Mahābhārata · Adhyāya 13.53
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13.53.1
वैश्ययोन्यां समुत्पन्नाः शूद्रयोन्यां तथैव च ।
ब्रह्मर्षय इति प्रोक्ताः पुराणि द्विजसत्तमाः ॥ १३.५३.१ ॥
Those born likewise from a Vaiśya womb and from a Śūdra womb are said in the Purāṇas to be brahmarṣis, O best of the twice-born.
13.53.2
कथमेतन्महाराज तत्त्वं शंसितुमर्हसि ।
विरुद्धमिह पश्यामि वियोनौ ब्राह्मणो भवेत् ॥ १३.५३.२ ॥
How, great king, ought you to declare this truth? I see a contradiction here: how could a brahmin be born from an improper womb?
13.53.3
अलं कौतूहलेनात्र निबोध त्वं युधिष्ठिर ।
शुभेतरं शुभं वाऽपि न चिन्तयितुमर्हसि ॥ १३.५३.३ ॥
Enough of curiosity on this matter, Yudhiṣṭhira; understand it. You ought not to weigh whether it is auspicious or inauspicious.
13.53.4
ईशन्त्यात्मन इत्येते गतिश्चैषां न सञ्जते ।
ब्रह्मभूयांस इत्येव ऋषयः श्रुतिचोदिताः ॥ १३.५३.४ ॥
They rule over themselves, and their course is unobstructed; these sages, enjoined by the Veda, are said to be most full of brahman.
13.53.5
निन्द्या न चैते राजेन्द्र प्रमाणं हि प्रमाणिनाम् ।
लोकोऽनुमन्यते चैतान्प्रमाणं ह्यत्र वै तपः ॥ १३.५३.५ ॥
These are not to be blamed, lord of kings, for they are the authority for those who are authorities; the world accepts them, and here the authority is indeed austerity.
13.53.6
एवं महात्मभिस्तात तपोज्ञानसमन्वितैः ।
प्रवर्तितानि कार्याणि प्रमाणान्येव सत्तम ॥ १३.५३.६ ॥
Thus, by great-souled men endowed with austerity and knowledge, deeds were set in motion, and these are indeed authoritative, dear son, best of men.
13.53.7
भार्याश्चतस्रो राजेन्द्र ब्राह्मणस्य स्वधर्मतः ।
ब्राह्मणी क्षत्रिया वैश्या शूद्रा च भरतर्षभ ॥ १३.५३.७ ॥
O lord of kings, bull of the Bharatas, a brahmin has four wives according to his own duty: a brahmin woman, a kṣatriya woman, a vaiśya woman and a śūdra woman.
13.53.8
राज्ञां तु क्षत्रिया वैश्या शूद्रा च भरतर्षभ ।
वैश्यस्य वैश्या विहिता शूद्रा च भरतर्षभ ॥ १३.५३.८ ॥
Bull of the Bharatas, for kings the prescribed wives are kṣatriya, vaiśya and śūdra women; for a vaiśya the prescribed wives are vaiśya and śūdra women.
13.53.9
शूद्रस्यैका स्मृता भार्या प्रतिलोमे तु सङ्करः ।
शूद्रायास्तु नरश्रेष्ठ चत्वारः पतयः स्मृताः ॥ १३.५३.९ ॥
For a śūdra one wife is taught; in the reverse order a mixed birth arises. O best of men, for a śūdra woman four husbands are taught.
13.53.10
वर्णोत्तमायास्तु पतिः सवर्णस्त्वेक एव सः ।
द्वौ क्षत्रियाया विहितौ ब्राह्मणः क्षत्रियस्तथा ॥ १३.५३.१० ॥
For a woman of the highest varṇa her husband is one only, of the same varṇa. For a kṣatriya woman two husbands are prescribed: a brahmin and a kṣatriya.
13.53.11
वैश्यायास्तु नरश्रेष्ठ विहिताः पतयस्त्रयः ।
सवर्णः क्षत्रियश्चैव ब्राह्मणश्च विशाम्पते ॥ १३.५३.११ ॥
O best of men, for a vaiśya woman three husbands are prescribed: one of the same varṇa, a kṣatriya, and a brahmin. O lord of the people!
13.53.12
एवंविधिमनुस्मृत्य ततस्ते ऋषिभिः पुरा ।
उत्पादिता महात्मानः पुत्रा ब्रह्मर्षयः पुरा ॥ १३.५३.१२ ॥
Having recalled such a rule, in former times the sages begat great-souled sons, brahmin seers.
13.53.13
पुराणाभ्यामृषिभ्यां तु मित्रेण वरुणेन च ।
वसिष्ठोऽथ तथाऽगस्त्यो बर्हिषव्यस्तथैव च ॥ १३.५३.१३ ॥
From the two ancient sages, Mitra and Varuṇa, were born Vasiṣṭha, Agastya and Barhiṣavya.
