Mahābhārata · Adhyāya 1.72
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1.72.1
कृतविद्ये कचे प्राप्ते हृष्टरूपा दिवौकसः ।
कचादधीत्य तां विद्यां कृतार्था भरतर्षभ ॥ १.७२.१ ॥
When Kaca returned, having completed his studies, the gods, joyful in appearance, learned that knowledge from Kaca and were fulfilled, O bull of the Bharatas.
1.72.2
सर्व एव समागम्य शतक्रतुमथाब्रुवन् ।
कालस्ते विक्रमस्याद्य जहि शत्रून्पुरन्दर ॥ १.७२.२ ॥
All of them gathered together and said to Śatakratu: 'Now is the time for your valour, O Purandara. Strike down your enemies.'
1.72.3
एवमुक्तस्तु सहितैस्त्रिदशैर्मघवांस्तदा ।
तथेत्युक्त्वा प्रचक्राम सोऽपश्यत वने स्त्रियः ॥ १.७२.३ ॥
Thus addressed by the thirty gods, Maghavan said 'So be it,' set out, and saw women in the forest.
1.72.4
क्रीडन्तीनां तु कन्यानां वने चैत्ररथोपमे ।
वायुभूतः स वस्त्राणि सर्वाण्येव व्यमिश्रयत् ॥ १.७२.४ ॥
In the forest like Caitraratha, as the maidens played, he became wind and mixed up all their garments.
1.72.5
ततो जलात्समुत्तीर्य कन्यास्ताः सहितास्तदा ।
वस्त्राणि जगृहुस्तानि यथाऽऽसन्नान्यनेकशः ॥ १.७२.५ ॥
Then the maidens, coming up from the water together, took up the garments, each taking whichever lay nearest, again and again.
1.72.6
तत्र वासो देवयानयाः शर्मिष्ठा जगृहे तदा ।
व्यतिमिश्रमजानन्ती दुहिता वृषपर्वणः ॥ १.७२.६ ॥
There Śarmiṣṭhā, daughter of Vṛṣaparvan, took the garment of Devayānī, not knowing that the garments had been mixed up.
1.72.7
ततस्तयोर्मिथस्तत्र विरोधः समजायत ।
देवयान्याश्च राजेन्द्र शर्मिष्ठायाश्च तत्कृते ॥ १.७२.७ ॥
Then a quarrel arose between the two there, O lord of kings — between Devayānī and Śarmiṣṭhā, because of that.
1.72.8
कस्माद्गृह्णासि मे वस्त्रं शिष्या भूत्वा ममासुरि ।
समुदाचारहीनाया न ते साधु भविष्यति ॥ १.७२.८ ॥
Why do you take my garment, you who are my pupil, O daughter of the Asuras? It will not be good for you, lacking proper conduct.
1.72.9
आसीनं च शयानं च पिता ते पितरं मम ।
स्तौतिबन्दीव चाभीक्ष्णं नीचैः स्थित्वा विनीतवत् ॥ १.७२.९ ॥
Your father praises my father constantly, whether he sits or lies down, like a bard, standing humbly below, as one who is well trained.
1.72.10
याचतस्त्वं हि दुहिता स्तुवतः प्रतिगृह्णतः ।
सुताहं स्तूयमानस्य ददतोऽप्रतिगृह्णतः ॥ १.७२.१० ॥
You are the daughter of one who begs, praises and accepts; I am the daughter of one who is praised, gives, and does not accept.
1.72.11
आदुन्वस्व विदुन्वस्व द्रुह्य कुप्यस्व याचकि ।
अनायुधा सायुधाया रिक्ता क्षुभ्यसि भिक्षुकि ॥ १.७२.११ ॥
Stir yourself, be agitated, turn hostile, grow angry, O beggar woman! You are unarmed and empty before one who is armed — O mendicant, you tremble.
