Mahābhārata · Adhyāya 13.176
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13.176.1
ततो युधिष्ठिरो राजा शरतल्पे पितामहम् ।
पुनरेव महाराज पप्रच्छ वदतांवरः ॥ १३.१७६.१ ॥
Then King Yudhiṣṭhira, on the bed of arrows, asked the grandsire again, O great king, best of speakers.
13.176.2
ऋषयो ब्राह्मणा देवाः प्रशंसन्ति महामते ।
अहिंसालक्षणं धर्मं वेदप्रामाण्यदर्शनात् ॥ १३.१७६.२ ॥
O wise one, sages, brahmins and gods praise dharma characterized by non-violence, because they see the authority of the Vedas in it.
13.176.3
कर्मणा न नरः कुर्वन्हिंसां पार्थिवसत्तम ।
वाचा च मनसा चैवं ततो दुःखात्प्रमुच्यते ॥ १३.१७६.३ ॥
O best of kings, a man who does not commit violence in action, speech or mind is then freed from suffering.
13.176.4
चतुर्विधेयं निर्दिष्टा ह्यहिंसा ब्रह्मवादिभिः ।
एकैकतोऽपि विभ्रष्टा न भवत्यरिसूदन ॥ १३.१७६.४ ॥
The speakers of Brahman have declared non-violence to be fourfold; O destroyer of foes, if even one of these falls away, it is no longer non-violence.
13.176.5
यथा सर्वश्चतुष्पाद्वै त्रिभिः पादैर्न तिष्ठति ।
तथैवेयं महीपाल कारणैः प्रोच्यते त्रिभिः ॥ १३.१७६.५ ॥
Just as a four-footed creature cannot stand on three feet, so too, O protector of the earth, this non-violence is spoken of through three causes.
13.176.6
यथा नागपदेऽन्यानि पदानि पदगामिनाम् ।
सर्वाण्येवापिधीयन्ते पदजातानि कौञ्जरे ॥ १३.१७६.६ ॥
Just as in the footprint of an elephant all the footprints of other walking creatures are contained, so in the elephant's track all the tracks are gathered.
13.176.7
एवं लोकेष्वहिंसा तु निर्दिष्टा धर्मतः पुरा ।
कर्म्णा लिप्यते जन्तुर्वाचा च मनसाऽपि च ॥ १३.१७६.७ ॥
Thus in the worlds non-violence has been declared from of old, in accordance with dharma. A living being is stained by action, by speech, and also by mind.
13.176.8
पूर्वं तु मनसा त्यक्त्वा त्यजेद्वाचाऽथ कर्मणा ।
हिंसां तु नोपयुञ्जीत तथा हिंसा चतुर्विधा ॥ १३.१७६.८ ॥
First one should abandon it by mind, then abandon it by speech and then by action. One should never employ violence, for violence is of four kinds.
13.176.9
काये मनसि वाक्येऽपि दोषा ह्येते प्रकीर्तिताः ।
न भक्षयति यो मांसं त्रिविधं स विमुच्यते ॥ १३.१७६.९ ॥
These faults are declared to lie in the body, in the mind, and in speech as well. He who does not eat meat in three ways is freed.
13.176.10
त्रिकारणं तु निर्दिष्टं श्रूयते ब्रह्मवादिभिः ।
मनो वाचि तथाऽऽस्वादे दोषा ह्येषु प्रतिष्ठिताः ॥ १३.१७६.१० ॥
Three causes are declared, as is heard from the knowers of Brahman: mind, speech, and the relish of taste. In these faults are established.
13.176.11
न भक्षयन्त्यतो मांसं तपोयुक्ता मनीषिणः ।
दोषांस्तु भक्षणे राजन्मांसस्येह निबोध मे ॥ १३.१७६.११ ॥
Therefore the wise who are devoted to asceticism do not eat meat. O king, learn from me here the faults of eating meat.
13.176.12
पुत्र मांसोपमं जानन्खादते यो विचेतनः ।
मांसं मोहसमायुक्तः पुरुषः सोऽधमः स्मृतः ॥ १३.१७६.१२ ॥
The senseless man who eats meat, knowing it to be like the flesh of his son, endowed with delusion, is considered the lowest of men.
13.176.13
पितृमातृसमायोगे पुत्रत्वं जायते यथा ।
हिंसां कृत्वाऽवशः पापो भूयिष्ठं जायते तथा ॥ १३.१७६.१३ ॥
Just as a son is born from the union of father and mother, so the sinner who, powerless, has committed violence is mostly born in the same way.
13.176.14
रसश्च हृदि जिह्वाया ज्ञानं प्रज्ञायते यथा ।
तथा शास्त्रेषु नियतं रागो ह्यास्वादिताद्भवेत् ॥ १३.१७६.१४ ॥
Just as the taste of the tongue is known in the heart, so in the scriptures attachment certainly arises from having tasted them.
13.176.15
संस्कृतासंस्कृताः पक्वा लवणालवणास्तथा ।
प्रजायन्ते यथा भावास्तथा चित्तं निरुध्यते ॥ १३.१७६.१५ ॥
Just as seasoned and unseasoned, cooked, salted and unsalted things give rise to their respective qualities, so the mind is restrained.
13.176.16
भेरीमृदङ्गशब्दांश्च तन्त्रीशब्दांश्च पुष्कलान् ।
निषेविष्यन्ति वै मन्दा मांसभक्षाः कथं नराः ॥ १३.१७६.१६ ॥
How will foolish men who eat flesh ever enjoy abundantly the sounds of the kettledrum and mṛdaṅga, and the notes of the strings?
13.176.17
परेषां धनधान्यानां हिसकाः स्तावकास्तथा ।
प्रशंसकाश्च मांसस्य नित्यं स्वर्गे बहिष्कृताः ॥ १३.१७६.१७ ॥
Those who plunder the wealth and grain of others, who do violence, who flatter, and who praise meat are always cast out from heaven.
13.176.18
अचिन्तितमनिर्दिष्टमसङ्कल्पितमेव च ।
रसगृद्ध्याऽभिभूता ये प्रशंसन्ति फलार्थिनः ॥ १३.१७६.१८ ॥
Those overpowered by greed for taste, who, without thought, without prescription, and even without intention, praise (it) seeking its fruits...
13.176.19
प्रशंसा ह्येव मांसस्य दोषकल्पफलान्विता ॥ १३.१७६.१९ ॥
Praise of meat itself is linked to faults, false imaginings and the fruits sought by the greedy.
13.176.20
भस्म विष्ठा कृमिर्वाऽपि निष्ठा यस्येदृशी ध्रुवा ।
स कायः परपीडाभिः कथं धार्योविपश्चिता ॥ १३.१७६.२० ॥
How can a wise man sustain a body whose sure end is ash, excrement or worms, by inflicting pain on others?
13.176.21
जीवितं हि परित्यज्य बहवः साधवो जनाः ।
स्वमांसैः परमांसानि परिपाल्य दिवं गताः ॥ १३.१७६.२१ ॥
Many good people gave up their lives, protecting the flesh of others with their own flesh, and went to heaven.
13.176.22
एवमेषा महाराज चतुर्भिः कारणैः स्मृता ।
अहिंसा तव निर्दिष्टा सर्वधर्मानुसंहिता ॥ १३.१७६.२२ ॥
Thus, great king, non-violence has been set forth for you for four reasons, connected with all duties.