Mahābhārata · Adhyāya 13.215
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13.215.1
मृगयात्रां तु वक्ष्यामि शृणु तां धर्मिचारिणि ।
मृगान्हत्वा महीपालो यथा पापैर्न लिप्यते ॥ १३.२१५.१ ॥
I shall tell of the hunting expedition; listen to it, O you who follow dharma: having slain deer, a king is not stained by sins.
13.215.2
निर्मानुषामिमां सर्वे मृगा इच्छन्ति मेदिनीम् ।
भक्षयन्ति च सस्यानि शासितव्या नृपेण ते ॥ १३.२१५.२ ॥
All the deer wish to make this earth free of humans, and they devour the crops; they must be restrained by the king.
13.215.3
दुष्टानां शासनं धर्मः शिष्टानां परिपालनम् ।
कर्तव्यं भूमिपालेन नित्यं कार्येषु चार्जवम्।
स्वर्गं मृगाश्च गच्छन्ति स्वयं नृपतिना हताः ॥ १३.२१५.३ ॥
Restraining the wicked and protecting the virtuous is dharma; the protector of the earth must always be upright in his affairs. Deer slain by the king himself also go to heaven.
13.215.4
यथा गावो ह्यगोपालास्तथा राष्ट्रमनायकम् ।
तस्मादंशास्तु देवानां गन्धर्वोरगरक्षसाम्।
राज्ये नियुक्ता राष्ट्रेषु प्रजापालनकारणात् ॥ १३.२१५.४ ॥
Just as cows without a herdsman, so a realm without a leader. Therefore portions of the gods, Gandharvas, serpents and rākṣasas have been appointed to rule the realms for the protection of the people.
13.215.5
अशिष्टशासने चैव शिष्टानां परिपालने ।
तेषां चर्यां प्रवक्ष्यामि श्रूयतामनुपूर्वशः ॥ १३.२१५.५ ॥
In restraining the wicked and protecting the virtuous, I shall declare their conduct in due order; listen.
13.215.6
यथा प्रचरतां तेषां पार्थिवानां यशस्विनाम् ।
राष्ट्रं धर्मो धनं चैव यशः कीर्तिश्च वर्धते ॥ १३.२१५.६ ॥
As those famous kings conduct themselves thus, the realm, dharma, wealth, fame and renown grow.
13.215.7
नृपाणां पूर्वमेवायं धर्मो धर्मभृतांवर ।
सभाप्रपातटाकानि देवतायतनानि च।
ब्राह्मणावसथाश्चैव कर्तव्या नृपसत्तमैः ॥ १३.२१५.७ ॥
O best of those who uphold dharma, this is first of all the duty of kings: the best of kings should build assembly halls, water-booths, reservoirs, shrines of the gods, and dwellings for brahmins.
13.215.8
ब्राह्मणा नावमन्तव्या भस्मच्छन्ना इवाग्नयः ।
कुलमुत्सादयेयुस्ते क्रोधाविष्टा द्विजातयः ॥ १३.२१५.८ ॥
Brahmins must not be disrespected; they are like fires covered with ash. Those twice-born men, seized by anger, could uproot an entire lineage.
13.215.9
ध्मायमानो यता ह्यग्निर्निर्दहेत्सर्वमिन्धनम् ।
तथा क्रोधाग्निना विप्रा दहेयुः पृथिवीमिमाम्।
न हि विप्रेषु क्रुद्धेषु राज्यं भुञ्जन्ति भूमिपाः ॥ १३.२१५.९ ॥
Just as a fire, when blown upon, burns up all its fuel, so brahmins, by the fire of their anger, could burn this very earth. When brahmins are angered, kings do not enjoy their kingdom.
13.215.10
परिभूय द्विजान्मोहाद्वातापिनहुषादयः ।
सबन्धुमित्रा नष्टास्ते दग्धा ब्राह्मणमन्युभिः।
शरीरं चापि शक्रस्य कृतं भगनिरन्तरम् ॥ १३.२१५.१० ॥
Having through delusion disrespected the twice-born, Vātāpi, Nahuṣa and others perished with their kin and friends, burned by the wrath of brahmins. Even Indra's body was covered with the marks of the vulva.