1.72.12
लप्स्यसे प्रतियोद्धारं न हि त्वां गणयाम्यहम् ।
प्रतिकूलं वदसि चेदितःप्रभृति याचकि ॥ १.७२.१२ ॥
You will find an opponent; I do not count you at all. From this time on, if you speak adversely, O beggar woman!
1.72.13
समुच्छ्रयं देवयानीं गतां सक्तां च वाससि ।
शर्मिष्ठा प्राक्षिपत्कूपे ततः स्वपुरमागमत्।
हतेयमिति विज्ञाय शर्मिष्ठा पापनिश्चया ॥ १.७२.१३ ॥
Śarmiṣṭhā threw Devayānī, who had fallen into the well clinging to her garment, down into it, and then returned to her own city. Believing that she was dead, Śarmiṣṭhā, resolved on evil, departed.
1.72.14
अनवेक्ष्य ययौ वेश्म क्रोधवेगपरायणा ।
प्रविश्य स्वगृहं स्वस्था धर्ममासुरमास्थिता।
अथ तं देशमभ्यागाद्ययातिर्नहुषात्मजः ॥ १.७२.१४ ॥
Consumed by the surge of anger, she went home without looking back. Entering her own house and composing herself, she took up the demonic conduct. Then Yayāti, son of Nahuṣa, came to that place.
1.72.15
श्रान्तयुग्यः श्रान्तहयो मृगलिप्सुः पिपासितः ।
स नाहुषः प्रेक्षमाण उदपानं गतोदकम् ॥ १.७२.१५ ॥
The son of Nahuṣa, his chariot-horses exhausted and his steeds tired, pursuing a deer and parched with thirst, came there, looking about at a well from which the water had gone.
1.72.16
ददर्श राजा तां तत्र कन्यामग्निशिखामिव ।
तामपृच्छत्स दृष्ट्वैव कन्याममरवर्णिनीम् ॥ १.७२.१६ ॥
There the king saw that maiden, like a flame of fire; and the moment he beheld that maiden of divine complexion, he asked her.
1.72.17
सान्त्वयित्वा नृपश्रेष्ठः साम्ना परमवल्गुना ।
का त्वं ताम्रनखी श्यामा सुमृष्टमणिकुण्डला ॥ १.७२.१७ ॥
The best of kings, soothing her with the most gentle conciliatory words, asked: "Who are you, copper-nailed, dark-complexioned, with well-polished jewelled earrings?"
1.72.18
दीर्घं ध्यायसि चात्यर्थं कस्माच्छ्वसिषि चातुरा ।
कथं च पतिताऽस्यस्मिन्कूपे वीरुत्तृणावृते ॥ १.७२.१८ ॥
Why do you brood so long and so deeply, and why do you sigh in distress? How did you fall into this well, covered with creepers and grass?
1.72.19
दुहिता चैव कस्य त्वं वद सत्यं सुमध्यमे ।
योऽसौ देवैर्हतान्दैत्यानुत्थापयति विद्यया ॥ १.७२.१९ ॥
O slender-waisted one, tell the truth: whose daughter are you? Are you the daughter of him who by his knowledge raises up the Daityas slain by the gods?
1.72.20
तस्य शुक्रस्य कन्याहं स मां नूनं न बुध्यते ।
एष मे दक्षिणो राजन्पाणिस्ताम्रनखाङ्गुलिः ॥ १.७२.२० ॥
I am the daughter of that Śukra; surely he does not know me. O king, this is my right hand, its fingers and nails copper-red.
1.72.21
समुद्धर गृहीत्वा मां कुलीनस्त्वं हि मे मतः ।
जानामि हि त्वां संशान्तं वीर्यवन्तं यशस्विनम् ॥ १.७२.२१ ॥
Take hold of me and lift me up; I consider you of noble birth. I know you to be tranquil, mighty and famous.
