Mahābhārata · Adhyāya 12.249
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12.249.1
…तीयमायुषो भागं गृहमेधी गृहे वसेत् ।
धर्मलब्धैर्युतो दारैरग्नीनाहृत्य सुव्रतः ॥ १२.२४९.१ ॥
…In the second portion of life, the householder should dwell at home, endowed with a wife won by dharma, having kindled the sacred fires, firm in his vows.
12.249.2
गृहस्थवृत्तयश्चैव चतस्रः कविभिः स्मृताः ।
कुमूलधान्यः प्रथमः कुम्भधान्यस्त्वनन्तरम् ॥ १२.२४९.२ ॥
The wise have recorded four livelihoods of the householder; the first is kumūla-dhānya, and next is kumbha-dhānya.
12.249.3
अश्वस्तनोऽथ कापोतीमाश्रितो वृत्तिमाहरेत् ।
तेषां परः परो ज्यायान्धर्मतो लोकजित्तमः ॥ १२.२४९.३ ॥
Then, having resorted to the aśvastana or the kāpotī way, one should obtain a livelihood; of these, each later one is superior in dharma, the most conquering of worlds.
12.249.4
षट्कर्मावर्तयत्येकस्त्रिभिरन्यः प्रवर्तते ।
द्वाभ्यामेकश्चतुर्थस्तु ब्रह्मसत्रे व्यवस्थितः ॥ १२.२४९.४ ॥
One performs the six rites in cycles; another proceeds with three; one with two, and the fourth remains established in the brahma-satra.
12.249.5
गृहमेधिव्रतान्यत्र महान्तीह प्रचक्षते ।
नात्मार्थे पाचयेदन्नं न वृथा घातयेत्पशून् ॥ १२.२४९.५ ॥
Here the vows of the householder are declared great: one should not cook food for oneself, nor cause animals to be slain needlessly.
12.249.6
प्राणी वा यदि वाऽप्राणी संस्कारं यजुषाऽर्हति ।
न दिवा प्रस्वपेज्जातु न पूर्वापररात्रयोः ॥ १२.२४९.६ ॥
Whether living or non-living, it deserves consecration with a Yajus formula; one should never sleep by day, nor in the first or last part of the night.
12.249.7
न भुञ्जीतान्तराकाले नानृतावाह्वयेत्स्त्रियम् ।
नास्यानश्नन्गृहे विप्रो वसेत्कश्चिदपूजितः ॥ १२.२४९.७ ॥
One should not eat in the intervening time, nor summon one's wife outside the fertile season. A brahmin should not dwell in his house without eating there; no one should dwell there unhonored.
12.249.8
तथास्यातिथयः पूज्या हव्यकव्यवहाः सदा ।
वेदविद्याव्रतस्नाताः श्रोत्रिया वेदपारगाः ॥ १२.२४९.८ ॥
Likewise his guests are always to be honored: those who carry the offerings and the funeral oblations, purified by Veda-learning and vows, learned by hearing, who have gone to the far shore of the Vedas.
12.249.9
स्वकर्मजीविनो दान्ताः क्रियावन्तस्तपस्विनः ।
तेषां हव्यं च कव्यं चाप्यर्हणार्थं विधीयते ॥ १२.२४९.९ ॥
For those who live by their own duties, self-controlled, performers of rites, and ascetics, offerings and funeral oblations are prescribed as a mark of honor.
12.249.10
नखरैः संप्रयातस्य स्वकर्मव्यापकस्य च ।
अपविद्धाग्निहोत्रस्य गुरोर्वाऽलीकचारिणः ॥ १२.२४९.१० ॥
Of one who has been cut by nails, one who has gone away, one who neglects his own duty, one who has abandoned the agnihotra, or a teacher who acts falsely (offerings are not to be given to such).
12.249.11
संविभागोऽत्र भूतानां सर्वेषामेव शिष्यते ।
तथैवापचमानेभ्यः प्रदेयं गृहमेधिना ॥ १२.२४९.११ ॥
Here sharing with all beings is what remains as the rule; likewise the householder should give to those who cannot cook for themselves.
12.249.12
विस्साशी भवेन्नित्यं नित्यं चामृतभोजनः ।
असुत …शेषं स्याद्भोजनं हविषा समम् ॥ १२.२४९.१२ ॥
One should always be one who eats only the remainder, and always one who eats the nectar of offerings. Asuta… [gap in text] the remaining food should be equal to the oblation.
12.249.13
भृत्यशेष तु योऽश्नाति तमाहुर्विघसा शिनम् ।
विघसं भृत्यशेषं तु यज्ञशेषमथास्मृतय ॥ १२.२४९.१३ ॥
He who eats what is left by his dependents is called a vighasāśin. The remnant of the dependents is like the remnant of the sacrifice, as the traditions say.
12.249.14
स्वदारनिरतो दान्तो ह्यनसूयुर्जितेन्द्रियः ।
ऋत्विक्पुरोहिताचार्यर्मालुलातिथिनंश्रितैः ॥ १२.२४९.१४ ॥
He who delights in his own wife, is self-controlled, free from envy and has conquered his senses, who is surrounded by sacrificing priests, household priests, teachers, kinsmen, guests and dependents.
12.249.15
वृद्धबालातुरैर्वैद्यैर्ज्ञातिसंबन्धिरान्धवैः ।
मातापितृभ्यां जामीभिर्भ्रात्रा पुत्रेण भावया ॥ १२.२४९.१५ ॥
With the elderly, children, the sick, physicians, kinsmen, relatives and kin; with mother and father, sisters, brother, son and wife.
