Mahābhārata · Adhyāya 12.175
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12.175.1
धनिनश्चाधना ये च वर्तयन्ति स्वतन्त्रिणः ।
सुखदुःखागमस्तेषां कः कथं वा पितामह ॥ १२.१७५.१ ॥
Those who are rich and those who are poor, and those who live independently — how and by what cause do pleasure and pain come to them, grandfather?
12.175.2
अत्राप्युदाहरन्तीममितिहासं पुरातनम् ।
शम्याकेन विमुक्तेन गीतं शान्तिगतेन च ॥ १२.१७५.२ ॥
Here too, people cite this ancient tale, sung by Śamyāka, who had been liberated and had attained peace.
12.175.3
अब्रवीन्मां पुरा कश्चिद्ब्राह्मणस्त्यागमाश्रितः ।
क्लिश्यमानः कुदारेण कुचेलेन बुभुक्षया ॥ १२.१७५.३ ॥
Long ago a brahmin who had taken refuge in renunciation spoke to me, afflicted in ragged garments by hunger.
12.175.4
उत्पन्नमिह लोके वै जन्मप्रभृति मानवम् ।
विविधान्युपवर्तन्ते दुःखानि च सुखानि च ॥ १२.१७५.४ ॥
For a human born into this world, from birth onward, many kinds of suffering and pleasure come upon him.
12.175.5
तयोरेकतरो मार्गो यदेनमुपसन्नयेत् ।
न सुखं प्राप्य संहृष्येन्नासुखं प्राप्य संज्वरेत् ॥ १२.१७५.५ ॥
Of these two, whichever path brings him near, he should not rejoice on obtaining pleasure, nor grieve on obtaining pain.
12.175.6
न वै चरसि यच्छ्रेय आत्मनो वा न रंस्यसे ।
अकामात्माऽपि हि सदा धुरमुद्यम्य चैव ह ॥ १२.१७५.६ ॥
You do not walk the path that is good for yourself, nor do you delight in it; yet, though free of desire, you always keep lifting your burden.
12.175.7
अकिञ्चनः परिपतन्सुखमास्वादयिष्यसि ।
अकिञ्चनः सुखं शेते समुत्तिष्ठति चैव ह ॥ १२.१७५.७ ॥
Wandering as one who owns nothing, you will taste happiness. He who owns nothing sleeps happily and rises happily.
12.175.8
आकिञ्चन्यं सुखं लोके पथ्यं शिवमनामयम् ।
अनमित्रपथो ह्येष दुर्लभः सुलभः सताम् ॥ १२.१७५.८ ॥
In the world, the state of owning nothing is happiness, wholesome, auspicious and free from disease. It is a path without enemies, hard to obtain yet easy for the good.
12.175.9
अकिञ्चनस्य शुद्धस्य उपपन्नस्य सर्वतः ।
अवेक्षमाणस्त्रील्लोँकान्न तुल्यमिह लक्षये ॥ १२.१७५.९ ॥
Looking across the three worlds at one who owns nothing, pure, and fully accomplished in every way, I see nothing equal to him here.
12.175.10
आकिञ्चन्यं च राज्यं च तुलया समतोलयम् ।
अत्यरिच्यत दारिद्र्यं राज्यादपि गुणाधिकम् ॥ १२.१७५.१० ॥
I weighed having nothing and kingship equally on a balance; poverty outweighed kingship, superior in merit even to it.
12.175.11
आकिञ्चन्ये च राज्ये च विशेषः सुमहानयम् ।
नित्योद्विग्नो हि धनवान्मृत्योरास्यगतो यथा ॥ १२.१७५.११ ॥
Between having nothing and kingship lies this great difference: the wealthy man is always anxious, as if he had fallen into the mouth of death.
12.175.12
नैवास्याग्निर्न चादित्यो न मृत्युर्न च दस्यवः ।
प्रभवन्ति धनं हर्तुमितरे स्युः कुतः पुनः ॥ १२.१७५.१२ ॥
Neither fire, nor the sun, nor death, nor robbers are able to seize its wealth; how then could others?
