Mahābhārata · Adhyāya 12.243
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12.243.1
अथ ज्ञानप्लवं धीरो गृहीत्वा शान्तिमात्मनः ।
उन्मज्जंश्च निमज्जंश्च विद्यामेवाभिसंश्रयेत् ॥ १२.२४३.१ ॥
Then the steadfast man, grasping peace of the self as a raft of knowledge, should take refuge in knowledge alone as he rises and sinks.
12.243.2
किं तज्ज्ञानमथो विद्या यथा निस्तरते द्वयम् ।
प्रवृत्तिलक्षणो धर्मो निवृत्तिरिति चैव हि ॥ १२.२४३.२ ॥
What is that knowledge, and what learning is it by which one crosses over the pair? Dharma marked by engagement, and withdrawal: these two indeed.
12.243.3
यस्तु पश्यन्स्वभावेन विनाभावमचेतनः ।
पुष्णाति स पुनः सर्वान्प्रज्ञया मुक्तहेतुकः ॥ १२.२४३.३ ॥
He who, seeing by his nature the absence of being, unthinking, then nourishes all through wisdom, free from causes.
12.243.4
येषां चैकान्तभावेन स्वभावः कारणं मतम् ।
दूर्वातृणवृसीका ये ते लभन्ते न किंचन ॥ १२.२४३.४ ॥
Those for whom nature alone is held to be the cause, exclusively, they obtain nothing, like the dūrvā grass and the roots of grass.
12.243.5
येचैनं पक्षमाश्रित्य निवर्तन्त्यल्पमेधसः ।
स्वभावं कारणं ज्ञात्वा न श्रेयः प्राप्नुवन्ति ते ॥ १२.२४३.५ ॥
And those of little understanding who, taking refuge in this side, turn back, having known nature as the cause, do not obtain the good.
12.243.6
स्वभावो हि विनाशाय मोहकर्ममनोभवः ।
निरुक्तमेतयोरेतत्स्वभावपरिभावयोः ॥ १२.२४३.६ ॥
Indeed, nature is for destruction, born of delusion, action and mind. This is declared concerning these two, nature and the notion of nature.
12.243.7
कृष्यादीनीह कर्माणि सस्यसंहरणानि च ।
प्रज्ञावद्भिः प्रक्लृप्तानि यानासनगृहाणि च ॥ १२.२४३.७ ॥
Here agriculture and the like, the harvesting of crops, and vehicles, seats and houses have been devised by the wise.
12.243.8
आक्रीडानां गृहाणां च गदानामगदस्य च ।
प्रज्ञावन्तः प्रवक्तारो ज्ञानवद्भिरनुष्ठिताः ॥ १२.२४३.८ ॥
The wise expounders of amusements, of houses, of diseases and of remedies are those practised by the knowing.
12.243.9
प्रज्ञा संयोजयत्यर्थैः प्रज्ञा श्रेयोऽधिगच्छति ।
राजानो भुञ्जते राज्यं प्रज्ञया तुल्यलक्षणाः ॥ १२.२४३.९ ॥
Wisdom joins one to aims, wisdom attains the highest good; kings of like marks enjoy the kingdom through wisdom.
12.243.10
परावरं तु भूतानां ज्ञानेनैवोपलभ्यते ।
विद्यया तात सृष्टानां विद्यैवेह परा गतिः ॥ १२.२४३.१० ॥
The higher and lower of beings is perceived only through knowledge; dear son, for those who are created, learning alone is the supreme goal here.
12.243.11
भूतानां जन्म सर्वेषां विविधानां चतुर्विधम् ।
जरायुजाण्डजोद्भिज्जस्वेदजं चोपलक्षयेत् ॥ १२.२४३.११ ॥
The birth of all beings, of many kinds, is fourfold: womb-born, egg-born, sprout-born and sweat-born; one should recognize them.
12.243.12
स्थावरेभ्यो विशिष्टानि जङ्गमान्युपधारयेत् ।
उपपन्नं हि यच्चेष्टा विशिष्येत विशेष्यया ॥ १२.२४३.१२ ॥
The mobile beings should be understood as superior to the immobile ones, for what is endowed with activity is distinguished by its distinctive character.
12.243.13
आहुर्द्विबहुपादानि जङ्गमानि द्वयानि तु ।
बहुषाद्भ्यो विशिष्टानि द्विपादानि बहून्यपि ॥ १२.२४३.१३ ॥
They say moving beings are of two kinds: two-footed and many-footed. The two-footed are superior to the many-footed, and there are many two-footed beings.
