Mahābhārata · Adhyāya 13.165
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13.165.1
पितामहेन कथिता दानधर्माश्रिताः कथाः ।
मया श्रुता ऋषीणां तु संनिधौ केशवस्य च ॥ १३.१६५.१ ॥
The grandsire told stories concerned with the dharma of giving, and I heard them in the presence of the sages and of Keśava.
13.165.2
पुनः कौतूहलमभूत्तामेवाध्यात्मिकीं प्रति ।
कथाः कथय राजेन्द्र त्वदन्यः क उदाहरेत् ॥ १३.१६५.२ ॥
Again curiosity arose about those stories concerning the self. O lord of kings, tell them; who other than you could relate them?
13.165.3
एष यादवदायादस्तथानुज्ञातुमर्हति ।
ज्ञाते तु यस्मिञ्ज्ञातव्यं ज्ञातं भवति भारत ॥ १३.१६५.३ ॥
This Yādava kinsman too deserves to be permitted. O Bhārata, when he is known, all that is to be known becomes known.
13.165.4
पश्चाच्छ्रोष्यामहे राज्ञां श्राव्यान्धर्मान्पितामह ।
कौतूहलमृषीणां तु च्छेतुमर्हसि साम्प्रतम् ॥ १३.१६५.४ ॥
Afterwards we shall hear the dharmas fit for kings to hear. O grandsire, it befits you now to dispel the curiosity of the sages.
13.165.5
अत ऊर्ध्वं महाराज साङ्ख्ययोगोभयशास्त्राधि-
गतयाथात्म्यदर्शनसम्पन्नयोराचार्ययोः संवादमनुव्याख्यास्यामः ॥ १३.१६५.५ ॥
From this point on, great king, we shall expound in order the dialogue of the two teachers, both endowed with true insight gained from the treatises of Sāṅkhya and Yoga.
13.165.6
ष्टमुपससर्प भगवन्तमाचार्यं भगवानाचार्यो रुद्रः ॥ १३.१६५.६ ॥
…approached the venerable teacher; the venerable teacher was Rudra.
13.165.7
तं प्रोवाच स्वागतं महेश्वर ब्रह्मसुत एतदास-
नमास्तां भगवान् ॥ १३.१६५.७ ॥
He said to him: "Welcome, great lord, son of Brahmā. This is the seat; let the blessed one be seated."
13.165.8
इत्युक्ते चासीनो भगवाननन्तरूपो रुद्रस्तं ।
प्रोवाच भगवानपि ध्यानमावर्तयति। इत्युक्ते चाह
भगवान्सनत्कुमारस्तथेति ॥ १३.१६५.८ ॥
Thus addressed, Rudra of endless forms, seated, spoke to him; the blessed one also turns over his meditation. Thus spoken to, the blessed Sanatkumāra said, "So be it."
13.165.9
तथेत्युक्तश्च प्रोवाच भगवाञ्शङ्करस्तदा ।
परावरज्ञं सर्वस्य त्रैलोक्यस्य महामुनिम् ॥ १३.१६५.९ ॥
Thus addressed with "So be it," the blessed Śaṅkara then spoke to the great sage, knower of the higher and the lower, of all the three worlds.
13.165.10
किं वा ध्यानेन द्रष्टव्यं यद्भवाननुपश्यति ।
यच्च ध्यात्वा न शोचन्ति यतयस्तत्वदर्शिनः ॥ १३.१६५.१० ॥
"What is there to be seen through meditation, that which you perceive? And what, having meditated upon it, do ascetics and seers of truth not grieve over?"
13.165.11
कथय त्वमिमं देवं देहिनां यतिसत्तम ।
यच्च तत्पुरुषं शुद्धमित्युक्तं योगसाङ्ख्ययोः ॥ १३.१६५.११ ॥
"Tell us, best of ascetics, of this god for embodied beings, and also of that pure Puruṣa spoken of in Yoga and Sāṅkhya."
13.165.12
किमध्यात्माधिभूतं च तथा चाप्यधिदैवतम् ।
कालसङ्ख्या च का देव द्रष्टव्या तस्य ब्रह्मणः ॥ १३.१६५.१२ ॥
"O god, what is the inner self (adhyātma) of that Brahman, and also what is the elemental (adhibhūta) and the divine (adhidaivata)? And how is the reckoning of time to be seen?"
13.165.13
सङ्ख्या सङ्ख्यादनस्यैव या प्रोक्ता परमर्षिभिः ।
शास्त्रदृष्टेन मार्गेण यथावद्यतिसत्तम ॥ १३.१६५.१३ ॥
Tell rightly, by the path seen in the scriptures, the enumeration and the enumerator that the supreme sages have declared, best of ascetics.
13.165.14
यच्च तत्पुरुषं शुद्धं प्रबुद्धमजरं ध्रुवम् ।
बुध्यमानाप्रबुद्धाभ्यां विद्यावेद्यं तथैव च ॥ १३.१६५.१४ ॥
That Person is pure, awakened, ageless and steadfast, to be known by knowledge alone, by both the one who knows and the one who does not.