12.249.16
दुहित्रा दासवर्गेण विवादं न समाचरत् ।
एतान्विमुच्य संवादान्सर्वपापैर्विमुच्यते ॥ १२.२४९.१६ ॥
He should not quarrel with his daughter or with the group of servants. Having given up these disputes, he is freed from all sins.
12.249.17
एतैर्जितस्तु जयति सर्वाल्लोँकान्न संशयः ।
आचार्यो ब्रह्मलोकेशः प्राजापत्ये पिता प्रभुः ॥ १२.२४९.१७ ॥
He who is conquered by these conquers all the worlds, without doubt. The teacher is lord of Brahmā's world, and in the world of Prajāpati the father is lord.
12.249.18
अतिथिस्त्विन्द्रलोकस्य देवलोकस्य चर्त्विजः ।
जामयोऽप्सरसां लोके वैश्वदेवे तु ज्ञातयः ॥ १२.२४९.१८ ॥
The guest belongs to Indra's world, and the sacrificing priests to the world of the gods. Female kin are in the world of the apsarases; kinsmen are in the Vaiśvadeva rite.
12.249.19
संबन्धिबान्धवा दिक्षु पृथिव्यां मातृमातुलौ ।
बृद्धबावातुरकृशास्त्वाकाशे प्रभविष्णवः ॥ १२.२४९.१९ ॥
Relatives by marriage and kin in the directions, maternal kin and maternal uncles on earth, the old, the young, the sick and the weak, and the powerful ones in the sky.
12.249.20
भ्राता ज्येष्ठः समः पित्रा भार्या पुत्रः स्वका तनुः ।
छाया स्वा दासवर्गश्च दुहिता कृपणं परम् ॥ १२.२४९.२० ॥
The elder brother is equal to the father; wife, son and one's own body are one's own shadow; the class of servants too is one's own; but a daughter is the most pitiable.
12.249.21
तस्मादेतैरधिक्षिप्तः सहेन्नित्यमसंज्वरः ।
गृहधर्मरतो विद्वान्धर्मनित्यो जितक्लमः ॥ १२.२४९.२१ ॥
Therefore, though reproached by these, one should always bear it without fever of anger; delighting in the duties of the household, wise, constant in dharma, and having conquered weariness.
12.249.22
न चार्थबद्धः कर्माणि धर्मं वा किंचिदाचरेत् ।
गृहस्थवृत्तयस्तिस्रस्तासां निःश्रेयसं परम् ॥ १२.२४९.२२ ॥
A man bound by wealth should not perform any actions or any duty whatsoever; there are three livelihoods of the householder, and in them lies the highest good.
12.249.23
परंपरं तथैवाहुश्चातुराश्रम्यमेव तत् ।
ये चोक्ता नियमास्तेषां सर्वं कार्यं बुभूषता ॥ १२.२४९.२३ ॥
Thus they speak of the fourfold order of life one after another; and all the observances that have been declared should be carried out by one who desires welfare.
12.249.24
कुम्भधान्यैरुच्छशिलैः कापोतीं चास्थितास्तथा ।
यस्मिंश्चैते वसन्त्यर्हास्तद्राष्ट्रमभिवर्धते ॥ १२.२४९.२४ ॥
Those who have taken up the way of living by the grain of the jar, by gleaned grain, and the pigeon's way, and the realm in which these worthy ones dwell, flourishes.
12.249.25
दश पूर्वान्दश परान्पुनाति च पितामहान् ।
गृहस्थवृत्तीश्चाप्येता वर्तयेद्यो गतव्यथः ॥ १२.२४९.२५ ॥
He who, free from distress, follows these conducts of the householder purifies ten ancestors before, ten descendants after, and the grandfathers.
12.249.26
स चक्रधरलोकानां सदृशीमाप्नुयाद्गतिम् ।
वितेन्द्रियाणामथवा गतिरेषा विधीयते ॥ १२.२४९.२६ ॥
He attains a destiny like the worlds of the wheel-bearer; or this path is prescribed for those who have mastered their senses.
12.249.27
सर्वलोको गृहस्थानामुदारमनसां हितः ।
… विमानसंयुक्तो वेददृष्टः … ॥ १२.२४९.२७ ॥
For householders of generous mind, all the worlds are beneficial. … joined with celestial vehicles, seen in the Veda …
12.249.28
…लोको गृहस्थानां प्रतिष्ठा निवतात्मनान् ।
ब्रह्मणा विहिता श्रेणिरेषा पस्पाद्विधीयते।
द्वितीयं क्रमशः प्राप्य स्वर्गलोके महीयते ॥ १२.२४९.२८ ॥
… the world of householders is the foundation for those whose selves are restrained. This rank ordained by Brahmā … is prescribed. Gradually attaining the second, he is honoured in the heaven-world.
12.249.29
अतः परं परममुदारमाश्रम् ।
तृतीयमाहुस्त्यजतां कलेवरम्।
वनौकसां गृहपतिनामनुत्तमं ।
शृणुष्व संश्लिष्टशरीरकारिणाम् ॥ १२.२४९.२९ ॥
After this, hear of the supreme and noble stage of life, called the third, belonging to those who abandon the body—unsurpassed for forest-dwellers and householders alike—listen, you who keep the body disciplined.