Mahābhārata · Adhyāya 13.246
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13.246.1
साङ्ख्यज्ञाने नियुक्तानां यथावत्कीर्तितं मया ।
योगधर्मं पुनः कृत्स्नं कीर्तयिष्यामि ते शृणु ॥ १३.२४६.१ ॥
To those engaged in the knowledge of Sāṅkhya I have declared it as it is. Now I will declare the whole duty of yoga to you again; listen.
13.246.2
स च योगो द्विधा भिन्नो ब्रह्मिदेवर्षिसम्मतः ।
समानमुभयत्रापि वृत्तं शास्त्रप्रचोदितम् ॥ १३.२४६.२ ॥
That yoga is divided in two, approved by Brahmins, gods and sages. In both the conduct is the same, as enjoined by the scriptures.
13.246.3
च चाष्टगुणमैश्वर्यमधिकृत्य विधीयते ।
सायुज्यं सर्वदेवानां योगधर्मं परं श्रिताः ॥ १३.२४६.३ ॥
Eightfold lordship is prescribed as its aim, and union with all the gods; those who resort to the supreme duty of yoga attain them.
13.246.4
ज्ञानं सर्वस्य योगस्य मूलमित्यवधारय ।
व्रतोपवासनियमैस्तत्सर्वं चापि बृंहयेत् ॥ १३.२४६.४ ॥
Understand that knowledge is the root of all yoga; by vows, fasts and observances one should strengthen all of it.
13.246.5
ऐकात्म्यं बुद्धिमनसोरिन्द्रियाणां च सर्वशः ।
आत्मनो वेदितं प्राज्ञे ज्ञानमेतत्तु योगिनाम् ॥ १३.२४६.५ ॥
Complete unity of intellect, mind and senses, and knowledge of the self as known by the wise: this is the knowledge of yogins.
13.246.6
अर्चयेद्ब्राह्मणानग्निं देवतायतनानि च ।
वर्जयेदशिवं भावं सर्वसत्त्वमुपाश्रितः ॥ १३.२४६.६ ॥
One should honour Brahmins, fire and the shrines of the gods, and avoid inauspicious disposition, taking refuge in all beings.
13.246.7
दानमध्ययनं श्रुद्धा व्रतानि नियमास्तथा ।
सत्यमाहारशुद्धिश्च शौचमिन्द्रियनिग्रहः।
एतैश्च वर्धते तेजः पापं चाप्यवधूयते ॥ १३.२४६.७ ॥
Giving, study, faith, vows and observances, likewise truthfulness, purity of food, purity, and restraint of the senses—by these radiance grows, and sin is shaken off.
13.246.8
निर्धूतपापस्तेजस्वी लघ्वाहारो जितेन्द्रियः ।
अमोधो निर्मलो दान्तः पश्चाद्योगं समाचरेत् ॥ १३.२४६.८ ॥
Having shaken off sin, radiant, light in diet, sense-conquering, unfailing, stainless and self-controlled, let him then practise yoga.
13.246.9
अवरुध्यात्मनः पूर्वं मत्स्यघात इवामिषम् ।
एकान्ते विजने देशे सर्वतः संवृते शुचौ।
कल्पयेदासनं तत्र स्वास्तीर्णं मृदुभिः कुशैः ॥ १३.२४६.९ ॥
First, as a fisherman restrains the bait, let him restrain himself. In a solitary, lonely place, enclosed on all sides and pure, let him prepare a seat well spread with soft kuśa grass.
13.246.10
उपविश्यासने तस्मिन्नृजुकायशिरोधरः ।
अव्यग्रः सुखमासीनः स्वाङ्गानि न विकम्पयेत्।
सम्प्रेक्ष्य नासिकाग्रं स्वं दिशश्चानवलोकयन् ॥ १३.२४६.१० ॥
Seated on that seat, holding body and head straight, undistracted and comfortably seated, let him not tremble his limbs; gazing at the tip of his own nose, not looking about in the directions.
13.246.11
मनोऽवस्थापनं देवि योगस्योपनिषद्भवेत् ।
तस्मात्सर्वप्रयत्नेन मनोऽवस्थापयेत्सदा ॥ १३.२४६.११ ॥
O goddess, the fixing of the mind is the very essence of yoga. Therefore, with every effort, one should always keep the mind steady.
