Mahābhārata · Adhyāya 12.101
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12.101.1
किंशीलाः किंसमुत्थानाः कथंरूपाश्च भारत ।
किंसन्नाहाः कथंशस्त्रा जनाः स्युः संयुगे नृपाः ॥ १२.१०१.१ ॥
O Bhārata, what are the dispositions, origins and appearances of kings and men in battle? With what armour and with what weapons do they fight?
12.101.2
यथाचरितमेवात्र शस्त्रं पत्रं विधीयते ।
आचाराद्धीह पुरुषस्तथा कर्मसु वर्तते ॥ १२.१०१.२ ॥
Here the weapon and the arrow are fixed according to conduct, for in this world a man engages in such actions through his conduct.
12.101.3
गान्धाराः सिन्धुसौवीरा नखरप्रासयोधिनः ।
अभीरवः सुबलिनस्तद्वलं सर्वपारगम् ॥ १२.१०१.३ ॥
The Gandharas, the Sindhus and the Sauviras, warriors who fight with claws and lances; the Abhīras, very strong; that army is capable in every respect.
12.101.4
सर्वशस्त्रेषु कुशलाः सत्ववन्तो ह्युशीनराः ।
प्राच्या मातङ्गयुद्धेषु कुशलाः कूटयोधिनः ॥ १२.१०१.४ ॥
The Uśīnaras are skilled in all weapons and full of spirit; the eastern peoples are skilled in elephant battles, and there are warriors skilled in deceptive fighting.
12.101.5
तथा यवनकाम्भोजा मधुरामभितश्च ये ।
एतेऽश्वयुद्धकुशला दाक्षिणात्याऽसिचर्मिणः।
सर्वत्र शूरा जायन्ते महासत्वा महाबलाः ॥ १२.१०१.५ ॥
Likewise the Yavanas and Kāmbojas, and those who dwell around Mathurā, are skilled in cavalry battle; the southern people bear sword and shield. Heroes are born everywhere, of great spirit and great strength.
12.101.6
आवन्तिका महाशूराश्चतुरङ्गे च मालवाः ।
एकोऽपि हि सहस्रस्य तिष्ठत्यभिमुखो रणे ॥ १२.१०१.६ ॥
The people of Avanti are very brave, and the Mālavas in the fourfold army; even a single man stands facing a thousand in battle.
12.101.7
प्रायो देशाः समुद्दिष्टा लक्षणानि तु मे शृणु ॥ १२.१०१.७ ॥
The regions have been generally described; now hear from me their characteristics.
12.101.8
सिंहशार्दूलवाङ्गेत्राः सिंहशार्दूलगामिनः ।
पारावतकुलिङ्गाक्षाः सर्वे शूराः प्रमाथिनः। ॥ १२.१०१.८ ॥
Those with eyes and voices like lion and tiger, who walk like lion and tiger, with eyes like the pigeon's kind — all of them are heroes and overpowering.
12.101.9
मृगस्वरा द्वीपिनेत्रा ऋषभाक्षास्तथा परे ।
प्रमाथिनश्च मन्द्राश्च क्रोधनाः किङ्किणीस्वनाः ॥ १२.१०१.९ ॥
Some have voices like a deer, eyes like a leopard, and eyes like a bull; others are overpowering, deep-voiced, irascible, with tinkling-bell sounds.
12.101.10
मेघस्वनाः क्रूरमुखाः केचिच्च कलनिस्वनाः ।
जिह्मनासाग्रजिह्वाश्च दूरगा दूरपातिनः ॥ १२.१०१.१० ॥
Some have thunder-like voices and cruel faces, and some have soft murmuring sounds; they have crooked noses and tongue-tips; they go far and fall far.
12.101.11
बिडालकुब्जाः स्तब्धाक्षास्तनुकेशास्तनुत्वचः ।
शीघ्राश्चपलचित्ताश्च ते भवन्ति दुरासदाः ॥ १२.१०१.११ ॥
They are hunch-backed like cats, with fixed eyes, thin hair and thin skin; they are swift and fickle-minded, and hard to approach.