1.72.22
तस्मान्मां पतितामस्मात्कूपादुद्धर्तुमर्हसि ।
तामथो ब्राह्मणीं कन्यां विज्ञायनहुषात्मजः ॥ १.७२.२२ ॥
Therefore you ought to lift me, fallen from this well. Then the son of Nahuṣa, knowing her to be a Brahmin maiden,
1.72.23
गृहीत्वा दक्षिणे पाणावुज्जहार ततोऽवटात् ।
उद्धृत्य चैनां तरसा तस्मात्कूपान्नराधिपः ॥ १.७२.२३ ॥
Taking her right hand, he lifted her swiftly out of that pit; raising her up from the well, the lord of men
1.72.24
गच्छ भद्रे यथाकामं न भयं विद्यते तव ।
इत्युच्यमाना नृपतिं देवयानीदमुत्तरम् ॥ १.७२.२४ ॥
Go, gentle one, wherever you wish; you have no fear. Thus addressed by the king, Devayānī gave this reply:
1.72.25
उवाच मामुपादाय गच्छ शीघ्रं प्रियो हि मे ।
गृहीताहं त्वया पाणौ तस्माद्भर्ता भविष्यसि ॥ १.७२.२५ ॥
He said to me, "Go quickly, for you are dear to me. You have taken my hand, therefore you shall be my wife."
1.72.26
इत्येवमुक्तो नृपतिराह क्षत्रकुलोद्भवः ।
त्वं भद्रे ब्राह्मणी तस्मान्मया नार्हसि सङ्गमम् ॥ १.७२.२६ ॥
Thus addressed, the king, born of the warrior lineage, said: "You are a brahmin woman, O gentle one, and therefore you are not fit for union with me."
1.72.27
सर्वलोकगुरुः काव्यस्त्वं तस्य दुहिता शुभे ।
तस्मादपि भयं मेऽद्य ततः कल्याणि नार्हसि ॥ १.७२.२७ ॥
"O auspicious one, you are the daughter of Kāvya, the teacher of all worlds; therefore even today I fear him. O fair one, for that reason you should not do this."
1.72.28
यदि मद्वचनान्नाद्य मां नेच्छसि नराधिप ।
त्वामेव वरये पित्रा तस्माल्लप्स्यसि गच्छ हि ॥ १.७२.२८ ॥
Devayānī said: "O lord of men, if today, at my word, you do not desire me, then I will choose you from my father; therefore go."
1.72.29
आमन्त्रयित्वा सुश्रोणीं ययातिः स्वपुरं ययौ ।
गते तु नाहुषे तस्मिन्देवयान्यप्यनिन्दिता ॥ १.७२.२९ ॥
Having taken leave of the beautiful-hipped one, Yayāti, son of Nahuṣa, went to his own city. When he had gone, Devayānī, the blameless one, also...
1.72.30
क्वचिद्गत्वा च रुदती वृक्षमाश्रित्य धिष्ठिता ।
ततश्चिरायमाणायां दुहितर्यथ भार्गवः ॥ १.७२.३० ॥
Going somewhere, weeping, she stood leaning against a tree. Then, as the daughter was long in coming, the descendant of Bhṛgu...
1.72.31
संस्मृत्योवाच धात्रीं तां दुहितुः स्नेहविक्लवः ।
धात्रि त्वमानय क्षिप्रं देवयानीं समुध्यमाम् ॥ १.७२.३१ ॥
Remembering the nurse, overcome with affection for his daughter, he said: 'Nurse, bring Devayānī back quickly.'
1.72.32
इत्युक्तमात्रे सा धात्री त्वरिताऽऽनयितुं गता ।
यत्रयत्र सशीभिः सा गता पदममार्गत ॥ १.७२.३२ ॥
No sooner had he spoken than the nurse hastened to bring her back. Wherever Devayānī had gone with her companions, there she searched for their footprints.
1.72.33
सा ददर्श तथा दीनां श्रमार्तां रुदतीं स्थिताम् ।
वृत्तान्तं किमिदं भद्रे शीघ्रं वद पिताह्वयत् ॥ १.७२.३३ ॥
She saw Devayānī standing there, sorrowful, exhausted and weeping. 'Good woman, what has happened? Tell me quickly,' the father called out.
