Mahābhārata · Adhyāya 12.189
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12.189.1
आचारस्य विधिं तात प्रोच्यमानं त्वयाऽनघ ।
श्रोतुमिच्छामि धर्मज्ञ सर्वज्ञो ह्यसि मे मतः ॥ १२.१८९.१ ॥
Dear sir, sinless one, I wish to hear the rule of good conduct as you proclaim it. Knower of dharma, in my view you are all-knowing.
12.189.2
दुराचारा दुर्विचेष्टा दुष्प्रज्ञाः प्रियसाहसाः ।
असन्तस्त्वभिविख्याताः सन्तश्चाचारलक्षणाः ॥ १२.१८९.२ ॥
Men of bad conduct, of evil behaviour, of corrupt understanding, fond of reckless deeds, are the wicked; yet the good are known by the marks of conduct.
12.189.3
पुरीषं यदि वा मूत्रं ये न कुवन्ति मानवाः ।
राजमार्गे गवां मध्ये धान्यमध्ये शिवालये।
अग्न्यगारे तथा तीरे ये न कुर्वन्ति ते शुभाः ॥ १२.१८९.३ ॥
Those men who do not void excrement or urine on the royal road, amid cattle, amid grain, in a temple of Śiva, in the fire-house, or on the riverbank, are auspicious.
12.189.4
शौचमावश्यकं कृत्वा देवतानां च तर्पणम् ।
धर्ममाहुर्मनुष्याणामुपस्पृश्य नदीं तरेत् ॥ १२.१८९.४ ॥
Having performed the necessary purification and the libation to the gods, they call this the dharma of men; having sipped water, one should cross the river.
12.189.5
सूर्यं सदोपतिष्ठेन न स्वपेद्भास्करोदये ।
सायंप्रातर्जपेत्सन्ध्यां तिष्ठन्पूर्वां तथेतराम् ॥ १२.१८९.५ ॥
One should always worship the sun and not sleep at sunrise; one should recite the twilight prayer at evening and at dawn, standing for the former, and likewise for the latter.
12.189.6
पञ्चार्द्रो भोजनं भुञ्ज्यात्प्राद्भुखो मौनमास्थितः ।
न निन्द्यादन्नभक्ष्यांश्च स्वादुस्वादु च भक्षयेत् ॥ १२.१८९.६ ॥
Having moistened the five parts, facing east and keeping silence, one should eat food; one should not revile edible food, and should eat what is tasty as tasty.
12.189.7
नार्द्रपाणिः समुत्तिष्ठेन्नार्द्रपादः स्वपेन्निशि ।
देवर्षिर्नारदः प्राह एतदाचारलक्षणम् ॥ १२.१८९.७ ॥
One should not rise with wet hands, nor sleep at night with wet feet. Nārada, the divine sage, declared this to be the mark of proper conduct.
12.189.8
शोचिष्केशमनड्वाहं देवगोष्ठं चतुष्पथम् ।
ब्राह्मणं धार्मिकं चैव नित्यं कुर्यात्प्रदक्षिणम् ॥ १२.१८९.८ ॥
Fire, the ox, the cow-pen of the gods, the crossroads, a brahmin, and a righteous man — one should always circumambulate these, keeping them on the right.
12.189.9
अतिथीनां च सर्वेषां प्रेष्याणां स्वजनस्य च ।
सामात्यं भोजनं भृत्यैः पुरुषस्य प्रशस्यते ॥ १२.१८९.९ ॥
A man is praised for eating together with his guests, all his servants, his own kinsmen, and his ministers and dependents.
12.189.10
सायंप्रातर्मनुष्याणामशनं वेदनिर्मितम् ।
नान्तरा भोजनं दृष्टमुपवासी तथा भवेत् ॥ १२.१८९.१० ॥
A person's meals are fixed by the Veda at morning and evening; eating in between is not seen as proper, and one should remain fasting in that interval.
12.189.11
होमकाले तथ्ना जुह्वन्नृतुकाले तथा व्रजन् ।
अनन्यस्त्रीजनः प्राज्ञो ब्रह्मचारी तथा भवेत् ॥ १२.१८९.११ ॥
Offering oblations quickly at the time of the sacrifice, and going to his wife in the season of fertility, the wise man should not turn to other women, and should remain a celibate.