12.101.12
गौरा निमीलिताः केचिन्मृदुप्रकृतयस्तथा ।
तुरङ्गगतिनिर्घोषास्ते नराः पारयिष्णवः ॥ १२.१०१.१२ ॥
Some are fair-complexioned, with half-closed eyes and gentle natures; they have a sound like a horse's gait, and those men are capable of enduring and prevailing.
12.101.13
सुसंहताः प्रतनवो व्यूढोरस्काः सुसंस्थिताः ।
प्रवादितेषु कुप्यन्ति हृष्यन्ति कलद्देषु च ॥ १२.१०१.१३ ॥
Well-massed and firm-ranked, broad-chested and well-ordered, they grow fierce when the war-horns are sounded, and they rejoice at the clamour of the kalada drums.
12.101.14
गम्भीराक्षा निसृष्टाक्षाः पिङ्गाक्षा भ्रुकुटीमुखाः ।
नकुलाक्षास्तथा चैव सर्वे शूरास्तनुत्यजः ॥ १२.१०१.१४ ॥
Deep-eyed, wide-staring-eyed, tawny-eyed, frowning-faced, and mongoose-eyed — all of them are heroes, ready to cast off their bodies.
12.101.15
जिह्नाक्षाः प्रललाटाश्च निर्मांसहनवोऽव्यथाः ।
वक्रबाह्वङ्गुलीसक्थाः कृशा धमनिसंतताः ॥ १२.१०१.१५ ॥
Tongue-eyed, broad-foreheaded, with flesh-less jaws, fearless; with crooked arms, fingers and thighs; lean, with veins standing out.
12.101.16
प्रविशन्ति च वेगेन सांपराये ह्युपस्थिते ।
वारणा इव संमत्तास्ते भवन्ति दुरासदाः ॥ १२.१०१.१६ ॥
When battle has arrived, they rush in with speed; like maddened elephants, they become hard to withstand.
12.101.17
दीप्तस्फुटितकेशान्ताः स्थूलपार्श्वहनूमुखाः ।
उन्नतांसाः पृथुग्रीवा विकटाः स्थूलपिण्डिकाः ॥ १२.१०१.१७ ॥
With blazing, split hair-ends, thick flanks and heavy jaw-faces, raised shoulders, broad necks, fearsome, with thick calves.
12.101.18
उद्बन्धा इव सुग्रीवा विनताविहगा इव ।
पिण्डशीर्षातिवक्राश्च पृषदंशमुखास्तथा ॥ १२.१०१.१८ ॥
Like men hanged, fine-necked; like bent-over birds, with compact, very crooked heads, and faces like spotted deer.
12.101.19
अग्रस्वरा मन्युमन्तो युद्धेष्वारावसारिणः ।
अधर्मज्ञाऽवलिप्ताश्च घोरा रौद्रप्रदर्शनाः ॥ १२.१०१.१९ ॥
They are loud-voiced at the front, full of wrath, moving through battles with roaring cries, ignorant of dharma, arrogant, terrible, and showing fierce forms.
12.101.20
त्यक्तात्मानः सर्व एते उदग्रा ह्यनिवर्तिनः ।
पुरस्कार्याः सदा सैन्ये हन्यन्ते घ्नन्ति चापि ते ॥ १२.१०१.२० ॥
All these have abandoned their lives, are fierce, and never turn back. In the army they should always be placed in front; they are slain, and they also slay.
12.101.21
अधार्मिका भिन्नवृत्ताः सान्त्वेनैषां पराभवः ।
एवमेव प्रदूष्यन्ते राज्ञोऽप्येते ह्यभीक्ष्णशः ॥ १२.१०१.२१ ॥
They are unrighteous and of corrupt conduct; their defeat comes through conciliation. In just this way they constantly corrupt even the king.