12.175.13
तं वै सदा कामचरमनुपस्तीर्णशायिनम् ।
बाहूपधानं शाम्यन्तं प्रशंसन्ति दिवौकसः ॥ १२.१७५.१३ ॥
Him who always wanders at will, sleeps on an unspread bed, uses his arms as a pillow and is calm, the dwellers in heaven praise.
12.175.14
धनवान्क्रोधलोभाभ्यामाविष्टो नष्टचेतनः ।
तिर्यग्दृष्टिः शुष्कमुखः पापको भ्रुकुटीमुखः ॥ १२.१७५.१४ ॥
The wealthy man, seized by anger and greed, his awareness lost, with a sidelong glance, a dry face, wicked, with a frowning brow.
12.175.15
निर्दशन्नधरोष्ठं च क्रुद्धो दारुणभाषिता ।
कस्तमिच्छेत्परिद्रष्टुं दातुमिच्छति चेन्महीम् ॥ १२.१७५.१५ ॥
Gnawing his lower lip, angry and harsh of speech, who would wish to look closely at him? Even if he wishes to give away the earth?
12.175.16
श्रिया ह्यभीक्ष्णं संवासो मोहयत्यविचक्षणम् ।
सा तस्य चित्तं हरति शारदाभ्रमिवानिलः ॥ १२.१७५.१६ ॥
Constant association with fortune deludes the unwise man; she seizes his mind as the wind carries off an autumn cloud.
12.175.17
अथैनं रूपमानश्च धनमानश्च विन्दति ।
अभिजातोऽस्मि सिद्धोऽस्मि नास्मि केवलमानुषः।
इत्येभिः कारणैस्तस्य त्रिभिश्चित्तं प्रमाद्यति ॥ १२.१७५.१७ ॥
Then pride of beauty and pride of wealth take hold of him. Thinking "I am of noble birth, I am accomplished, I am not merely a human," his mind is made heedless by these three causes.
12.175.18
संप्रसक्तमना भोगान्विसृज्य पितृसंचितान् ।
परिक्षीणः परस्वानामादानं साधु मन्यते ॥ १२.१७५.१८ ॥
With his mind attached, he abandons the enjoyments accumulated by his forefathers, wastes away, and considers taking others' wealth to be good.
12.175.19
तमतिक्रान्तमर्यादमाददानं ततस्ततः ।
प्रतिषेधन्ति राजानो लुब्धा मृगमिवेषुभिः ॥ १२.१७५.१९ ॥
The one who oversteps the bounds and takes from here and there, greedy kings restrain with arrows, as one would a deer.
12.175.20
एवमेतानि दुःखानि तानि तानीह मानवम् ।
विविधान्युपवर्तन्ते गात्रसंस्पर्शजान्यपि ॥ १२.१७५.२० ॥
Thus these many kinds of suffering, even those born of bodily contact, come upon a human being here.
12.175.21
तेषां परमदुःखानां बुद्ध्या भैषज्यमाचरेत् ।
लोकधर्मं समाज्ञाय ध्रुवाणामध्रुवैः सह ॥ १२.१७५.२१ ॥
For these extreme sufferings one should apply the remedy of understanding, having fully grasped the law of the world: the enduring living with the transient.
12.175.22
नात्यक्त्वा सुखमाप्नोति नात्यक्त्वा विन्दते परम् ।
नात्यक्त्वा चाभयः शेते त्यक्त्वा सर्वं सुखी भवेत् ॥ १२.१७५.२२ ॥
Without giving up, one does not attain happiness; without giving up, one does not reach the highest; without giving up, one does not sleep fearless. Having given up everything, one becomes happy.
12.175.23
इत्येतद्धास्तिनपुरे ब्राह्मणेनोपवर्णितम् ।
शम्याकेन पुरा मह्यं तस्मात्त्यागः परो मतः ॥ १२.१७५.२३ ॥
This was described to me long ago in Hāstinapura by a brahmin named Śamyāka; therefore renunciation is held to be supreme.