13.246.12
त्वक्छ्रोत्रं च ततो जिह्वा घ्राणं चक्षुश्च संहरेत् ।
पञ्चेन्द्रियाणि सन्धाय मनसि स्थापयेद्बुधः ॥ १३.२४६.१२ ॥
Then one should withdraw skin, hearing, tongue, smell and sight; the wise one, gathering the five senses together, should fix them in the mind.
13.246.13
सर्वं चापोह्य सङ्कल्पमात्मनि स्थापयेन्मनः ।
यदैतान्यवतिष्ठन्ते मनःषष्ठानि चात्मनि ॥ १३.२४६.१३ ॥
Having abandoned all mental constructs, one should fix the mind in the self; when these, with the mind as the sixth, stand firm in the self.
13.246.14
प्राणापानौ तदा तस्य युगपत्तिष्ठतो वशे ।
प्राणे हि वशमापन्ने योगसिद्धिर्ध्रुवा भवेत् ॥ १३.२४६.१४ ॥
Then his in-breath and out-breath stand together under control; when the vital breath has come under control, success in yoga is certain.
13.246.15
शरीरं चिन्तयेत्सर्वं विपाट्य च समीपतः ।
अन्तर्देहगतिं चापि प्राणानां परिचिन्तयेत् ॥ १३.२४६.१५ ॥
One should contemplate the whole body, as if splitting it open from close by; and one should closely contemplate the movement of the vital breaths within the body.
13.246.16
ततो मूर्धानमग्निं च शरीरं परिपालयेत् ।
प्राणो मूर्धनि च श्वासो वर्तमाने विचेष्टते ॥ १३.२४६.१६ ॥
Then one should carefully protect the body by means of the crown of the head and the fire; the vital breath is in the crown of the head, and while the breath is present it stirs.
13.246.17
सज्जस्तु सर्वभूतात्मा पुरुषः स सनातनः ।
मनो बुद्धिरहङ्कारो भूतानि विषयांश्च सः ॥ १३.२४६.१७ ॥
He, the self of all beings, the eternal Person, is indeed ever present; he is the mind, the intellect, the ego-sense, the elements and the objects of the senses.
13.246.18
बस्तिर्मूलं गुदं चैव पावकं च समाश्रितः ।
वहन्मूत्रं पुरीषं च सदाऽपानः प्रवर्तते ॥ १३.२४६.१८ ॥
Dwelling in the bladder, the root, the anus and the fire, carrying urine and feces, the apāna always operates.
13.246.19
अतः प्रवृत्तिर्देहषु कर्म चापानसंयुतम् ।
उदीरयन्सर्वधातूनन्त ऊर्ध्वं प्रवर्तते।
उदान इति तं विद्युरध्यात्मकुशला जनाः ॥ १३.२४६.१९ ॥
Therefore the action joined with apāna proceeds in bodies. That which, stirring all the constituents within, moves upward, skilled people in the inner self know as udāna.
13.246.20
सन्धौसन्धौ स निर्विष्टः सर्वचेष्टाप्रवर्तकः ।
शरीरेषु मनुष्याणां व्यान इत्युपदिश्यते ॥ १३.२४६.२० ॥
Pervading every joint, it sets in motion all activities. In the bodies of human beings it is taught as vyāna.
13.246.21
धातुष्वग्नौ च विततः समानोऽग्निः समीरणः ।
स एव सर्वचेष्टानामन्तकाले निवर्तकः ॥ १३.२४६.२१ ॥
Spread through the bodily constituents and the fire, the samāna is fire and wind. It alone, at the time of death, withdraws all activities.
13.246.22
प्राणानां सन्निपातेषु संसर्गाद्यः प्रजायते ।
ऊष्मा सोग्निरिति ज्ञेयः सोन्नं पचति देहिनाम् ॥ १३.२४६.२२ ॥
Know that the heat which arises from the contact of the breaths in their conjunction is fire. It cooks the food of embodied beings.
13.246.23
अपानप्राणयोर्मध्ये व्यानोदानावुपाश्रितौ ।
समन्वितः समानेन सम्यक्पचति पावकः ॥ १३.२४६.२३ ॥
Between apāna and prāṇa, vyāna and udāna are sheltered. Joined with samāna, the fire cooks thoroughly.
