Mahābhārata · Adhyāya 13.193
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13.193.1
ततस्त्वृषिगणाः सर्वे पितरश्च सदेवताः ।
अरुन्धतीं तपोवृद्धामपृच्छन्त समाहिताः ॥ १३.१९३.१ ॥
Then all the groups of sages, together with the ancestors and the gods, attentive and composed, questioned Arundhatī, who was advanced in austerity.
13.193.2
समानशीलां वीर्येण वसिष्ठस्य महात्मनः ।
त्वत्तो धर्मरहस्यानि श्रोतुमिच्छामहे वयम्।
यत्ते गुह्यतमं भद्रे तत्प्रभाषितुमर्हसि ॥ १३.१९३.२ ॥
Equal to the great-souled Vasiṣṭha in disposition and power, O auspicious one, we wish to hear from you the secrets of dharma. You should speak forth what is most secret to you.
13.193.3
तपोवृद्धिर्मया प्राप्ता भवतां स्मरणेन वै ।
भवतां च प्रसादेन धर्मान्वक्ष्यामि शाश्वतान् ॥ १३.१९३.३ ॥
By your remembrance I have indeed obtained an increase of austerity, and by your grace I shall speak the eternal dharmas.
13.193.4
सगुह्यान्सरहस्यांश्च ताञ्शृणुद्वमशेषतः ।
श्रद्दधाने प्रयोक्तव्या यस्य शुद्धं तथा मनः ॥ १३.१९३.४ ॥
Listen to all of them completely, together with the secret and the mysterious. It should be taught to one who has faith and whose mind is thus pure.
13.193.5
अश्रद्दधानो मानी च ब्रह्महा गुरुतल्पग ।
असम्भाष्या हि चत्वारो नैषां धर्मं प्रकाशयेत् ॥ १३.१९३.५ ॥
The faithless, the arrogant, the slayer of a Brahmin, and the defiler of a teacher's bed — these four are not to be spoken to, and dharma should not be revealed to them.
13.193.6
अहन्यहनि यो दद्यात्कपिलां द्वादशीः समाः ।
मासिमासि च सत्रेण यो यजेत सदा नरः ॥ १३.१९३.६ ॥
The man who gives tawny cows every day for twelve years, and who performs a sattra sacrifice every month —
13.193.7
गवां शतसहस्रं च यो दद्याज्ज्येष्ठपुष्करे ।
न तद्धर्मफलं तुल्यमतिथिर्यस्य तुष्यति ॥ १३.१९३.७ ॥
He who gives a hundred thousand cows at Jyeṣṭhapuṣkara does not gain a fruit of dharma equal to that of the one by whom a guest is pleased.
13.193.8
श्रूयतां चापरो धर्मो मनुष्याणां सुखावहः ।
श्रद्दधानेन कर्तव्यः सरहस्यो महाफलः ॥ १३.१९३.८ ॥
Now hear another dharma that brings happiness to men. It is to be performed with faith, together with its secret teaching; its fruit is great.
13.193.9
कल्यमुत्थाय गोमध्ये गृह्य दर्भान्सहोदकान् ।
निषिञ्चेत गवां शृङ्गे मस्तकेन च तज्जलम्।
प्रतीच्छेत निराहारस्तस्यि धर्मफलं शृणु ॥ १३.१९३.९ ॥
Rising at dawn, taking darbha grass together with water, among the cows, he should sprinkle water on a cow's horn and receive that water on his head, fasting. Hear now the fruit of dharma of this.
13.193.10
श्रूयन्ते यानि तीर्थानि त्रिषु लोकेषु कानिचित् ।
सिद्धचारणजुष्टानि सेवितानि महर्षिभिः।
अभिषेकः समस्तेषां गवां शृङ्गोदकस्य च ॥ १३.१९३.१० ॥
Whatever sacred fords are heard of in the three worlds, frequented by Siddhas and Cāraṇas and resorted to by great sages, among all of them the anointing with water from a cow's horn is equal to bathing.
13.193.11
साधुसाध्विति चोद्दिष्टं दैवतैः पितृभिस्तथा ।
भूतैश्चैव सुसंहृष्टैः पूजिता साऽप्यरुन्धती ॥ १३.१९३.११ ॥
'Well done, well done!' was proclaimed by the gods, by the ancestors, and likewise by the greatly delighted beings; and that Arundhatī too was honored.
13.193.12
अहो धर्मो महाभागे सरहस्य उदाहृतः ।
वरं ददामि ते धन्ये तपस्ते वर्दतां सदा ॥ १३.१९३.१२ ॥
Oh! O greatly fortunate one, the dharma has been declared together with its secret teaching. O blessed one, I grant you a boon: may your austerity always increase.
