Mahābhārata · Adhyāya 1.79
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1.79.1
पौरवेणाथ वयसा ययातिर्नहुषात्मजः ।
रूपयौवनसंपन्नः कुमारः समपद्यत।
प्रीतियुक्तो नृपश्रेष्ठश्चरा विषयान्प्रियान् ॥ १.७९.१ ॥
Then in the Paurava line, Yayāti, son of Nahuṣa, became a youth endowed with beauty and vigour. Joyful, the best of kings enjoyed the pleasing objects of the senses.
1.79.2
यथाकामं यथोत्साहं यथाकालं यथासुखम् ।
धर्माविरुद्धं राजेन्द्रो यथा भवति सोऽन्वभूत् ॥ १.७९.२ ॥
As he desired, as his zeal prompted, as the time allowed and as pleased him, the lord of kings enjoyed things in such a way that they did not run counter to dharma.
1.79.3
देवानतर्पयद्यज्ञैः श्राद्धैस्तद्वित्पितॄनपि ।
दीनाननुग्रहैरिष्टैः कामैश्च द्विजसत्तमान् ॥ १.७९.३ ॥
By sacrifices he satisfied the gods, and, knowing those rites, the ancestors too by śrāddha offerings; the needy he satisfied with favours, and the best of twice-born men with desired pleasures.
1.79.4
अतिथीनन्नपानैश्च विशश्च परिपालनैः ।
आनृशंस्येन शूद्रांश्च दस्यून्सन्निग्रहेण च ॥ १.७९.४ ॥
He satisfied guests with food and drink, the common people with protection, the servants with kindness, and robbers with proper restraint.
1.79.5
धर्मेण च प्रजाः सर्वा यथावदनुरञ्जयन् ।
ययातिः पालयामास साक्षादिन्द्र इवापरः ॥ १.७९.५ ॥
Gladdening all his subjects duly through dharma, Yayāti protected them, like a second Indra in person.
1.79.6
स राजा सिंहविक्रान्तो युवा विषयगोचरः ।
अविरोधेन धर्मस्य चचार सुखमुत्तमम् ॥ १.७९.६ ॥
That king, bold as a lion, young and moving among the objects of the senses, lived in supreme happiness without opposing dharma.
1.79.7
स संप्राप्य शुभान्कामांस्तृप्तः खिन्नश्च पार्थिवः ।
कालं वर्षसहस्रान्तं सस्मार मनुजाधिपः ॥ १.७९.७ ॥
Having obtained auspicious desires, the king was satisfied yet weary; the lord of men remembered the end of a thousand years' time.
1.79.8
परिसंख्याय कालज्ञः कलाः काष्ठाश्च वीर्यवान् ।
यौवनं प्राप्य राजर्षिः सहस्रपरिवत्सरान् ॥ १.७९.८ ॥
Reckoning the moments and intervals, the mighty royal sage who knew time, having obtained youth, counted thousands of years.
1.79.9
विश्वाच्या सहितो रेमे व्यभ्राजन्नन्दने वने ।
अलकायां स कालं तु मेरुशृङ्गे तथोत्तरे ॥ १.७९.९ ॥
He delighted with Viśvācī and shone in the Nandana grove; he spent time in Alakā and likewise on the northern peak of Meru.
1.79.10
यदा स पश्यते कालं धर्मात्मा तं महीपतिः ।
पूर्णं मत्वा ततः कालं पूरुं पुत्रमुवाच ह ॥ १.७९.१० ॥
When that righteous-souled lord of the earth saw that the time was complete, deeming it full, he then spoke to his son Pūru.
1.79.11
यथाकामं यथोत्साहं यथाकालमरिन्दम ।
सेविता विषयाः पुत्र यौवनेन मया तव ॥ १.७९.११ ॥
O subduer of foes, son, as desired, as eagerly, in due time, I have enjoyed the objects of sense through your youth.
1.79.12
न जातु कामः कामानामुपभोगेन शाम्यति ।
हविषा कृष्णवर्त्मेव भूय एवाभिवर्धते ॥ १.७९.१२ ॥
Desire is never quenched by enjoyment of desires; as the black-path fire grows again with oblations of ghee, so desire grows ever more.
1.79.13
यत्पृथिव्यां व्रीहियवं हिरण्यं पशवः स्त्रियः ।
एकस्यापि न पर्याप्तं तस्मान्नृष्णां परित्यजेत् ॥ १.७९.१३ ॥
Even the rice and barley, the gold, the cattle and the women on the earth are not enough for one man; therefore one should abandon greed.
1.79.14
या दुस्त्यजा दुर्मतिभिर्या न जीर्यति जीर्यतः ।
योऽसौ प्राणान्तिको रोगस्तांतृष्णां त्यजतः सुखम् ॥ १.७९.१४ ॥
That craving, hard for fools to abandon, which does not grow old even when the man grows old, which is a deadly disease — for the one who abandons that craving there is happiness.
1.79.15
पूर्णं वर्षसहस्रं मे विषयासक्तचेतसः ।
तथाप्यनुदिनं तृष्णा ममैतेष्वभिजायते ॥ १.७९.१५ ॥
A thousand years have been completed for me, with my mind attached to sense-objects; yet, day by day, my craving for these very things arises.