13.246.24
शरीरमध्ये नाभिः स्यान्नाभ्यामग्निः प्रतिष्ठितः ।
अग्नौ प्राणाश्च संयुक्ताः प्राणेष्वात्मा व्यवस्थितः ॥ १३.२४६.२४ ॥
In the middle of the body is the navel; in the navel fire is established. In the fire the vital breaths are joined, and in the breaths the self is situated.
13.246.25
पक्वाशयस्त्वधो नाभेरूर्ध्वमामाशयस्तथा ।
नाभिर्मध्ये शरीरस्य सर्वप्राणाश्च संश्रिताः ॥ १३.२४६.२५ ॥
The lower bowel lies below the navel, and likewise the stomach lies above. The navel is in the middle of the body, and all the vital breaths rest upon it.
13.246.26
स्थिताः प्राणादयः सर्वे तिर्यगूर्ध्वमधश्वराः ।
वहन्त्यन्नरसान्नाड्यो दशप्राणाग्निचोदिताः ॥ १३.२४६.२६ ॥
All the breaths beginning with prāṇa, moving sideways, upward and downward, are established. The channels, impelled by the ten breaths and by fire, carry the essences of food.
13.246.27
योगिनामेष मार्गस्तु पञ्चस्वेतेषु तिष्ठति ।
जितश्रमः समासीनो मूर्धन्यात्मानमादधेत् ॥ १३.२४६.२७ ॥
This is the path of yogis, which rests in these five. Having overcome weariness, sitting firmly, one should place the self upon the crown of the head.
13.246.28
मूर्धन्यात्मानमाधाय भ्रुवोर्मध्ये मनस्तथा ।
सन्निरुध्य ततः प्राणानात्मानं चिन्तयेत्परम् ॥ १३.२४६.२८ ॥
Having placed the self on the crown of the head, and the mind between the eyebrows, then having restrained the breaths, one should contemplate the supreme self.
13.246.29
प्राणे त्वपानं युञ्जीत प्राणांश्चापानकर्मणि ।
प्राणापानगती रुद्ध्वा प्राणायामपरो भवेत् ॥ १३.२४६.२९ ॥
One should join the downward breath to the upward breath, and the breaths to the action of the downward breath. Having restrained the movements of prāṇa and apāna, one should be intent on breath-control.
13.246.30
एवमन्तः प्रयुञ्जीत पञ्च प्राणान्परस्परम् ।
विजने सम्मिताहारो मुनस्तूष्णीं निरुच्छ्वसन् ॥ १३.२४६.३० ॥
Thus, inwardly, one should join the five vital breaths one with another; in solitude, the sage moderate in food, silent, breathing out without sound, should practise.
13.246.31
अश्रान्तश्चिन्तयेद्योगी उत्थाय च पुनःपुनः ।
तिष्ठन्गच्छन्स्वपंस्चापि युञ्जीतैवमतन्द्रितः ॥ १३.२४६.३१ ॥
The yogin, untiring, should contemplate, rising again and again; standing, walking, or even sleeping, he should thus apply himself, free from sloth.
13.246.32
एवं नियुञ्जतस्तस्य योगिनो युक्तचेतसः ।
प्रसीदति मनः क्षिप्रं प्रसन्ने दृश्यते परम् ॥ १३.२४६.३२ ॥
For the yogin of concentrated mind who thus applies himself, the mind quickly becomes serene; and when the mind is serene, the Supreme is seen.
13.246.33
विधूम इव दीप्तोऽग्निरादित्य इव रश्मिवान् ।
वैद्युतोऽग्निरिवाकाशे पुरुषो दृश्यतेऽव्ययः ॥ १३.२४६.३३ ॥
Like a smokeless blazing fire, like the sun with its rays, like lightning-fire in the sky, so the imperishable Person is seen.
13.246.34
दृष्ट्वा तदात्मनो ज्योतिरैश्वर्याष्टगुणैर्युतः ।
प्राप्नोति परमं स्थानं स्पृहणीयं सुरैरपि ॥ १३.२४६.३४ ॥
Having seen that light of his own self, endowed with the eight qualities of lordship, he attains the supreme state, desired even by the gods.