13.165.15
विमोक्षं त्रिविधं चैव ब्रूहि मोक्षविदांवर ।
परिसाङ्ख्यं च साङ्ख्यानां ध्यानं योगेषु चार्थवत् ॥ १३.१६५.१५ ॥
Best of those who know liberation, tell the threefold liberation, the complete enumeration of the Sāṅkhyas, and meditation in the yogas, which is meaningful.
13.165.16
एकत्वदर्शनं चैव तथा नानात्वदर्शनम् ।
अरिष्टानि च तत्वेन तथैवोत्क्रमणानि च ॥ १३.१६५.१६ ॥
The seeing of oneness and the seeing of manifoldness, the omens truly, and likewise the departures of the vital breaths.
13.165.17
दैवतानि च सर्वाणि निखिलेनानुपूर्वशः ।
यान्याश्रितानि देहेषु देहिनां यतिसत्तम।
सर्वमेतद्यथातत्वमाख्याहि मुनिसत्तम ॥ १३.१६५.१७ ॥
Tell completely and in due order all the deities that dwell in the bodies of embodied beings, best of ascetics. Tell all this as it truly is, best of sages.
13.165.18
श्रेष्ठो भवान्हि सर्वेषां ब्रह्मज्ञानामनिन्दितः ।
चतुर्थस्त्वं त्रयाणां तु ये गताःइ परमां गतिम्।
ज्ञानेन च प्राकृतेन निर्मुक्तो मृत्युबन्धनात् ॥ १३.१६५.१८ ॥
You indeed are the foremost and blameless among all knowers of Brahman; you are the fourth of those three who attained the supreme goal, and by natural knowledge you are freed from the bond of death.
13.165.19
वयं तु वैकृतं मार्गमाश्रिता वै क्षरं सदा ।
परमुत्सृज्य पन्थानममृताक्षरमेव तु ॥ १३.१६५.१९ ॥
We, indeed, have taken refuge in the altered path that is always perishable, having abandoned the supreme path, immortal and imperishable.
13.165.20
न्यूने पथि निमग्नास्तु ऐश्वर्येऽष्टगुणे तथा ।
महिमानं प्रगृह्येमं विचरामो यथासुखम् ॥ १३.१६५.२० ॥
Immersed in the inferior path and in lordship with its eight qualities, we take up this glory and wander at ease.
13.165.21
न चैतत्सुखमत्यन्तं न्यूनमेतदनन्तरम् ।
मूर्तिमत्परमेतत्स्यादिदमेवं सुसत्तम ॥ १३.१६५.२१ ॥
This happiness is not ultimate; what follows is inferior. O best of the good, this embodied state may itself be the supreme.
13.165.22
पुनः पुनश्च पतनं मूर्तिमत्युपदिश्यते ।
न पुनर्मृत्युमित्यन्यं निर्मुक्तानां तु मूर्तितः ॥ १३.१६५.२२ ॥
Repeated falling is taught only of the embodied state; but for the liberated there is no further death from embodiment: this is another condition.
13.165.23
मृत्युदोषास्त्वनन्ता वै उत्पद्यन्ते कृतात्मनाम् ।
मर्त्येषु नाकपृष्ठेषु निरयेषु महामुने ॥ १३.१६५.२३ ॥
O great sage, the faults of death are endless; they arise even in the self-controlled, among mortals, on the heavenly heights, and in hells.
13.165.24
तत्र मञ्जन्ति पुरुषाः सुखदुःखेन वेष्टिताः ॥ १३.१६५.२४ ॥
There men sink, enveloped by pleasure and pain.
13.165.25
सुखदुःखव्यपेतं च यदाहुरमृतं पदम् ।
तदहं श्रोतुमिच्छामि यथावच्छ्रुतिदर्शनात् ॥ १३.१६५.२५ ॥
That which is beyond pleasure and pain, which they call the immortal state, I wish to hear exactly as it is, according to what has been heard and seen in scripture.
13.165.26
यदुक्तं भवता वाक्यं तत्वसंज्ञेति देहिनाम् ।
चतुर्विंशतिमेवात्र केचिदाहुर्मनीषिणः ॥ १३.१६५.२६ ॥
In the statement you made, that the principle of embodied beings is called tattva, some wise thinkers here say there are twenty-four.
13.165.27
केचिदाहुस्त्रयोविंशं यथाश्रुतिनिदर्शनात् ।
वयं तु पञ्चविंशं वै तदधिष्ठानसंज्ञितम्।
तत्वं समधिमन्यामः सर्वतन्त्रप्रलापनात् ॥ १३.१६५.२७ ॥
Some say twenty-three, according to what is heard in scripture; but we hold that twenty-five, called the substrate of that, is the principle, from the discourse of all the systems.
13.165.28
अव्ययश्चैव वै व्यक्तावुभावपि पिनाकधृक् ।
सह चैव विना चैव तावन्योन्यं प्रतिष्ठितौ ॥ १३.१६५.२८ ॥
The imperishable and the manifest, both, and the wielder of the Pināka bow; those two, whether together or apart, are established upon each other.