1.72.34
एवमुक्ताह धात्रीं तां शर्मिष्ठावृजिनं कृतम् ।
उवाच शोकसंतप्ता घूर्णिकामागतां पुरः ॥ १.७२.३४ ॥
Thus addressed, Devayānī, tormented by grief, told the nurse who had come before her of the wrong Śarmiṣṭhā had done.
1.72.35
त्वरितं घूर्णिके गच्छ शीघ्रमाचक्ष्व मे पितुः ॥ १.७२.३५ ॥
'Ghūrṇikā, go quickly, and tell my father at once.'
1.72.36
नेदानीं संप्रवेक्ष्यामि नगरं वृषपर्वणः ।
सा तत्र त्वरितं गत्वा घूर्णिकाऽसुरमन्दिरम् ॥ १.७२.३६ ॥
'Now I shall not enter the city of Vṛṣaparvan.' Then Ghūrṇikā hastened there and went into the palace of the asuras.
1.72.37
दृष्ट्वा काव्यमुवाचेदं संभ्रमाविष्टचेतना ।
आचचक्षे महाप्राज्ञं देवयानीं वने हताम् ॥ १.७२.३७ ॥
Seeing Kāvya, with her mind seized by agitation, she spoke these words and told the very wise one of Devayānī, struck down in the forest.
1.72.38
शर्मिष्ठया महाभाग दुहित्रा वृषपर्वणः ।
श्रुत्वा दुहितरं काव्यस्तत्र शर्मिष्ठया हताम् ॥ १.७२.३८ ॥
O greatly fortunate one, having heard that his daughter had been struck down there by Śarmiṣṭhā, the daughter of Vṛṣaparvan, Kāvya…
1.72.39
त्वरया निर्ययौ दुःखान्मार्गमाणः सुतां वने ।
दृष्ट्वा दुहितरं काव्यो देवयानीं ततो वने ॥ १.७२.३९ ॥
In grief he hastened out, searching for his daughter in the forest; having seen his daughter Devayānī in the forest, Kāvya…
1.72.40
बाहुभ्यां संपरिष्वज्य दुःखितो वाक्यमब्रवीत् ।
आत्मदोषैर्नियच्छन्ति सर्वे दुःखसुखे जनाः ॥ १.७२.४० ॥
Embracing her with both arms, grieved, he spoke these words: "All people bring about pain and pleasure by their own faults."
1.72.41
मन्ये दुश्चरितं तेऽस्ति यस्येयं निष्कृतिः कृता ।
निष्कृतिर्मेऽस्तु वा मास्तु शृणुष्वावहितो मम ॥ १.७२.४१ ॥
I think you have committed some misdeed, for which this atonement has been performed. Whether there is atonement for me or not, listen to me attentively.
1.72.42
शर्मिष्ठया यदुक्ताऽस्मि दुहित्रा वृषपर्वणः ।
सत्यं किलैतत्सा प्राह दैत्यानामसि गायनः ॥ १.७२.४२ ॥
What Śarmiṣṭhā, the daughter of Vṛṣaparvan, said to me is indeed true; she declared, "You are the singer of the Daityas."
1.72.43
एवं हि मे कथयति शर्मिष्ठा वार्षपर्वणी ।
वचनं तीक्ष्णपरुषं क्रोधरक्तेक्षणा भृशम् ॥ १.७२.४३ ॥
Thus Śarmiṣṭhā, the daughter of Vṛṣaparvan, speaks to me, her eyes greatly reddened with anger, with sharp and harsh words.
1.72.44
स्तुवतो दुहिता नित्यं याचतः प्रतिगृह्णतः ।
अहं तु स्तूयमानस्य ददतोऽप्रतिगृह्णतः ॥ १.७२.४४ ॥
You are the daughter of one who always praises, begs, and receives; but I am the one who is praised, who gives, and who does not receive.
