Mahābhārata · Adhyāya 12.265
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12.265.1
इमे वै मानसाः सर्वे धर्मं प्रति विशङ्किताः ।
कोऽयं धर्मः कुतो धर्मस्तन्मे ब्रूहि पितामह ॥ १२.२६५.१ ॥
These doubts of the mind all arise concerning dharma. What is this dharma, and whence does dharma come? Grandsire, tell me that.
12.265.2
धर्मस्त्वयमिहार्थः किममुत्रार्थोपि वा भवेत् ।
उभयार्थो हि वा धर्मस्तन्मे ब्रूहि पितामह ॥ १२.२६५.२ ॥
Is this dharma's aim only here, or might it also have an aim in the next world? Or is dharma of both aims? Grandsire, tell me that.
12.265.3
सदाचारः स्मृतिर्वेदास्त्रिविधं धर्मलक्षणम् ।
चतुर्थमर्थमप्याहुः कवयो धर्मलक्षणम् ॥ १२.२६५.३ ॥
Good conduct, tradition, and the Vedas — these are the threefold marks of dharma. The wise also call artha the fourth mark of dharma.
12.265.4
अविध्युक्तानि कर्माणि व्यवस्यन्त्युप्तमूषरे ।
लोकयात्रार्थमेवेह धर्मस्य नियमः कृतः ॥ १२.२६५.४ ॥
People undertake actions not prescribed by rule, like seed sown in barren ground. It is only for the ordering of worldly life that a rule of dharma has been laid down here.
12.265.5
उभयत्र सुखोदर्क इह चैव परत्र च ।
अलब्ध्वा निपुणं धर्मं पापः पापे प्रसज्जति ॥ १२.२६५.५ ॥
Not having obtained the subtle dharma, the sinner becomes attached to sin, though dharma yields happy fruit both here and in the next world.
12.265.6
न च पापकृतः पापान्मुच्यन्ते केचिदापदि ।
अपापवादी भवति यथा भवति धर्मवित्।
धर्मस्य निष्ठा स्वाचारस्तमेवाश्रित्य चावसेत् ॥ १२.२६५.६ ॥
Some who have done sin are not released from sin even in distress. One who knows dharma becomes one who speaks no ill. The foundation of dharma is one's own conduct; one should dwell relying on that alone.
12.265.7
यथाधर्मसमाविष्टो धनं गृह्णाति तस्करः ।
रमते निर्हरस्तेनः परवित्तमराजके ॥ १२.२६५.७ ॥
As a thief, wholly given to unrighteousness, seizes wealth, so the plunderer and robber takes delight in others' goods in a land without a king.
12.265.8
यदास्य तद्धरन्त्यन्ये तदा राजानमिच्छति ।
तदा तेषां स्पृहयते ये वै तुष्टाः स्वकैर्धनैः ॥ १२.२६५.८ ॥
When others seize his wealth, then he desires a king; and then he longs for those who are content with their own riches.
12.265.9
अभीतः शुचिरभ्येति राजद्वारमशङ्कितः ।
न हि दुश्चरितं किंचिदन्तरात्मनि पश्यति ॥ १२.२६५.९ ॥
The fearless and pure man approaches the king's gate without apprehension, for he sees within himself no wrongdoing at all.
12.265.10
सत्यस्य वचनं साधु न सत्याद्विद्यते परम् ।
सत्येन विधृतं सर्वं सर्वं सत्ये प्रतिष्ठितम् ॥ १२.२६५.१० ॥
Good is the word of truth; nothing is higher than truth. All is sustained by truth, and all is established in truth.
12.265.11
अपि पापकृतो रौद्राः सत्यं कृत्वा मिथःकृतम् ।
अद्रोहमविसंवादं प्रवर्तन्ते तदाश्रयाः ॥ १२.२६५.११ ॥
Even cruel evildoers, having kept the truth they pledged among themselves, proceed without betrayal or dispute, relying upon it.
12.265.12
ते चेन्मिथ्या धृतिं कुर्युर्विनश्येयुरसंशयम् ।
न हर्तव्यं परधनमिति धर्मविदो विदुः ॥ १२.२६५.१२ ॥
If they were to make a false pledge, they would surely perish. Those who know dharma declare that another's wealth must not be taken.
12.265.13
मन्यन्ते बलवन्तस्तं दुर्बलैः संप्रवर्तितम् ।
यदा नियतिदौर्बल्यमथैषामेव रोचते ॥ १२.२६५.१३ ॥
The strong consider that conduct, set in motion by the weak, to be a weakness of fate, when it pleases them.