13.215.11
ततो देवगणाः सर्वे इन्द्रस्यार्थे महामुनिम् ।
प्रसादं कारयामासुः प्रणासस्तुतिवन्दनैः ॥ १३.२१५.११ ॥
Then all the hosts of gods, for Indra's sake, obtained the favor of that great sage with obeisance, praise and salutation.
13.215.12
तेन प्रीतेन सुश्रोणि गौतमेन महात्मना ।
तच्छरीरं तु शक्रस्य सहस्रभगचिह्नितम्।
कृतं नेत्रसहस्रेण क्षणेनैव निरन्तरम् ॥ १३.२१५.१२ ॥
Pleased by that great-souled Gautama, O fair-hipped one, Indra's body, marked with a thousand yonis, was in an instant made continuously with a thousand eyes.
13.215.13
छित्त्वा मेषस्य वृषणौ गौतमेनाभिमन्त्रितौ ।
इन्द्रस्य वृषणौ भूत्वा क्षिप्रं वै श्लेषमागतौ ॥ १३.२१५.१३ ॥
Having cut off the two testicles of the ram, consecrated by Gautama with mantra, they became Indra's testicles and quickly joined together.
13.215.14
एवं विप्रेषु क्रुद्धेषु देवराजः शतक्रतुः ।
अशक्तः शासितुं राज्यं किंपुनर्मानुषा भुवि ॥ १३.२१५.१४ ॥
Thus, when the brahmins are angered, even Indra, king of the gods, the Śatakratu, is unable to rule his kingdom—what then of mortals on earth?
13.215.15
क्रोधाविष्टो दहेद्विप्रः शुष्केन्धनमिवानलः ।
भस्मीकृत्य जगत्सर्वं सृजेदन्यज्जगत्पुनः ॥ १३.२१५.१५ ॥
A brahmin seized by anger would burn like fire consuming dry fuel; having reduced the whole world to ash, he could create another world again.
13.215.16
अदेवानपि देवान्स कुर्याद्देवानदेवताः ।
तस्मान्नोत्पादयेन्मन्युं मन्युप्रहरणा द्विजाः ॥ १३.२१५.१६ ॥
He could make non-gods into gods and gods into non-gods; therefore, O twice-born, for whom anger is the weapon, you should not produce anger.
13.215.17
महत्स्वप्यपराधेषु शासनं नार्हति द्विजः ।
न च शस्त्रनिपातानि न च प्राणैर्वियोजनम्।
दृश्यते त्रिषु लोकेषु ब्राह्ममानामनिन्दिते ॥ १३.२१५.१७ ॥
Even for great offences a twice-born should not deserve punishment; and in the three worlds no blow of weapons nor taking of life against brahmins is seen, O blameless one.
13.215.18
क्रोधाश्च विपुला घोराः प्रसादाश्चाप्यनुत्तमाः ।
तस्मान्नोत्पादयेत्क्रोधं नित्यं पूज्या द्विजातयः ॥ १३.२१५.१८ ॥
Anger is vast and terrible, while favour is supreme. Therefore one should never give rise to anger; the twice-born are always to be honoured.
13.215.19
दृश्यते न स लोकेऽस्मिन्भूते वाऽथ भविष्यति ।
क्रुद्धेषु यो वै विप्रेषु राज्यं भुङ्क्ते नराधिपः ॥ १३.२१५.१९ ॥
In this world, no king has been or will be seen who enjoys his kingdom while the brahmins are angered against him.
13.215.20
न चैवापहसेद्विप्रान्नि चैवोपालभेच्च तान् ।
कालमासाद्य कुप्येच्च काले कुर्यादनुग्रहम् ॥ १३.२१५.२० ॥
One should neither mock the brahmins nor reproach them. When the right time comes, one may be angry; at the right time, one should show favour.
13.215.21
सम्प्रहासश्च भृत्येषु न कर्तव्यो नराधिपैः ।
लघुत्वं चैव प्राप्नोति आज्ञा चास्य निवर्तते ॥ १३.२१५.२१ ॥
Kings should not indulge in derisive laughter toward their servants. Thereby they fall into lowliness, and their command is turned back.
13.215.22
भृत्यानां सम्प्रहासेन पार्थिवः परिभूयते ।
अयाच्यानि च याचन्ति अवक्तव्यं ब्रुवन्ति च ॥ १३.२१५.२२ ॥
By the derisive laughter of servants, the king is humiliated. They ask for what should not be asked, and they speak what should not be said.