13.165.29
हिरण्मयीं प्रविश्यैष मूर्तिं मूर्तिमतांवर ।
चकार पुरुषस्तात विकारपुरुषावुभौ ॥ १३.१६५.२९ ॥
Entering the golden form, O best of embodied beings, dear one, this Person made both the two persons of modification.
13.165.30
अव्यक्तादेक एवैष महानात्मा प्रसूयते ।
अहङ्कारेण लोकांश्च व्याप्य चाहंकृतेन वै ॥ १३.१६५.३० ॥
From the unmanifest arises this one great self; by the ego, and become egoistic, it pervades the worlds.
13.165.31
पिना सर्वं तदव्यक्तादभफिमन्यस्व शूलधृक् ।
भूतसर्गमहङ्कारात्तृतीयं विद्धि वै क्रमात् ॥ १३.१६५.३१ ॥
O bearer of the trident, from the Unmanifest all this arises. Know that the creation of the elements from egoism is the third in order.
13.165.32
अहङ्काराच्च भूतेषु चतुर्थं विद्दि वैकृतम् ।
अहङ्काराच्च जातानि युगपद्विबुधेश्वर ॥ १३.१६५.३२ ॥
Know that from egoism, among the elements, the fourth is the modified creation. O lord of the gods, from egoism these were born all at once.
13.165.33
सविशेषाणि भूतानि पञ्च प्राहुर्मनीषिणः ।
चतुर्विंशात्तु वै प्रोक्तात्पञ्चविंशोऽधितिष्ठति ॥ १३.१६५.३३ ॥
The wise speak of the five elements together with their distinctions. Above the twenty-four that have been declared, the twenty-fifth presides over them.
13.165.34
एते सर्गा मया प्रोक्ताश्चत्वारः प्राकृतास्त्विह ।
अहङ्काराच्च जातानि युगपद्विबुधेश्वर ॥ १३.१६५.३४ ॥
These four natural creations have been declared by me here. From egoism they were born all at once, O lord of the gods.
13.165.35
अङ्काराच्च भूतेषु विविधार्थं व्यजायत ।
इन्द्रियैर्युगपत्सर्वैः सो नित्यश्च समीक्षते ॥ १३.१६५.३५ ॥
And from egoism among the elements arose the mind of manifold purpose. That eternal mind perceives all at once together with all the senses.
13.165.36
मरुत्त्वं सत्वसर्गश्च तुष्टिः सिद्धिस्तथैव च ।
वैकृतानि प्रवक्ष्यामि शृणु तानि महामते ॥ १३.१६५.३६ ॥
Marutva, the creation of sattva, contentment and perfection, likewise. I shall declare the modified creations; listen to them, O great-minded one.
13.165.37
एषा तत्वचतुर्विंशन्मया शास्त्रानुमानतः ।
वर्णिता तव देवेश पञ्चविंशत्समन्विता ॥ १३.१६५.३७ ॥
Lord of gods, on the basis of scripture and inference I have described to you these twenty-four principles, together with the twenty-fifth.
13.165.38
पञ्चमोऽनुग्रहश्चैव नवैते प्राकृतैः सह ।
ऐन्द्रेप्यहमधोप्यन्यन्ममात्मनि च भास्वरः ॥ १३.१६५.३८ ॥
The fifth is grace; these nine, together with the natural principles, shine in Indra, in me, below as well, and in my own self.
13.165.39
यच्च देहमयं किञ्चित्त्रिषु लोकेषु विद्यते ।
सर्वत्रैवाभिमन्तव्यं त्वया त्रिपुरसूदन ॥ १३.१६५.३९ ॥
Whatever is embodied in the three worlds, you must regard it everywhere in that way, O destroyer of Tripura.
13.165.40
अन्यथा येऽनुपश्यन्ति ते न पश्यन्ति ब्रह्मज ।
एतदव्यक्तविषयं पञ्चविंशसमन्वितम् ॥ १३.१६५.४० ॥
Those who see otherwise do not see, O son of Brahmā. This has the unmanifest as its object, together with the twenty-five.
13.165.41
अनेन कारणेनैव तत्वमाहुर्मनीषिणः ।
विकारमात्रमेतं तु तत्वमाचक्षते परम् ॥ १३.१६५.४१ ॥
For this very reason the wise call it a principle. It is mere modification, yet they declare it to be the supreme principle.
13.165.42
निस्तत्वश्चैष देवेश बोद्धव्यं तु न बुद्ध्यते ।
यदि बुद्ध्येत्परं बुद्धं बुद्ध्यमानः सुरर्षभः।
प्रबुद्धो ह्यभिमन्येत योयं नाहमिति प्रभो ॥ १३.१६५.४२ ॥
Lord of gods, this is without principle; it ought to be known, yet it is not known. If anyone were to know the supreme, O bull of gods, awakened and understanding, he would consider that this is not I, O lord.