Mahābhārata · Adhyāya 12.93
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12.93.1
यत्राधर्मं प्रणयते दुर्बले बलवत्तरः ।
तां वृत्तिमुपजीवन्ति ये भवन्ति तदन्वयाः ॥ १२.९३.१ ॥
Where the stronger inflicts unrighteousness upon the weak, those who live by that very conduct become its followers.
12.93.2
राजानमनुवर्तन्ते तं पापाभिप्रवर्तकम् ।
अविनीतमनुष्यं तत्क्षिप्रं राष्ट्रं विनश्यति ॥ १२.९३.२ ॥
The realm of people who follow a king who promotes sin and lacks discipline is quickly destroyed.
12.93.3
यद्वॄत्तमुपजीवन्ति प्रकृतिस्थस्य मानवाः ।
तदेव विषमस्थस्य स्वजनोऽपि न मृष्यते ॥ १२.९३.३ ॥
The very conduct by which people live in ordinary times is not tolerated, even by his own kin, when a man is in a difficult position.
12.93.4
साहसप्रवृत्ते र्यत्र किंचिदुल्वणमाचरेत् ।
अशास्त्रलक्षणो राजा क्षिप्रमेव विनश्यति ॥ १२.९३.४ ॥
Where a king given to rashness commits some harsh deed, a king lacking the marks prescribed by the śāstras is quickly destroyed.
12.93.5
सद्वॄत्ताचरितां वृत्तिं क्षत्रियो नानुवर्तते ।
जितानामजितानां च क्षत्रधर्मादपैति सः ॥ १२.९३.५ ॥
A kṣatriya who does not follow the conduct practiced by the good falls away from the duty of the warrior, both toward the conquered and the unconquered.
12.93.6
द्विषन्तं कृतकल्याणं गृहीत्वा नृपतिं रणे ।
यो न नयते द्वेषात्क्षत्रधर्मादपैति सः ॥ १२.९३.६ ॥
He who, having seized in battle a king who is hostile yet has done good, does not lead him away out of enmity, falls away from the duty of the warrior.
12.93.7
शक्तः आत्सुसुखो राजा कुर्यात्तारणमापदि ।
प्रियो अति भूतानां न च विभ्रश्यते श्रियः ॥ १२.९३.७ ॥
A capable king, who is content in his own happiness, should rescue others in calamity. He becomes most dear to beings, and his prosperity does not fall away.
12.93.8
अप्रियं यस्य कुर्वीत भूयस्तस्य प्रियं चरेत् ।
अचिरेण प्रियः स स्याद्योऽप्रिये प्रियमाचरेत् ॥ १२.९३.८ ॥
One should, in turn, do what is pleasing to the one to whom something unpleasant was done. He who behaves pleasantly even toward one who is unpleasant soon becomes beloved.
12.93.9
मृषावादं परिहरेत्कुर्यात्प्रियमयाचितः ।
न कामान्न च संरम्भान्न द्वेषाद्धर्ममुत्सृजेत् ॥ १२.९३.९ ॥
He should avoid false speech and do what is pleasing without being asked. Neither out of desire, nor out of anger, nor out of hatred should he abandon dharma.
12.93.10
अमाययैव वर्तेत न च सत्यं त्यजेद्बुधः ।
दमं धर्मं च शीलं च क्षत्रधर्मं प्रजाहितम् ॥ १२.९३.१० ॥
The wise man should conduct himself without deceit and should not abandon truth. He should also uphold self-restraint, dharma and good conduct, and the warrior's duty that serves the welfare of the people.
12.93.11
नापत्रपेत प्रश्नेषु नाभिभाविगिरं सृजेत् ।
न त्वरेत न चासूयेत्तथा संगृह्यते परः ॥ १२.९३.११ ॥
He should not be ashamed before questions, nor speak words that overpower others. He should not hasten, nor envy; thus the other is won over.
12.93.12
प्रिये नातिभृशं हृष्येदप्रिये न च संज्वरेत् ।
न तप्येदर्थकृच्छ्रेषु प्रजाहितमनुस्मरन् ॥ १२.९३.१२ ॥
He should not rejoice excessively at what is pleasant, nor burn with inner heat at what is unpleasant. He should not be distressed in the difficulties of affairs, keeping the welfare of the people in mind.
12.93.13
यः प्रियं कुरुते नित्यं गुणतो वसुधाधिपः ।
तस्य कर्माणि सिद्ध्यन्ति न च संत्यज्यते श्रिया ॥ १२.९३.१३ ॥
The lord of the earth who always does what is pleasing, according to merit, has his undertakings accomplished, and fortune does not forsake him.
12.93.14
निवृत्तं प्रतिकूलेभ्यो वर्तमानमनुप्रिये ।
भक्तं भजेत नृपतिस्तद्वै वृत्तं सतामिह ॥ १२.९३.१४ ॥
A king should honour the devoted man who has turned away from what is hostile and abides in what is pleasing; this is the conduct of good people here.