12.189.12
अमृतं ब्राह्मणोच्छिष्टं जनन्या हृदयं कृतम् ।
तज्जनाः पर्युपासन्ते सत्यं सन्तः समासते ॥ १२.१८९.१२ ॥
The leftover of a brahmin is nectar, made from the mother's heart; people attend upon it, and the good truly dwell in it.
12.189.13
लोष्टमदीं तृणच्छेदी नखखादी तु यो नरः ।
नित्योच्छिष्टः संकसुको नेहायुर्विन्दते महत् ॥ १२.१८९.१३ ॥
The man who eats clods of earth, cuts grass, bites his nails, and always lives in leftovers and filth does not obtain a great life-span in this world.
12.189.14
यजुषा संस्कृतं मांसं निवृत्तो मांसभक्षणात् ।
भक्षयेन्न वृथामांसं पृष्ठमांसं च वर्जयेत् ॥ १२.१८९.१४ ॥
Meat consecrated with a Yajur-veda formula may be eaten by one who has abstained from eating meat; but one should not eat meat without purpose, and should avoid the meat of the back.
12.189.15
स्वदेशे परदेशे वा अतिर्थि नोपवासयेत् ।
काम्यकर्मफलं लब्ध्वा गुरूणामुपपादयेत् ॥ १२.१८९.१५ ॥
Whether in one's own land or a foreign one, one should not keep a guest fasting; having obtained the fruit of a desire-driven rite, one should offer it to the elders.
12.189.16
गुरूणामासनं देयं कर्तव्यं चाभिवादनम् ।
गुरूनभ्यर्च्य युज्येत आयुषा यशसा श्रिया ॥ १२.१८९.१६ ॥
A seat should be offered to the elders, and salutation should be made to them; having honoured the elders, one is joined to long life, fame and prosperity.
12.189.17
नेक्षेतादित्यमुद्यन्तं न च नग्नां परस्त्रियम् ।
मैथुनं सततं धर्म्यं गुह्ये चैव समाचरेत् ॥ १२.१८९.१७ ॥
One should not look at the rising sun, nor at a naked wife of another; sexual union should always be practised in accordance with dharma, and in private.
12.189.18
तीर्थानां हृदयं तीर्थं शुचीनां हृदयं शुचिः ।
सर्वमार्यकृतं धर्म्यं वालसंस्पर्शनानि च ॥ १२.१८९.१८ ॥
The heart of sacred places is the sacred place, and the heart of the pure is purity; all the righteous deeds done by the noble, and the rites of touching the hair, are also dharmic.
12.189.19
दर्शनेदर्शने नित्यं सुखप्रश्नमुदाहरेत् ।
सायं प्रातश्च विप्राणां प्रदिष्टमभिवादनम् ॥ १२.१८९.१९ ॥
At meeting and at parting one should always inquire after another's well-being; morning and evening, salutation to brahmins is prescribed.
12.189.20
देवगोष्ठे गवां मध्ये ब्राह्मणानां क्रियापथे ।
स्वाध्याये भोजने चैव दक्षिणं पाणिमुद्धरेत् ॥ १२.१८९.२० ॥
In a temple of the gods, among cows, on the path of ritual action of brahmins, in recitation of the Veda, and at meals, one should raise the right hand.
12.189.21
सायं प्रातश्च विप्राणां पूजनं च यथाविधि ।
पण्यानां शोभते पण्यं कृषीणामृद्ध्यतां कृषिः।
बहुकारं च सस्यानां वाह्ये वाहो गवां तथा ॥ १२.१८९.२१ ॥
Morning and evening, one should worship brahmins according to rule. Merchandise shines for merchants, farming shines for prosperous farmers; much labour goes into grain, and so too carrying loads for cattle outside.
12.189.22
संपन्नं भोजने नित्यं पानीये तर्पणं तथा ।
सुशृतं पायसे ब्रूयाद्यवाग्वां कृसरे तथा ॥ १२.१८९.२२ ॥
At a meal one should always say 'well prepared' (sampanna), and for drink 'libation' (tarpaṇa); for rice pudding say 'well cooked' (suśṛta), and likewise for barley gruel and the sesame-rice dish.
