Mahābhārata · Adhyāya 13.201
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13.201.1
श्रुतं मे भवतस्तात सत्यव्रतपराक्रम ।
दानधर्मेण महता ये प्राप्तास्त्रिदिवं नृपाः ॥ १३.२०१.१ ॥
Dear sir, I have heard from you, O you of true vow and valour, of the kings who attained heaven through the great dharma of giving.
13.201.2
इमांस्तु श्रोतुमिच्छामि ध्रमान्धर्मभृतांवर ।
दानं कतिविधं देयं किं तस्य च फलं लभेत् ॥ १३.२०१.२ ॥
I wish to hear these duties of the upholders of dharma, O best of men. How many kinds of giving are there, what should be given, and what fruit does one obtain from it?
13.201.3
कथं केभ्यस्च धर्म्यं च दानं दातव्यमिष्यते ।
कैः कारणैः कतिविधं श्रोतुमिच्छामि तत्त्वतः ॥ १३.२०१.३ ॥
How, and to whom, should giving be made in accordance with dharma? For what reasons, and in how many kinds, I wish to hear this truly.
13.201.4
शृणु तत्त्वेन कौन्तेय दानं प्रति ममानघ ।
यथा दानं प्रदातव्यं सर्ववर्णेषु भारत ॥ १३.२०१.४ ॥
Listen to me truly about giving, O son of Kuntī, O sinless one. O descendant of Bharata, as giving should be made to all the social classes.
13.201.5
धर्मादर्थाद्भयात्कामात्कारुण्यादिति भारत ।
दानं पञ्चविधं ज्ञेयं कारणैर्यैर्निबोध तत् ॥ १३.२०१.५ ॥
From dharma, from wealth, from fear, from desire, from compassion, O descendant of Bharata — giving should be known as fivefold. Understand the motives by which it is done.
13.201.6
इह कीर्तिमवाप्नोति प्रेत्य चानुत्तमं सुखम् ।
इति दानं प्रदातव्यं ब्राह्मणेभ्योऽनसूयता ॥ १३.२०१.६ ॥
Here he obtains fame, and after death the highest happiness. Thus giving should be made to brahmins, without envy.
13.201.7
ददाति वा दास्यति वा मह्यं दत्तमनेन वा ।
इत्यर्तिभ्यो निशम्यैव सर्वं दातव्यमर्थिने ॥ १३.२०१.७ ॥
"He gives, or will give, or has been given to me by him" — having heard thus from the afflicted, one should give everything to the petitioner.
13.201.8
नास्याहं न मदीयोऽयं पापं कुर्याद्विमानितः ।
इति दद्याद्भयादेव दृढं मूढाय पण्डितः ॥ १३.२०१.८ ॥
"I am not his, nor is he mine; having been dishonored, may he not commit sin" — thinking thus, out of fear alone, the wise man should firmly give even to the fool.
13.201.9
प्रियो मे यं प्रियोऽस्याहमिति सम्प्रेक्ष्य बुद्धिमान् ।
वयस्यायैवमक्लिष्टं दानं दद्यादतन्द्रितः ॥ १३.२०१.९ ॥
"He whom I hold dear holds me dear" — having considered thus, the wise man should give a gift to a friend in this way, without distress, untiringly.
13.201.10
दीनश्च याचते चायमल्पेनापि हि तुष्यति ।
इति दद्याद्दरिद्राय कारुण्यादिति सर्वथा ॥ १३.२०१.१० ॥
"This one is wretched and begs, and is satisfied even with little" — thinking thus, one should give to the poor man out of compassion, in every way.
13.201.11
इति पञ्चविधं दानं पुण्यकीर्तिविवर्धनम् ।
यथाशक्त्या प्रदातव्यमेवमाह प्रजापतिः ॥ १३.२०१.११ ॥
Thus fivefold giving, which increases merit and fame, should be given according to one's ability — so said Prajāpati.