12.265.14
न ह्यत्यन्तं बलयुता भवन्ति सुखिनोपि वा ।
तस्मादनार्जवे बुद्धिर्न कार्या ते कदाचन ॥ १२.२६५.१४ ॥
Those endowed with strength do not remain entirely so forever, nor are they always happy. Therefore your mind should never turn to dishonesty.
12.265.15
असाधुभ्योऽस्य न भयं न चौरेभ्यो न राजतः ।
अकिंचित्कस्यचित्कुर्वन्निर्भयः शुचिरावसेत् ॥ १२.२६५.१५ ॥
He who does no harm to anyone has no fear of the wicked, of thieves, or of the king. Fearless and pure, let him dwell.
12.265.16
सर्वतः शङ्कते स्तेनो मृगो ग्राममिवेयिवान् ।
बहुधाऽऽचरितं पापमन्यत्रैवानुपश्यति ॥ १२.२६५.१६ ॥
The thief fears on all sides, like a deer that has come into a village. The sin he has committed in many ways he sees only in others.
12.265.17
मुदितः शुचिरभ्येति सर्वतो निर्भयः सदा ।
न हि दुश्चरितं किंचिदात्मनोऽन्येषु पश्यति ॥ १२.२६५.१७ ॥
The joyful and pure man goes everywhere without fear; he does not see in others any wrong conduct of his own.
12.265.18
दातव्यमित्ययं धर्म उक्तो भूतहिते रतैः ।
तं मन्यन्ते धनयुताः कृपणैः संप्रवर्तितम् ॥ १२.२६५.१८ ॥
"One should give" — this is the duty declared by those devoted to the welfare of beings. The wealthy consider it to be set in motion by the miserly.
12.265.19
यदा नियतिकार्पण्यमथैपामव रोचते ।
धनवन्तोपि नात्यन्तं भवन्ति सुखिनोपि वा ॥ १२.२६५.१९ ॥
When the meanness born of fate pleases them, even the wealthy are not utterly happy, nor even content.
12.265.20
यदन्यैर्विहितं नेच्छेदात्मनः कर्म पूरुषः ।
न तत्परेषु कुर्वीत जानन्नप्रियमात्मनः ॥ १२.२६५.२० ॥
A man should not do to others what has been done to him by others and what he does not wish for himself, knowing that it is unpleasant to himself.
12.265.21
योऽन्यस्य स्यादुपपतिः स कं किं वक्तुमर्हति ।
यदन्यस्य ततः कुर्यान्न मृष्येदिति मे मतिः ॥ १२.२६५.२१ ॥
He who becomes another's paramour, to whom and what can he rightly speak? I hold that one should not do to another what he would not himself endure.
12.265.22
जीवितुं यः स्वयं चेच्छेत्कथं सोऽन्यं प्रघातयेत् ।
यद्यदात्मन इच्छेत तत्परस्यापि चिन्तयेत् ॥ १२.२६५.२२ ॥
How can one who wishes to live himself kill another? Whatever one desires for oneself, one should also consider for another.
12.265.23
अतिरिक्तः संविभजेद्भोगैरन्यानकिंचनान् ।
एतस्मात्कारणाद्धात्रा कुसीदं संप्रवर्तितम् ॥ १२.२६५.२३ ॥
One who has a surplus should share his goods with those who have nothing; for this reason the Creator instituted the practice of lending at interest.
12.265.24
यस्मिंस्तु देवाः समये सन्तिष्ठेरंस्तथा भवेत् ।
अथ चेल्लोभसमये स्थितिर्धर्मोऽपि शोभना ॥ १२.२६५.२४ ॥
Just as the gods abide in their appointed time, so it is; and if order endures even in a time of greed, then dharma too is fair.
12.265.25
सर्वं प्रियाभ्युपगतं पुण्यमाहुर्मनीषिणः ।
पश्यैतं लक्षणोद्देशं धर्माधर्मे युधिष्ठिर ॥ १२.२६५.२५ ॥
The wise call everything that is accepted with pleasure meritorious. Look at this indication of the marks of dharma and adharma, Yudhiṣṭhira.
12.265.26
लोकसंग्रहसंयुक्तं विधात्रा विहितं पुरा ।
सूक्ष्मधर्मार्थनियतं सतां चरितमुत्तमम् ॥ १२.२६५.२६ ॥
This supreme conduct of the good, joined with the upholding of the world, was ordained long ago by the creator, fixed in subtle dharma and purpose.
12.265.27
धर्मलक्षणमाख्यातमेतत्ते कुरुसत्तम ।
तस्मादनार्जवे बुद्धिर्न ते कार्या कथंचन ॥ १२.२६५.२७ ॥
Best of the Kurus, this mark of dharma has been declared to you. Therefore let your mind never turn toward crookedness in any way.