13.193.13
रमणीया कथा दिव्या युष्मत्तो या मया श्रुता ।
श्रूयतां चित्रगुप्तस्य भाषितं मम च प्रियम् ॥ १३.१९३.१३ ॥
Hear the delightful divine story I have heard from you, and hear also the dear words spoken by Citragupta.
13.193.14
रहस्यं धर्मसंयुक्तं शक्यं श्रोतुं महर्षिभिः ।
श्रद्दधानेन मर्त्येन आत्मनो हितमिच्छाता ॥ १३.१९३.१४ ॥
This secret teaching, joined with dharma, is fit to be heard by the great sages; a faithful mortal who desires his own welfare may hear it too.
13.193.15
न हि पुण्यं तथा पापं कृतं किञ्चिद्विनश्यति ।
पर्वकाले च यत्किंचिदादित्यं चाधितिष्ठति ॥ १३.१९३.१५ ॥
No merit or sin that has been done is truly lost; and whatever happens at the time of the festival, the sun presides over it.
13.193.16
प्रेतलोकं गते मर्त्ये तत्तत्सर्वं विभावसुः ।
प्रतिजानाति पुण्यात्मा तच्चि तत्रोपयुज्यते ॥ १३.१९३.१६ ॥
When a mortal goes to the world of the dead, the virtuous Vibhāvasu (Agni) recognizes all of it, and it is put to use there.
13.193.17
किञ्चिद्धर्म प्रवक्ष्यामि चित्रगुप्तमतं शुभम् ।
पानीयं चैव दीपं च दातव्यं सततं तथा ॥ १३.१९३.१७ ॥
Now I shall declare some dharma according to the auspicious view of Citragupta: water and a lamp should always be given in this way.
13.193.18
उपानहौ च च्छत्रं च कपिला च यथातथम् ।
पुष्करे कपिला देया ब्राह्मणे वेदपारगे ॥ १३.१९३.१८ ॥
Sandals and an umbrella, and a tawny cow too, should be given as is proper; at Puṣkara a tawny cow should be given to a brahmin who has mastered the Vedas.
13.193.19
अग्निहोत्रं च यत्नेन सर्वशः प्रतिपालयेत् ।
अयं चैवापरो धर्मश्चित्रगुप्तेन भाषितः ॥ १३.१९३.१९ ॥
The agnihotra should be carefully maintained in every way. This is another duty, declared by Citragupta.
13.193.20
फलमस्य पृथक्त्वेन श्रोतुमर्हन्ति सत्तमाः ।
प्रलयं सर्वभूतैस्तु गन्तव्यं कालपर्ययात् ॥ १३.१९३.२० ॥
Worthy, best of men, are you to hear its fruit separately; yet all beings must go to dissolution as time turns.
13.193.21
तत्र दुर्गमनुप्राप्ताः क्षुत्तृष्णापरिपीडिताः ।
दह्यमाना विपच्यन्ते न तत्रास्ति पलायनम् ॥ १३.१९३.२१ ॥
Having reached that difficult path, tormented by hunger and thirst, they burn and suffer; there is no escape there.
13.193.22
अन्धकारं तमो घोरं प्रविशन्त्यल्पबुद्धयः ।
तत्र धर्मं प्रवक्ष्यामि येन दुर्गाणि सन्तरेत् ॥ १३.१९३.२२ ॥
People of little wisdom enter terrible darkness and gloom. There I will declare the dharma by which one may cross over difficulties.
13.193.23
अल्पव्ययं महार्थं च प्रेत्य चैव सुखोदयम् ।
पानीयस्य गुणा दिव्याः प्रेतलोके विशेषतः ॥ १३.१९३.२३ ॥
Little expense brings great benefit, and after death the rising of happiness; the divine virtues of water are especially (fruitful) in the world of the dead.
13.193.24
तत्र पुण्योदका नाम नदी तेषां विधीयते ।
अक्षयं सलिलं तत्र शीतलं ह्यमृतोपमम् ॥ १३.१९३.२४ ॥
There a river named Puṇyodakā is appointed for them; its water is inexhaustible, cool, and like nectar.
13.193.25
स तत्र तोयं पिबति पीनीयं यः प्रयच्छति ।
प्रदीपस्य प्रदानेन श्रूयतां गुणविस्तरः ॥ १३.१९३.२५ ॥
He who gives a lamp there drinks abundant water. Hear the full account of the merit of giving a lamp.