12.189.23
श्मश्रुकर्मणि संप्राप्ते क्षुते स्नानेऽथ भोजने ।
व्याधितानां च सर्वेषामायुष्ममभिनन्दनम् ॥ १२.१८९.२३ ॥
At the shaving of the beard, at a sneeze, at bathing, at a meal, and to all the sick, one should greet them with 'may you have long life' (āyuṣmān).
12.189.24
प्रत्यादित्यं न मेहेत न पश्येदात्मनः शकृत् ।
सुतैः स्त्रिया च शयनं सह भोज्यं च वर्जयेत् ॥ १२.१८९.२४ ॥
One should not urinate facing the sun, nor look at one's own excrement; one should avoid lying down together and eating together with sons and with one's wife.
12.189.25
त्वंकारं नामधेयं च ज्येष्ठानां परिवर्जयेत् ।
अवराणां समानानामुभयं नैव दुष्यति ॥ १२.१८९.२५ ॥
One should avoid calling elders 'you' and speaking their names; toward juniors and equals, both are not faulty.
12.189.26
हृदयं पापवृत्तानां पापमाख्याति वैकृतम् ।
ज्ञानपूर्वं विनश्यन्ति गूहमाना महाजने ॥ १२.१८९.२६ ॥
The heart of those of sinful conduct itself reveals the distortion of their sin; those who conceal a sin committed knowingly before the great assembly perish.
12.189.27
ज्ञानपूर्वकृतं पापं छादयन्त्यबहुश्रुताः ।
नैनं मनुष्याः पश्यन्ति पश्यन्त्येव दिवौकसः ॥ १२.१८९.२७ ॥
The unlearned conceal a sin committed knowingly; humans do not see it, but the dwellers of heaven indeed see it.
12.189.28
पापेनापिहितं पापं पापमेवानुवर्तते ।
धर्मेणापिहितो धर्मो धर्ममेवानुवर्तते।
धार्मिकेण कृतो धर्मो धर्ममेवानुवर्तते ॥ १२.१८९.२८ ॥
Sin concealed by sin follows only sin; dharma concealed by dharma follows only dharma; the dharma done by a righteous man follows only dharma.
12.189.29
पापं कृतं न स्मरतीह मूढो ।
विवर्तमानस्य तदेति कर्तुः।
राहुर्यथा चन्द्रमुपैति चापि ।
तथाऽबुधं पापमुपैति कर्म ॥ १२.१८९.२९ ॥
The deluded one does not remember the sin he committed here, but it turns back and reaches the doer, as Rāhu approaches the moon; so the sinful deed reaches the unwise man.
12.189.30
आशया संचितं द्रव्यं दुःखेनैवोपभुज्यते ।
तद्बुधा न प्रशंसन्ति मरणं न प्रतीक्षते ॥ १२.१८९.३० ॥
Wealth gathered through hope is enjoyed only with suffering; therefore the wise do not praise it, and death does not wait for it.
12.189.31
मानसं सर्वभूतानां धर्ममाहुर्मनीषिणः ।
तस्मात्सर्वेषु भूतेषु मनसा शिवमाचरेत् ॥ १२.१८९.३१ ॥
The wise call dharma the mental disposition of all beings; therefore toward all beings one should practise welfare with the mind.
12.189.32
एक एव चरेद्धर्मं नास्ति धर्मे सहायता ।
केवलं विधिमासाद्य सहायः किं करिष्यति ॥ १२.१८९.३२ ॥
One alone should practise dharma, for dharma has no help from others; once one has reached fate alone, what can a helper do?
12.189.33
धर्मो योनिर्मनुष्याणां देवानाममृतं दिवि ।
प्रेत्यभावे सुखं धर्माच्न्छश्वत्तैरुपभुज्यते ॥ १२.१८९.३३ ॥
Dharma is the source of humans, and in heaven it is the nectar of the gods; happiness after death comes from dharma, and they enjoy it forever.