13.53.14
कक्षीवानार्ष्टिषेणश्च पुरुषः कष एव च ।
मामतेयस्य वै पुत्रा गौतमश्चात्मजाः स्मृताः ॥ १३.५३.१४ ॥
Kakṣīvān, Ārṣṭiṣeṇa, Puruṣa and Kaṣa are recalled as sons of Māmateya, and they are also reckoned as sons of Gautama.
13.53.15
वत्सप्रियश्च भगवान्स्थूलरश्मिस्तथाक्षणिः ।
गौतमस्यैव तनया ये दास्यां जनिता ह्युत ॥ १३.५३.१५ ॥
Vatsapriya, the revered Sthūlaraśmi and Akṣaṇi are sons of Gautama himself, who were born from a female servant.
13.53.16
कपिञ्जलादो ब्रह्मर्षिश्चाण्डाल्यामुदपद्यत ।
वैनतेयस्तथा पक्षी तुर्यायां च वसिष्ठतः ॥ १३.५३.१६ ॥
The brahmarṣi Kapiñjalāda was born from a Caṇḍāla woman, and from Vasiṣṭha in his fourth wife was born the bird Vainateya.
13.53.17
प्रसादाच्च वसिष्ठस्य शुक्लाभ्युपगमेन च ।
अदृश्यन्त्याः पिता वैश्यो नाम्ना चित्रमुखः पुरा।
ब्राह्मणत्वमनुप्राप्तो ब्रह्मर्षित्वं च कौरव ॥ १३.५३.१७ ॥
Through the grace of Vasiṣṭha and by a white union, the vaiśya Citramukha, father of Adṛśyantī, formerly attained brahminhood and the status of brahmarṣi, O Kaurava.
13.53.18
वैश्यश्चित्रमुखः कन्यां वसिष्ठतनयस्य वै ।
शुभां प्रादाद्यतो जातो ब्रह्मर्षिस्तु पराशरः ॥ १३.५३.१८ ॥
The vaiśya Citramukha gave his auspicious daughter to the son of Vasiṣṭha, and from her was born the brahmarṣi Parāśara.
13.53.19
तथैव दाशकन्यायां सत्यवत्यां महानृषिः ।
पराशरात्प्रसूतश्च व्यासो योगमयो मुनिः ॥ १३.५३.१९ ॥
Likewise, from Parāśara, the great sage, was born in the fisherman's daughter Satyavatī the sage Vyāsa, whose nature was yoga.
13.53.20
विभण्डकस्य मृग्यां च तपोयोगात्मको मुनिः ।
ऋस्यशृङ्गः समुत्पन्नो ब्रह्मचारी महायशाः ॥ १३.५३.२० ॥
From the doe of Vibhāṇḍaka was born the sage Ṛṣyaśṛṅga, whose nature was asceticism and yoga, a celibate of great fame.
13.53.21
शार्ङ्ग्यां च मन्दपालस्य चत्वारो ब्रह्मवादिनः ।
जाता ब्रह्मर्षयः पुण्या यैः स्तुतो हव्यवाहनः ॥ १३.५३.२१ ॥
From Śārṅgī, the wife of Mandapāla, were born four speakers of the Veda, pure brahmarṣis, by whom Agni, bearer of oblations, was praised.
13.53.22
द्रोणश्च स्तम्बमित्रश्च सारिसृक्वश्च बुद्धिमान् ।
जरितारिश्च विख्यातश्चत्वारः सूर्यसन्निभाः ॥ १३.५३.२२ ॥
Droṇa, Stambamitra, Sārisṛkva and the wise Jaritāri, these four renowned ones were like the sun.
13.53.23
महर्षेः कालवृक्षस्य शकुन्त्यामेव जज्ञिवान् ।
हिरण्यहस्तो भगवान्महर्षिः काञ्चनप्रभः ॥ १३.५३.२३ ॥
From the great sage Kālavṛkṣa was born in Śakuntī the blessed Hiraṇyahasta, a great sage of golden radiance.
13.53.24
पावकात्तात सम्भूता मनसा च महर्षयः ।
पितामहस्य राजेन्द्र पुरस्त्यपुलहादयः ॥ १३.५३.२४ ॥
Dear one, from Fire and from the mind of the Grandfather were born the great sages, Pulastya, Pulaha and others, O lord of kings.
13.53.25
सावर्ण्यश्चापि राजर्षिः सवर्णायामजायत ।
मृण्मय्यां भरतश्रेष्ठ आदित्येन विवस्वता ॥ १३.५३.२५ ॥
Sāvarṇya too was a royal sage, born of Savarṇā. O best of the Bharatas, in an earthen image he was born of the Sun, Vivasvat.
13.53.26
शाण्डिल्यश्चाग्नितो जातः कश्यपस्याग्रजः प्रभुः ।
शरद्वतः शरस्तम्बात्कृपश्व कृपया सह ॥ १३.५३.२६ ॥
Śāṇḍilya was born of fire; he was the elder brother and lord of Kaśyapa. From Śaradvat, from a clump of reeds, Kṛpa was born, together with Kṛpī.