1.79.16
तस्मादेनामहं त्यक्त्वा ब्रह्मण्याधाय मानसम् ।
निर्द्वन्द्वो निर्ममो भूत्वा चरिष्यामि मृगैः सह ॥ १.७९.१६ ॥
Therefore, abandoning this craving and fixing my mind on Brahman, free from pairs of opposites and without possessiveness, I shall wander with the deer.
1.79.17
पूरो प्रीतोऽस्मि भद्रं ते गृहाणेदं स्वयौवनम् ।
राज्यं चेदं गृहाण त्वं यावदिच्छसि यौवनम्।
तावद्दीर्घायुषा भुङ्ख त्वं हि मे प्रियकृत्सुतः ॥ १.७९.१७ ॥
O Pūru, I am pleased; may blessings be yours. Take back this youth of yours, and take this kingdom too; enjoy it with youth and a long life for as long as you wish, for you are the son who has done what is dear to me.
1.79.18
प्रतिपेदे जरां राजा ययातिर्नाहुषस्तदा ।
यौवनं प्रतिपेदे च पूरुः स्वं पुनरात्मवान् ॥ १.७९.१८ ॥
Then King Yayāti, son of Nahuṣa, received old age; and Pūru, self-controlled, took back his own youth again.
1.79.19
अभिषेक्तुकामं नृपतिं पूरुं पुत्रं कनीयसम् ।
ब्राह्मणप्रमुखा वर्णा इदं वचनमब्रुवन् ॥ १.७९.१९ ॥
To the king who wished to consecrate his youngest son Pūru, the social orders, led by the brahmins, spoke these words.
1.79.20
कथं शुक्रस्य नप्तारं देवयान्याः सुतं प्रभो ।
ज्येष्ठं यदुमतिक्रम्य राज्यं पूरोः प्रयच्छसि ॥ १.७९.२० ॥
O lord, how do you give the kingdom to Pūru, passing over Yadu, the eldest, the grandson of Śukra and son of Devayānī?
1.79.21
यदुर्ज्येष्ठस्तव सुतो जातस्तमनु तुर्वसुः ।
शर्मिष्ठायाः सुतो द्रुह्युस्ततोऽनुः पूरुरेव च ॥ १.७९.२१ ॥
Your eldest son Yadu was born; after him Turvasu. Druhyu was the son of Śarmiṣṭhā, then Anu, and indeed Pūru.
1.79.22
कथं ज्येष्ठानतिक्रम्य कनीयान्राज्यमर्हति ।
एतत्संबोधयामस्त्वां धर्मं त्वं प्रतिपालय ॥ १.७९.२२ ॥
How can the younger one, passing over the elder, deserve the kingdom? This we say to you: you should uphold dharma.
1.79.23
ब्राह्मणप्रमुखा वर्णाः सर्वे शृण्वन्तु मे वचः ।
ज्येष्ठं प्रति यथा राज्यं न देयं मे कथंचन ॥ १.७९.२३ ॥
Let all the social orders, led by the brahmins, hear my words: the kingdom must in no way be given to me to the detriment of the eldest.
1.79.24
मम ज्येष्ठेन यदुना नियोगो नानुपालितः ।
प्रतिकूलः पितुर्यश्च न स पुत्रः सतां मतः ॥ १.७९.२४ ॥
My eldest son Yadu did not obey my command; one who opposes his father is not considered a son by the good.
1.79.25
मातापित्रोर्वचनकृद्धितः पथ्यश्च यः सुतः ।
स पुत्रः पुत्रवद्यश्च वर्तते पितृमातृषु ॥ १.७९.२५ ॥
The son who obeys the word of mother and father, who is beneficial and wholesome, is a true son; and one who behaves as a son toward father and mother is likewise a son.
1.79.26
पुदिति नरकस्याख्या दुःखं च नरकं विदुः ।
पुतस्त्राणात्ततः पुत्त्रमिहेच्छन्ति परत्र च ॥ १.७९.२६ ॥
'Put' is the name of hell, and hell they know as suffering; therefore, through a son's rescue, men desire a son here and hereafter.
1.79.27
आत्मनः सदृशः पुत्रः पितृदेवर्षिपूजने ।
यो बहूनां गुणकरः स पुत्रो ज्येष्ठ उच्यते ॥ १.७९.२७ ॥
The son who is like oneself, who is devoted to honouring ancestors, gods and sages, and who does good to many, is called the eldest son.
1.79.28
मूकोऽन्धो बधिरः श्वित्री स्वधर्मं नानुतिष्ठति ।
चोरः किल्बिषिकः पुत्रो ज्येष्ठो न ज्येष्ठ उच्यते ॥ १.७९.२८ ॥
A son who is mute, blind, deaf, a leper, who does not perform his own duty, a thief, or a sinner is not the eldest; he is not called the eldest.