13.215.23
पूर्वमप्यर्पितैर्लोभैः परितोषं न यान्ति ते ।
तस्माद्भृत्येषु नृपतिः सम्प्रहासं विवर्जयेत् ॥ १३.२१५.२३ ॥
Even when given earlier allurements, they do not find contentment. Therefore the king should abstain from derisive laughter toward his servants.
13.215.24
न विश्वसेदविश्वस्ते विश्वस्ते नातिविश्वसेत् ।
सगोत्रेषु विशेषेण सर्वोपायैर्न विश्वसेत् ॥ १३.२१५.२४ ॥
One should not trust one who is not to be trusted, and should not trust excessively even one who is trusted. Especially, one should not trust kinsmen of the same lineage by any means.
13.215.25
विश्वासाद्भयमुत्पन्नं हन्याद्वृक्षमिवाशनिः ।
प्रमादाद्धन्यते राजा लोभेन च वशीकृतः।
तस्मात्प्रमादं लोभं च न च कुर्यान्न विश्वसेत् ॥ १३.२१५.२५ ॥
Fear arising from trust strikes down like a thunderbolt striking a tree. A king is slain through carelessness, and when brought under the sway of greed. Therefore one should not be careless or greedy, and should not trust.
13.215.26
भयार्तानां भयत्राता दीनानुग्रहकारणात् ।
कार्याकार्यविशेषज्ञो नित्यं राष्ट्रहिते रतः ॥ १३.२१५.२६ ॥
A protector from fear to those afflicted by fear, because he shows favor to the wretched, knowing the distinction between what is to be done and what is not, always devoted to the welfare of the realm.
13.215.27
सत्यसन्धः स्थितो राज्ये प्रजापालनतत्परः ।
अलुब्धो न्यायवादी च षड्भागमुपजीवति ॥ १३.२१५.२७ ॥
A king who keeps his word, stands firm in his realm, is intent on protecting his subjects, is free from greed, and speaks justice, lives upon the sixth part of his subjects' produce.
13.215.28
कार्याकार्यविशेषज्ञः सर्वं धर्मेण पश्यति ।
स्वराष्ट्रेषु दयां कुर्यादकार्ये न प्रवर्तते ॥ १३.२१५.२८ ॥
One who knows the distinction between what is to be done and what is not sees all things according to dharma. He should show compassion within his own realms, and not engage in what should not be done.
13.215.29
ये चैवैनं प्रशंसन्ति ये च निन्दन्ति मानवाः ।
शत्रुं च मित्रवत्पश्येदपराधविवर्जितम्। ॥ १३.२१५.२९ ॥
Whether men praise him or blame him, one should regard even an enemy as a friend, considering him free from offense.
13.215.30
अपराधानुरूपेण दुष्टं दण्डेन शासयेत् ।
धर्मः प्रवर्तते तत्र यत्र दण्डरुचिर्नृपः।
न धर्मो विद्यते तत्र यत्र राजा क्षमान्वितः ॥ १३.२१५.३० ॥
One should chastise the wicked in proportion to the offence, with punishment. Dharma prevails where the king delights in punishment; dharma is not found where the king is endowed with forbearance.
13.215.31
अशिष्टशासनं धर्मः शिष्टानां परिपालनम् ।
वध्यांश्च घातयेद्यस्तु अवध्यानपरिरक्षति ॥ १३.२१५.३१ ॥
To restrain the unruly and to protect the virtuous is dharma. He who has the deserving of death slain, and does not protect those who must not be slain —
13.215.32
अवध्या ब्राह्मणा गावो दूताश्चैव पिता तथा ।
विद्यां ग्राहयते यश्च ये च पूर्वोपकारिणः।
स्त्रियश्चैव न हन्तव्या यच्च सर्वातिथिर्नरः ॥ १३.२१५.३२ ॥
Brahmins, cows, envoys, and likewise a father are not to be killed; nor is he who causes knowledge to be imparted, nor those who have done good before, nor women, nor the man who is a guest to all.