12.93.15
अप्रकीर्णेन्द्रियग्राममत्यन्तानुगतं शुचिम् ।
शक्तं चैवानुरक्तं च युञ्ज्यान्महति कर्मणि ॥ १२.९३.१५ ॥
One whose senses are not scattered, who is wholly devoted, pure, capable and attached, should be appointed to a great task.
12.93.16
श्रेयसो लक्षणं चैतद्विक्रमो यत्र दृश्यते ।
कीर्तिप्रधानो यश्च स्यात्समये यश्च तिष्ठति।
समर्थान्पूजयेद्यश्च न च स्पर्धेत यश्चतैः ॥ १२.९३.१६ ॥
This is the mark of prosperity: where valour is seen; one who holds fame chiefly, stands firm in due time, honours the capable, and does not compete with them.
12.93.17
एवमेतैर्गुणैर्युक्तो योऽनुरज्यति भूमिपम् ।
भर्तुरर्थेष्वप्रमत्तं नियुञ्ज्यादर्थकर्मणि ॥ १२.९३.१७ ॥
One endowed with these qualities, who is attached to the lord of the earth, should be appointed to financial business, vigilant in his master's affairs.
12.93.18
मूढमैन्द्रियकं लुब्धमनार्यचरितं शठम् ।
अनतीतोपधं हिंस्रं दुर्बुद्धिमबहुश्रुतम् ॥ १२.९३.१८ ॥
A fool, given to the senses, greedy, of ignoble conduct, deceitful, not free from trickery, cruel, ill-minded and little learned—such a man should not be appointed.
12.93.19
त्यक्तोपात्तं मद्यरतं द्यूतस्त्रीमृगयापरम् ।
कार्ये महति युञ्जानो हीयते नृपतिः श्रिया ॥ १२.९३.१९ ॥
A king who abandons his duties, delights in drink, and is devoted to dice, women, and hunting is diminished in splendour, even when engaged in a great task.
12.93.20
रक्षितात्मा च यो राजा रक्ष्यान्यश्चानुरक्षति ।
प्रजाश्च तस्य वर्धन्ते सुखं च महदश्नुते ॥ १२.९३.२० ॥
The king who protects himself and in turn protects those who are to be protected—his subjects prosper, and he enjoys great happiness.
12.93.21
ये केचिद्भूमिपतयः सर्वांस्तानन्ववेक्षयेत् ।
सुहृद्भिरनभिख्यातैस्तेन राजा न रिष्यते ॥ १२.९३.२१ ॥
One should keep watch over all the lords of the land through friends who are unknown to them; by this means the king is not destroyed.
12.93.22
अपकृत्य बलस्थस्व दूरस्थोऽस्मीति नाश्वसेत् ।
श्येनाभिपतनैरेते निपतन्ति प्रमाद्यतः ॥ १२.९३.२२ ॥
Having wronged an enemy, one should not feel reassured, thinking, 'I am strong and far away'; such enemies fall upon the heedless like the swoop of a hawk.
12.93.23
दृढमूलस्त्वदुष्टात्मा विदित्वा बलमात्मनः ।
अबलानभियुञ्जीत न तु ये बलवत्तराः ॥ १२.९३.२३ ॥
A king firmly rooted and of pure mind, knowing his own strength, should attack the weaker, not those who are stronger.
12.93.24
विक्रमेण महीं लब्ध्वा प्रजा धर्मेण पालयेत् ।
आहवे निधनं कुर्याद्राजा धर्मपरायणः ॥ १२.९३.२४ ॥
Having obtained the earth through valour, the king should protect his subjects with righteousness; the king devoted to dharma should meet death in battle.
12.93.25
मरणान्तमिदं सर्वं नेह किंचिदनामयम् ।
तस्माद्धर्मे स्थितो राजा प्रजा धर्मेम पालयेत् ॥ १२.९३.२५ ॥
All this ends in death; nothing here is free from flaw. Therefore a king established in dharma should protect his subjects with dharma.
12.93.26
रक्षाधिकरणं युद्धं तथा धर्मानुशासनम् ।
मन्त्रचिन्ता सुखं काले पञ्चभिर्वर्धते मही ॥ १२.९३.२६ ॥
The duty of protection, war, the instruction of dharma, deliberation on counsel, and happiness at the proper time — by these five the earth grows.
12.93.27
एतानि यस्य गुप्तानि स राजा राजसत्तम ।
सततं वर्तमानोऽत्र राजा भुङ्क्ते महीमिमाम् ॥ १२.९३.२७ ॥
The king in whom these are secured, O best of kings, abiding here constantly, enjoys this earth.