1.79.29
ज्येष्ठांशहारी गुणकृदिह लोके परत्र च ।
श्रेयान्पुत्रो गुणोपेतः स पुत्रो नेतरो वृथा।
वदन्ति धर्मं धर्मज्ञाः पितॄणां पुत्रकारणात् ॥ १.७९.२९ ॥
The son who takes the eldest's share and does good here and hereafter is the better one; only a virtuous son is a son, the other is in vain. Those who know dharma say that a son is the duty for the sake of the ancestors.
1.79.30
वेदोक्तं संभवं मह्यमनेन हृदयोद्भवम् ।
तस्य जातमिदं कृत्स्नमात्मा पुत्र इति श्रुतिः ॥ १.७९.३० ॥
My birth, as the Veda declares, comes through him who arose from my heart; through him all this is born. 'The self is the son' — so says the scripture.
1.79.31
यदुनाऽहमवज्ञातस्तथा तुर्वसुनापि च ।
द्रुह्युना चानुना चैव मय्यवज्ञ कृता भृशम् ॥ १.७९.३१ ॥
Yadu held me in contempt, and so did Turvasu; Druhyu and Anu too showed me great disrespect.
1.79.32
पूरुणा तु कृतं वाक्यं मानितं च विशेषतः ।
कनीयान्मम दायादो धृता येन जरा मम ॥ १.७९.३२ ॥
But Pūru carried out my word and honored it especially; my youngest son, he who took my old age upon himself.
1.79.33
मम कामः स च कृतः पूरुणा मित्ररूपिणा ।
शुक्रेण च वरोदत्तः काव्येनोशनसा स्वयम् ॥ १.७९.३३ ॥
Pūru, in the form of a friend, fulfilled my desire; and Śukra, Uśanas the poet, had himself granted me the boon.
1.79.34
पुत्रो यस्त्वाऽनुवर्तेत स राजा पृथिवीपतिः ।
यो वानुवर्ती पुत्राणां स पुत्रो दायभाग्भवेत् ॥ १.७९.३४ ॥
The son who follows me shall be king, lord of the earth; or whichever of my sons is obedient shall be the heir.
1.79.35
भवतोऽनुनयाम्येवं पूरू राज्येऽभिषिच्यताम् ।
यः पुत्रो गुणसंपन्नो मातापित्रोर्हितः सदा ॥ १.७९.३५ ॥
Thus I beseech you: let Pūru be anointed in the kingdom, for he is a son endowed with virtues, ever beneficial to his mother and father.
1.79.36
सर्वमर्हति कल्याणं कनीयानपि सत्तमः ।
वेद धमार्थशास्त्रेषु मुनिभिः कथितं पुरा ॥ १.७९.३६ ॥
Though the youngest, he is the best of the good and deserves every blessing; he knows the treatises on dharma and wealth, as the sages declared of old.
1.79.37
अर्हः पूरुरिदं राज्यं यः सुतः प्रियकृत्तव ।
वरदानेन शुक्रस्य न शक्यं वक्तुमुत्तरम् ॥ १.७९.३७ ॥
Pūru, your son who has pleased you, is worthy of this kingdom; by Śukra's boon no reply can be given.
1.79.38
पौरजानपदैस्तुष्टैरित्युक्तो नाहुषस्तदा ।
अभ्यषिञ्चत्ततः पूरुं राज्ये स्वे सुतमात्मनः ॥ १.७९.३८ ॥
Thus addressed by the pleased townsmen and countrymen, Nahuṣa then anointed his son Pūru to the kingship of his own realm.
1.79.39
यदुं च तुर्वसुं चोभौ द्रुह्युं चैव सहानुजम् ।
अन्तेषु स विनिक्षिप्य नाहुषः स्वात्मजान्सुतान् ॥ १.७९.३९ ॥
Nahuṣa placed Yadu and Turvasu, both, and Druhyu together with his younger brother, his own sons, at the borders.
1.79.40
दत्त्वा च पूरवे राज्यं वनवासाय दीक्षितः ।
पुरात्स निर्ययौ राजा ब्राह्मणैस्तापसैः सह ॥ १.७९.४० ॥
Having given the kingdom to Pūru and consecrated himself for forest exile, the king went out of the city with brahmins and ascetics.
1.79.41
देवयान्या च सहितः शर्मिष्ठया च भारत ।
अकरोत्स वने राजा सभार्यस्तप उत्तमम् ॥ १.७९.४१ ॥
O Bhārata, accompanied by Devayānī and Śarmiṣṭhā, the king, with his wives, performed supreme austerity in the forest.
1.79.42
यदोस्तु यादवा जातास्तुर्वसोर्यवनाः स्मृताः ।
द्रुह्योः सुतास्तु वै भोजा अनोस्तु म्लेच्छजातयः ॥ १.७९.४२ ॥
From Yadu were born the Yādavas; from Turvasu the Yavanas are remembered. The sons of Druhyu were the Bhojas, and from Anu came the barbarian tribes.
1.79.43
पूरोस्तु पौरवो वंशो यत्र जातोऽसि पार्थिव ।
इदं वर्षसहस्राणि राज्यं कारयितुं वशी ॥ १.७९.४३ ॥
The line of Pūru is called the Paurava line, and you, O king, were born in it. This self-controlled lineage was able to rule the kingdom for thousands of years.