1.72.45
इदं मामाह शर्मिष्ठा दुहिता वृषपर्वणः ।
क्रोधसंरक्तनयना दर्पपूर्णा पुनः पुनः ॥ १.७२.४५ ॥
Śarmiṣṭhā, the daughter of Vṛṣaparvan, said this to me again and again, her eyes deeply reddened with anger, full of pride.
1.72.46
यद्यह स्तुवतस्तात दुहिता प्रतिगृह्णतः ।
प्रसादयिष्ये शर्मिष्ठामित्युक्ता तु सखी मया ॥ १.७२.४६ ॥
Father, if you are the daughter of one who praises and receives, then I will appease Śarmiṣṭhā — so I said to my friend.
1.72.47
उक्ताप्येवं भृशं मां सा निगृह्य विजने वने ।
कूपे प्रक्षेपयामास प्रक्षिप्य गृहमागमत् ॥ १.७२.४७ ॥
Though I spoke thus, she seized me forcefully, threw me into a well in the deserted forest, and having thrown me in, returned home.
1.72.48
स्तुवतो दुहिता न त्वं याचतः प्रतिगृह्णतः ।
अस्तोतुः स्तूयमानस्य दुहिता देवयान्यसि ॥ १.७२.४८ ॥
You are not the daughter of one who praises, begs, and receives; you, Devayānī, are the daughter of one who does not praise and of one who is praised.
1.72.49
वृषपर्वैव तद्वेद शक्रो राजा च नाहुषः ।
अचिन्त्यं ब्रह्म निर्द्वन्द्वमैश्वरं हि बलं मम ॥ १.७२.४९ ॥
Vṛṣaparvan knows this, and Śakra and King Nahuṣa know it too. My strength is unthinkable, beyond all dualities, and the sovereign power of the sacred word.
1.72.50
जानामि जीविनीं विद्यां लोकेस्मिञ्शाश्वतीं ध्रुवम् ।
मृतः संजीवते जन्तुर्यया कमललोचने ॥ १.७२.५० ॥
I know in this world the eternal and certain life-giving knowledge, by which the dead creature is revived, O lotus-eyed one.
1.72.51
कत्थनं स्वगुणानां च कृत्वा तप्यति सज्जनः ।
ततो वक्तुमशक्तोऽस्मित्वं मे जानासि यद्बलम् ॥ १.७२.५१ ॥
A good man is pained by boasting of his own virtues, so I am unable to speak of it. You know what my strength is.
1.72.52
तसमादुत्तिष्ठ गच्छामः स्वगृहं कुलनन्दिनि ।
क्षमां कृत्वा विशालाक्षि क्षमासारा हि साधवः ॥ १.७२.५२ ॥
Therefore rise, joy of the family; let us go to our own house. Forgive me, wide-eyed one, for forbearance is the essence of good people.
1.72.53
यच्च किंचित्सर्वगतं भूमौ वा यदि वा दिवि ।
तस्याहमीश्वरो नित्यं तुष्टेनोक्तः स्वयंभुवा ॥ १.७२.५३ ॥
Whatever pervades all things, on earth or in heaven, I am its lord forever; this was declared to me by the self-existent one, who was pleased.
1.72.54
अहं जलं विमुञ्चामि प्रजानां हितकाम्यया ।
पुष्णाम्यौषधयः सर्वा इति सत्यं ब्रवीमि ते ॥ १.७२.५४ ॥
Desiring the welfare of creatures, I release the waters and nourish all the herbs. This I tell you in truth.
1.72.55
एवं विषादमापन्नां मन्युना संप्रपीडिताम् ।
वचनैर्मधुरैः श्लक्ष्णैः सान्त्वयामास तां पिता ॥ १.७२.५५ ॥
Thus, sunk in despair and sorely afflicted with grief, she was consoled by her father with sweet and gentle words.