13.246.35
इमान्योगस्य दोषांश्च दशैव परिचक्षते ।
दोषैर्विघ्ने वरारोहे योगिनां कविभिः स्मृताः ॥ १३.२४६.३५ ॥
The wise declare these faults of yoga, indeed ten of them; O fair-hipped one, the obstacles of yogins arise from these faults, so the sages have recorded.
13.246.36
कामः क्रोधो भयं स्वप्नः स्नेहमत्यशनं तथा ।
वैचित्यं व्याधिरालस्यं लोभं च दशमं स्मृतम् ॥ १३.२४६.३६ ॥
Desire, anger, fear, sleep, attachment, overeating, likewise restlessness of mind, sickness, laziness, and greed — these are recalled as the tenth.
13.246.37
एतैस्तेषां भवेद्विघ्नो दशभिर्देवकारितैः ।
तस्मादेतानपास्यादौ युञ्जीत च परं मनः ॥ १३.२४६.३७ ॥
By these ten obstacles, created by the gods, the yogins meet hindrance. Therefore, first casting these aside, one should yoke the mind to the supreme.
13.246.38
इमानपि गुणानष्टौ योगस्य परिचक्षते ।
गुणैस्तैरष्टभिर्द्रव्यमैश्वर्यमधिगम्यते ॥ १३.२४६.३८ ॥
These eight qualities of yoga are also declared.
13.246.39
अणिमा महिमा चैव प्राप्तिः प्राकाम्यमेव हि ।
ईशित्वं च वशित्वं च यत्र कामावसायिता ॥ १३.२४६.३९ ॥
Aṇimā, mahimā, prāpti, prākāmya; īśitva and vaśitva; and the state where desire is fulfilled.
13.246.40
एतानष्टौ गुणान्प्राप्य कथञ्चिद्योगिनां वराः ।
ईशाः सर्वस्य लोकस्य देवानप्यतिशेरते ॥ १३.२४६.४० ॥
Having somehow attained these eight qualities, the best of yogins, lords of the whole world, surpass even the gods.
13.246.41
योगोस्ति नैवात्यशिनो न चैकान्तमनश्नतः ।
न चातिस्वप्नशीलस्य नातिजागतरस्तथा ॥ १३.२४६.४१ ॥
Yoga is not for one who eats too much, nor for one who wholly fasts; nor for one given to excessive sleep, nor for one who stays awake too much — so likewise.
13.246.42
युक्ताहारविहारस्य युक्तचेष्टस्य कर्मसु ।
युक्तस्वप्नावबोधस्य योगो भवति दुःखहा ॥ १३.२४६.४२ ॥
For one whose food and recreation are moderate, whose actions are measured, and whose sleep and waking are regulated, yoga becomes the remover of suffering.
13.246.43
अनेनैव विधानेन सायुज्यं तत्प्रकल्प्यते ।
सायुज्यं देवसात्कृत्वा प्रयुञ्जीतात्मभक्तितः ॥ १३.२४६.४३ ॥
By this very method that union is brought about. Having made union a state of the divine, one should practice yoga through devotion to the self.
13.246.44
अनन्यमनसा देवि नित्यं तद्गतचेतसा ।
सायुज्यं प्राप्यते देवैर्यत्नेन महता चिरात् ॥ १३.२४६.४४ ॥
O goddess, with an undivided mind, constantly fixing the heart on him, union is attained by the gods themselves through great effort, after a long time.
13.246.45
हविर्भिरर्चनैर्होमैः प्रणामैर्नित्यचिन्तया ।
अर्चयित्वा यथाशक्ति स्वकं देशं विशन्ति ते ॥ १३.२४६.४५ ॥
Having worshipped according to their capacity with oblations, offerings, fire rites, bowings, and constant meditation, they enter their own abode.
13.246.46
सायुज्यानां विशिष्टं च मामकं वैष्णवं तथा ।
मां प्राप्य न निवर्तन्ते विष्णु वा शुभलोचने ॥ १३.२४६.४६ ॥
Among those who attain union, my world and that of Viṣṇu are supreme. Having attained me or Viṣṇu, they do not return, O fair-eyed one.
13.246.47
इति ते कथितो देवि योगधर्मः सनातनः ।
न शक्यः प्रष्टुमन्येन योगधर्मस्त्वया विना ॥ १३.२४६.४७ ॥
Thus, O goddess, I have told you the eternal dharma of yoga. The dharma of yoga cannot be asked about by anyone other than you.