13.215.33
धरणीं गां हिरण्यं च सिद्धान्नं च तिलान्घृतम् ।
ददन्नित्यं द्विजातिभ्यो मुच्यते राजकिल्बिषात् ॥ १३.२१५.३३ ॥
He who always gives land, a cow, gold, cooked food, sesame and ghee to the twice-born is freed from the king's fault.
13.215.34
एवं चरति यो नित्यं राजा राष्ट्रहिते रतः ।
तस्य राष्ट्रं धनं धर्मो यशः कीर्तिश्च वर्धते।
न च पापैर्न चानर्थैर्युज्यते स नराधिपः ॥ १३.२१५.३४ ॥
A king who conducts himself thus, always delighting in the welfare of the realm, sees his realm, wealth, dharma, fame and renown grow; that lord of men is not joined to sins nor to calamities.
13.215.35
षड्भागमुपभुञ्जानः प्रजा राजा न रक्षति ।
स्वचक्रपरचक्राभ्यां धर्मैर्वा विक्रमेण वा ॥ १३.२१५.३५ ॥
The king who enjoys a sixth share yet does not protect his subjects, neither by righteousness nor by valour, from his own army or from an enemy army…
13.215.36
निरुद्योगो नृपो यश्च परराष्ट्रनिघातने ।
स्वराष्ट्रं निष्प्रतापस्य परचक्रेण हन्यते ॥ १३.२१५.३६ ॥
A king who is inactive in striking down another kingdom, lacking in power, sees his own realm destroyed by an enemy army.
13.215.37
यत्पापं सकलं राजा हतराष्ट्रः प्रपद्यते ।
मातुलं भागिनेयं वा मातरं श्वशुरं गुरुम्। ॥ १३.२१५.३७ ॥
Whatever entire sin the king incurs whose realm is lost—whether of killing a maternal uncle, a sister's son, a mother, a father-in-law, or a teacher.
13.215.38
पितरं वर्जयित्वैकं हन्याद्धातकमागतम् ॥ १३.२१५.३८ ॥
Excepting only the father, one may kill an assassin who has come to attack.
13.215.39
स्वस्य राष्ट्रस्य रक्षार्थं युद्यमानश्च यो हतः ।
सङ्ग्रामे परचक्रेण श्रूयतां तस्य या गतिः ॥ १३.२१५.३९ ॥
Hear now the destiny of one who, fighting in defence of his own realm, is slain in battle by an enemy army.
13.215.40
विमानेन वरारोहे अप्सरोगणसेवितः ।
शक्रलोकमितो याति सङ्ग्रामे निहतो नृपः ॥ १३.२१५.४० ॥
O fair-hipped one, the king slain in battle goes from here to Indra's world, in a celestial car, attended by bands of apsarases.
13.215.41
यावन्तो रोमकूपाः स्युस्तस्य गात्रेषु सुन्दरि ।
तावद्वर्षसहस्राणि शक्रलोके महीयते ॥ १३.२१५.४१ ॥
O beautiful one, for as many thousands of years as there are hair-pores on his body, he is honoured in the world of Indra.
13.215.42
यदि वै मानुषे लोके कदाचिदुपपद्यते ।
राजा वा राजमात्रो वा भूयो भवति वीर्यवान् ॥ १३.२१५.४२ ॥
If he is ever born again in the human world, as a king or as a royal official, he becomes mighty once more.
13.215.43
तस्माद्यत्नेन कर्तव्यं स्वराष्ट्रपरिपालनम् ।
व्यवहाराश्च चारश्च सततं सत्यसन्धता ॥ १३.२१५.४३ ॥
Therefore one must diligently protect one's own realm, maintain the administration of justice and the system of spies, and always keep one's truthful word.
13.215.44
अप्रमादः प्रमोदश्च व्यवसायेऽप्यचण्डता ।
भरणं चैव भृत्यानां वाहनानां च पोषणम् ॥ १३.२१५.४४ ॥
Vigilance and cheerfulness, and gentleness even in undertakings; the support of servants and the care of mounts.
13.215.45
योधानां चैव सत्कारः कृते कर्मण्यमोघता ।
श्रेय एव नरेन्द्राणामिह चैव परत्र च ॥ १३.२१५.४५ ॥
Honouring the warriors and granting an unfailing reward for deeds done: this is the welfare of kings, both here and hereafter.