13.53.27
पद्माश्च जज्ञे राजेन्द्र सोस्यपस्य महात्मनः ।
रेणुश्च रेणुका चैव राममाता यशस्विनी ॥ १३.५३.२७ ॥
O lord of kings, the Padmās were born; they were the offspring of that great-souled one. And Reṇu and Reṇukā were born too — famous Reṇukā, the mother of Rāma.
13.53.28
समुनायाः समुद्भूतः सोमकेन महात्मना ।
अर्कदन्तो महानृषिः प्रथितः पृथिवीतले ॥ १३.५३.२८ ॥
From Samunā, by the great-souled Somaka, a child was born. Arkadanta, the great sage, became renowned upon the surface of the earth.
13.53.29
अग्नेराहवनीयाच्च द्रुपदस्येन्द्रवर्चसः ।
धृष्टद्युम्नश्च सम्भूतो वेद्यां कृष्णा च भारत ॥ १३.५३.२९ ॥
From the Āhavanīya fire, from the sacrifice of Drupada radiant as Indra, Dhṛṣṭadyumna was born; and from the altar, O Bhārata, Kṛṣṇā was born.
13.53.30
व्याघ्रयोन्यां ततो जाता वसिष्ठस्य महात्मनः ।
एकोनविंशतिः पुत्राः ख्याता व्याघ्रपदादयः ॥ १३.५३.३० ॥
Then, from a tigress's womb, nineteen sons were born to the great-souled Vasiṣṭha, renowned as Vyāghrapāda and the others.
13.53.31
मन्धश्च बादलोमस्च जावालिश्च महानृषिः ।
मन्युश्चैवोपमन्युश्च सेतुकर्णस्तथैव च।
एते चान्ये च विख्याताः पृथिव्यां गोत्रतां गताः ॥ १३.५३.३१ ॥
Mandha, Bādaloma, the great sage Jāvāli, Manyu and Upamanyu, and likewise Setukarṇa; these and others, renowned on earth, became founders of lineages.
13.53.32
विश्वकाशस्य राजर्षेरैक्ष्वाकोस्तु महात्मनः ।
बालाश्वो नाम पुत्रोऽभूच्छिखां भित्त्वा विनिस्सृतः ॥ १३.५३.३२ ॥
Bālāśva, son of the great-souled royal sage Viśvakāśa of the Ikṣvāku line, was born; he emerged by splitting open the crest of the head.
13.53.33
मान्धाता चैव राजर्षिर्युवनाश्वेन धीमता ।
स्वयं धृतोऽथ गर्भेण दिव्यास्त्रबलसंयुतः ॥ १३.५३.३३ ॥
The royal sage Māndhātā was carried in the womb by the wise Yuvanāśva himself, and he was endowed with the might of divine weapons.
13.53.34
गौरिकश्चापि राजर्षिश्चक्रवर्ती महायशाः ।
बाहुदायां समुत्पन्नो नद्यां राज्ञा सुबाहुना ॥ १३.५३.३४ ॥
The royal sage Gaurika, a universal emperor of great renown, was born in the river Bāhudā to King Subāhu.
13.53.35
भूमेश्च पुत्रो नरकः संवर्तश्चैव पुष्कलः ।
अद्भिश्चैव महातेजा ऋषिर्गार्ग्योऽभ्यजायत ॥ १३.५३.३५ ॥
Naraka, son of Bhūmi, and likewise Saṃvarta and Puṣkala; and from the waters was born the sage Gārgya, of great brilliance.
13.53.36
एते चान्ये च बहवो राजन्या ब्राह्मणास्तथा ।
प्रभावेनाभिसम्भूता महर्षीणां महात्मनाम्।
नासाध्य तपसा तेषां विद्ययाऽऽत्मगुणैः परैः ॥ १३.५३.३६ ॥
These and many other kings and brahmins were born through the power of the great-souled great sages; for them nothing was unattainable through austerity, learning, and supreme inner qualities.
13.53.37
अस्मिन्नर्थे च मनुना नीतः श्लोको नराधिप ।
धर्मं प्रणयता राजंस्तं निबोध युधिष्ठिर ॥ १३.५३.३७ ॥
O lord of men Yudhiṣṭhira, on this matter Manu stated a verse, he who upheld dharma. O king, understand it.
13.53.38
ऋषिणां च नदीनां च साधूनां च महात्मनाम् ।
प्रभवो नाधिगन्तव्यः स्त्रीणां दुश्चरितस्य च ॥ १३.५३.३८ ॥
The origin of sages, rivers, the virtuous and the great-souled is not to be ascertained; nor the origin of women and of misconduct.
13.53.39
तन्नात्र चिन्ता कर्तव्या महर्षीणां समुद्भवे ।
यथा सर्वगतो ह्यग्निस्तथा तेजो महात्मसु ॥ १३.५३.३९ ॥
Therefore one should not worry about the arising of the great sages; just as fire pervades everything, so is radiance in the great-souled.