12.243.14
द्विपदानि द्वयान्याहुः पार्थिवानीतराणि च ।
पार्थिवानि विशिष्टानि तानि ह्यन्नानि भुञ्जते ॥ १२.२४३.१४ ॥
They say the two-footed beings are of two kinds: earth-dwellers and the others. The earth-dwellers are superior, for they eat food.
12.243.15
पार्थिवानि द्वयान्याहुर्मध्यमान्युत्तमानि तु ।
मध्यमानि विशिष्टानि जातिधर्मोपधारणात् ॥ १२.२४३.१५ ॥
They say the earth-dwellers are of two kinds: the middling and the best. The middling are superior, because they uphold the duty of their class.
12.243.16
मध्यमानि द्वयान्याहुर्धर्मज्ञानीतराणि च ।
धर्मज्ञानि विशिष्टानि कार्याकार्योपधारणात् ॥ १२.२४३.१६ ॥
They say the middling beings are of two kinds: knowers of dharma and the others. The knowers of dharma are superior, for they discern what should and should not be done.
12.243.17
धर्मज्ञानि द्वयान्याहुर्वेदज्ञानीतराणि च ।
वेदज्ञानि विशिष्टानि वेदो ह्येषु प्रतिष्ठितः ॥ १२.२४३.१७ ॥
They say the knowers of dharma are of two kinds: knowers of the Veda and the others. The knowers of the Veda are superior, for the Veda is established in them.
12.243.18
वेदज्ञानि द्वयान्याहुः प्रवक्तृणीतराणि च ।
प्रवक्तॄणि विशिष्टानि सर्वधर्मोपधारणात् ॥ १२.२४३.१८ ॥
They say the knowers of the Veda are of two kinds: the teachers and the others. The teachers are superior, for they uphold all dharmas.
12.243.19
विज्ञायन्ते हि यैर्वेदाः सधर्माः सक्रियाफलाः ।
सधर्मा निखिला वेदाः प्रवक्तृभ्यो विनिःसृताः ॥ १२.२४३.१९ ॥
By whom the Vedas are known together with their dharma and ritual fruits — all the Vedas have issued forth from the speakers.
12.243.20
प्रवक्तॄणि द्वयान्याहुरात्मज्ञानीतराणि च ।
आत्मज्ञानि विशिष्टानि जन्माजन्मोपधारणात् ॥ १२.२४३.२० ॥
Speakers are said to be of two kinds: those who know the self and others; those who know the self are distinguished, for they grasp birth and non-birth.
12.243.21
धर्मद्वयं हि यो वेद स सर्वज्ञः स सर्ववित् ।
सत्याशीः सत्यसंकल्पः सत्यः शुचिरथेश्वरः ॥ १२.२४३.२१ ॥
He who knows the two dharmas is all-knowing, all-wise; true in blessing, true in resolve, truthful, pure, lord of chariots.
12.243.22
धर्मज्ञानप्रतिष्ठं हि तं देवा ब्राह्मणं विदुः ।
शब्दब्रह्मणि निष्णातं परे च कृतनिश्चयम् ॥ १२.२४३.२२ ॥
That brahmin, established in the knowledge of dharma, the gods know as one versed in the Brahman of sound, and firmly resolved upon the highest.
12.243.23
अन्तस्थं च बहिष्ठं च येऽधियज्ञाधिदैवतम् ।
जानन्ति तान्नमस्यामस्ते देवास्तात ते द्विजाः ॥ १२.२४३.२३ ॥
Those who know the sacrifice and the presiding deity, dwelling within and without — them we honour. Dear son, they are the gods, they are the twice-born.
12.243.24
तेषु विश्वमिदं भूतं साग्रं च जगदाहितम् ।
तेषां माहात्म्यभावस्य सदृशं नास्ति किंचन ॥ १२.२४३.२४ ॥
In them this whole creation, and the world with all its foremost things, is established; there is nothing whatsoever equal to their greatness and nature.
12.243.25
आद्यन्तनिधनं चैव कर्म चातीत्य सर्वशः ।
चतुर्विधस्य भूतस्य सर्वस्येशाः स्वयंभुवः ॥ १२.२४३.२५ ॥
Having wholly transcended beginning, end, dissolution, and action, they are the self-existent lords of all beings of the fourfold kind.