13.193.26
तमोन्धकारं नियतं दीपदो न प्रपश्यति ।
प्रभां चास्य प्रयच्छन्ति सोमभास्करपावकाः।
देवताश्चानुमन्यन्ते विमलाः सर्वतो दिशः ॥ १३.१९३.२६ ॥
The giver of a lamp surely does not fail to see in thick darkness; the moon, the sun and fire grant him radiance, and the deities and the pure quarters on every side approve of him.
13.193.27
द्योततें च यथाऽऽदित्यः प्रेतलोकगतो नरः ।
तस्माद्दीपः प्रदातव्यः पानीयं च विशेषतः ॥ १३.१९३.२७ ॥
A man gone to the realm of the dead shines like the sun; therefore a lamp should be given, and especially water to drink.
13.193.28
कपिलां ये प्रयच्छन्ति ब्राह्मणे वेदपारगे ।
पुष्करे च विशेषेण श्रूयतां तस्य यत्फलम् ॥ १३.१९३.२८ ॥
Those who give a tawny cow to a brahmin who has mastered the Vedas, especially at Puṣkara — hear the fruit of that.
13.193.29
गोशतं सवृषं तेन दत्तं भवति शाश्वतम् ।
पापं कर्म च यत्किञ्चिद्ब्रह्महत्यासमं भवेत्।
शोधयेत्कपिला ह्येका प्रदत्तं गोशतं यथा ॥ १३.१९३.२९ ॥
A hundred cows with a bull, given by him, become eternal. Whatever sinful deed there may be, even equal to the slaying of a brahmin, a single tawny cow purifies it, as if a hundred cows had been given.
13.193.30
तस्मात्तु कपिला देया कौमुद्यां ज्येष्ठपुष्करे ।
न तेषां विषमं किञ्चिन्न दुःखं न च कण्टकाः ॥ १३.१९३.३० ॥
Therefore a tawny cow should be given on Kaumudī at the eldest Puṣkara. For them there is no adversity, no sorrow, and no thorns.
13.193.31
उपानहौ च यो दद्यात्पात्रभूते द्विजोत्तमे ।
छत्रदाने सुखां छायां लभते परलोकगः ॥ १३.१९३.३१ ॥
He who gives sandals to a worthy best of the twice-born, and gives an umbrella as a gift, obtains pleasant shade when he goes to the other world.
13.193.32
न हि दत्तस्य दानस्य नाशोऽस्तीह कदाचन ।
चित्रगुप्तमतं श्रुत्वा हृष्टरोमा विभावसुः ॥ १३.१९३.३२ ॥
The gift once given never perishes here at all. Hearing the teaching of Chitragupta, Vibhāvasu (Fire) was thrilled, his hair standing on end.
13.193.33
उवाच देवताः सर्वाः पितॄंश्चैव महाद्युतिः ।
श्रुतं हि चित्रगुप्तस्य धर्मगुह्यं महात्मनः ॥ १३.१९३.३३ ॥
The greatly radiant one spoke to all the gods and the ancestors: "I have heard the secret teaching of dharma of the great-souled Chitragupta."
13.193.34
श्रद्दधानाश्च ये मर्त्या ब्राह्मणेषु महात्मसु ।
दानमेतत्प्रयच्छन्ति न तेषां विद्यते भयम् ॥ १३.१९३.३४ ॥
Those mortals who, full of faith, offer this gift to the great-souled brahmins, have no fear.
13.193.35
धर्मदोषास्त्विमे पञ्च येषां नास्तीह निष्कृतिः ।
असंभाष्या अनाचारा वर्जनीया नराधमाः ॥ १३.१९३.३५ ॥
These five faults against dharma have no expiation here. Men of unrighteous conduct, the lowest of men, are not to be spoken to and are to be shunned.
13.193.36
ब्रह्महा चैव गोघ्नश्च परदाररतश्च यः ।
अश्रद्दधानश्च नरः स्त्रियं यश्चोपजीवति ॥ १३.१९३.३६ ॥
The slayer of a brahmin, the killer of a cow, he who delights in another's wife, the faithless man, and he who lives off a woman's earnings—
13.193.37
प्रेतलोकगता ह्येते नरके पापकर्मिणः ।
पच्यन्ते वै यथा मीनाः पूयशोणितभोजनाः ॥ १३.१९३.३७ ॥
Gone to the realm of the dead, these doers of evil are cooked in hell like fish whose food is pus and blood.
13.193.38
असम्भाष्याः पितॄणां च देवानां चैव पञ्च ते ।
स्नातकानां च विप्राणां ये चान्ये च तपोधनाः ॥ १३.१९३.३८ ॥
The ancestors and the gods, the graduates and the brahmins, and the other men whose wealth is austerity — these five are not to be spoken to.