12.93.28
नैतान्येकेन शक्यानि सातत्येनानुवीक्षितुम् ।
एतेष्वाप्तान्प्रतिष्ठाप्य राजा भुङ्क्ते चिरं महीम् ॥ १२.९३.२८ ॥
These cannot be overseen continuously by one man alone; by appointing trustworthy men over them, the king enjoys the earth for a long time.
12.93.29
दातारं संविभक्तारं मार्दवोपगतं शुचिम् ।
असंत्यक्तमनुष्यं च तं जनाः कुर्वते नृपम् ॥ १२.९३.२९ ॥
A giver, one who shares, gentle in nature, pure, not abandoned by his people — such a king the people make their ruler.
12.93.30
यस्तु नैःश्रेयसं श्रुत्वा ज्ञानं तत्प्रतिपद्यते ।
आत्मनो मतमुत्सृज्य तं लोकोऽनुविधीयते ॥ १२.९३.३० ॥
He who, having heard of the highest good, attains that knowledge and sets aside his own opinion — the world follows him.
12.93.31
योऽर्थकामस्य वचनं प्रातिकूल्यान्न मृष्यते ।
शृणोति प्रतिकूलानि सर्वदा विमना इव ॥ १२.९३.३१ ॥
He who cannot bear the words of one seeking wealth and pleasure, because they are adverse, and always hears adverse things, as if downcast in mind.
12.93.32
अग्राम्यचरितां वृत्तिं यो न सेवेत नित्यदा ।
जितानामजितानां च क्षत्रधर्मादपैति सः ॥ १२.९३.३२ ॥
He who does not always follow a refined way of conduct departs from the warrior's duty, both toward the conquered and the unconquered.
12.93.33
निगृहीतादमात्याच्च स्त्रीभ्यश्चैव विशेषतः ।
पर्वताद्विषमाद्दुर्गाद्धस्तिनोऽश्वात्सरीसृपात्।
एतेभ्यो नित्ययुक्तः सन्रक्षेदात्मानमेव तु ॥ १२.९३.३३ ॥
From restrained ministers, and especially from women, from mountains, rough fortresses, elephants, horses and reptiles, one should always be vigilant and protect oneself.
12.93.34
मुख्यानमात्यान्यो हित्वा निहीनान्कुरुते प्रियान् ।
स वै व्यसनमासाद्य साधुमार्गं न विन्दति ॥ १२.९३.३४ ॥
He who, abandoning the chief ministers, makes inferior men his favourites, having fallen into calamity, does not find the good path.
12.93.35
यः कल्याणगुणाञ्ज्ञातीन्प्रद्वेषान्नो बुभूषति ।
अदृढात्मा दृढक्रोधः नास्यार्थो वसतेऽन्तिके ॥ १२.९३.३५ ॥
He who, out of hatred, does not wish well for his kinsmen who possess good qualities, weak in self and firm in anger, wealth does not dwell near him.
12.93.36
अथ यो गुणसंपन्नान्हृदयस्य प्रियानपि ।
प्रियेण कुरुते वश्यांश्चिरं यशसि तिष्ठति ॥ १२.९३.३६ ॥
Now, he who brings under his sway, by kindness, even those endowed with good qualities and dear to the heart, long stands in fame.
12.93.37
नाकाले प्रणयेदर्थान्नाप्रिये जातु संज्वरेत् ।
प्रिये नातिभृशं तुष्येद्युञ्जीतारोग्यकर्मणि ॥ १२.९३.३७ ॥
He should not bestow wealth at the wrong time, nor ever burn with anger at one who is not dear; he should not be overly pleased with one who is dear, and should engage in deeds that bring health.
12.93.38
के वाऽनुरक्ता राजानः के भयात्समुपाश्रिताः ।
मध्यस्थदोषाः के चैषामिति नित्यं विचिन्तयेत् ॥ १२.९३.३८ ॥
Which kings are devoted, which have taken refuge out of fear, and what are the faults of the neutral among them—one should constantly consider this.
12.93.39
न जातु बलवान्भूत्वा दुर्बले विश्वसेत्क्वचित् ।
भारुण्डसदृशा ह्येते निपतन्ति प्रमाद्यतः ॥ १२.९३.३९ ॥
Though strong, one should never trust the weak, for they fall upon the heedless like the bhāruṇḍa birds.
12.93.40
अपि सर्वगुणैर्युक्तं भर्तारं प्रियवादिन ।
अभिद्रुह्यति पापात्मा न तस्माद्विश्वसेज्जनान् ॥ १२.९३.४० ॥
Even a master endowed with all good qualities and speaking pleasantly is betrayed by the wicked-minded; therefore one should not trust people.
12.93.41
एतद्राजोपनिषदं ययातिः स्माह नाहुषः ।
मनुष्यविषये युक्तो हन्ति शत्रून्सवासवान् ॥ १२.९३.४१ ॥
This secret teaching for kings was spoken by Yayāti, son of Nahuṣa: one who is rightly engaged in human affairs slays his enemies, even together with Vāsava (Indra).