as true, beneficial and wholesome.
1.65.51
अथ ते सर्वशोंशैः स्वैर्गन्तुं भूमिं कृतक्षणाः ।
नारायणममित्रघ्नं वैकुण्ठमुपचक्रमुः ॥ १.६५.५१ ॥
Then they all, resolved to go to earth with their own portions, approached Nārāyaṇa, slayer of enemies, in Vaikuṇṭha.
1.65.52
यः स चक्रगदापाणिः पीतवासाः शितिप्रभः ।
पद्मनाभः सुरारिघ्नः पृथुचार्वञ्चितेक्षणः ॥ १.६५.५२ ॥
He who holds discus and mace, clad in yellow garments, dark-radiant, lotus-navelled, slayer of the gods' foes, with broad, lovely, long-curved eyes.
1.65.53
प्रजापतिपतिर्देवः सुरनाथो महाबलः ।
श्रीवत्साङ्को हृषीकेशः सर्वदैवतपूजितः ॥ १.६५.५३ ॥
The god, lord of the lords of creatures, lord of the gods, of great might, marked with the Śrīvatsa, Hṛṣīkeśa the lord of the senses, worshipped by all the gods.
1.65.54
तं भुवः शोधनायेन्द्र उवाच पुरुषोत्तमम् ।
अंशेनावतरेत्येवं तथेत्याह च तं हरिः ॥ १.६५.५४ ॥
To purify the earth, Indra said to that best of persons: "Descend in a portion." And Hari said to him: "So be it."