Mahābhārata · Adhyāya 13.36
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13.36.1
चित्तं मे दूयते तात लोके परमविन्दतः ॥ १३.३६.१ ॥
Dear sir, my mind is distressed in the world, for I have not found the highest.
13.36.2
अशाश्वतमिदं सर्वं जगत्स्थावरजङ्गमम् ।
क्रते नारायणं पुण्यं प्रतिभाति पितामह ॥ १३.३६.२ ॥
This whole world, the immovable and the moving, is impermanent; in the Kṛta age, sacred Nārāyaṇa alone shines forth, grandsire.
13.36.3
नारायणो हि विश्वात्मा पुरुषः पुष्करेक्षणः ।
तस्यास्य देवकीसूनोः श्रुतं कृत्स्नं त्वयाऽनघ ॥ १३.३६.३ ॥
Nārāyaṇa is indeed the soul of the universe, the lotus-eyed Person; sinless one, you have heard the whole of that son of Devakī.
13.36.4
युधिष्ठिर महाप्राज्ञ मया दृष्टं च सङ्गरे ॥ १३.३६.४ ॥
Yudhiṣṭhira, greatly wise one, I too have seen this in battle.
13.36.5
त्वत्त एव तु राजेन्द्र राजधर्माश्च पुष्कलाः ।
श्रुतं पुराणमखिलं नारदेन निवेदितम्।
गुह्यं नारायणाख्यानं त्रिविधक्लेशनाशनम् ॥ १३.३६.५ ॥
Lord of kings, from you I have heard abundant rules of kingship; I have heard the whole ancient lore related by Nārada, and the secret tale of Nārāyaṇa, which destroys the threefold afflictions.
13.36.6
एकान्तिधर्मनियमाः समासव्यासकल्पिताः ।
कथिता वै महाभाग त्वया वै मदनुग्रहात् ॥ १३.३६.६ ॥
Greatly fortunate one, the rules of the exclusive dharma, arranged in summary and in detail, were indeed related by you, out of favor to me.
13.36.7
लोकरक्षणकर्तृत्वं तस्यैव हरिमेधसः ।
आतिथेयविधिश्चैव तपांसि नियमाश्च ये ॥ १३.३६.७ ॥
The protection of the worlds belongs to that Hari-medhas; so too the rule of hospitality to guests, the austerities, and the observances.
13.36.8
वेदवादप्रसिद्धाश्च वाजपेयादयो मखाः ।
यज्ञा द्रविणनिष्पाद्या अग्निहोत्रानुपालिताः ॥ १३.३६.८ ॥
The sacrifices renowned in the Veda's teaching, such as the Vājapeya; the rites accomplished through wealth, maintained by the agnihotra.
13.36.9
जपयज्ञाश्च विविधा ब्राह्मणानां तपस्विनाम् ।
एकादशविधाः प्रोक्ता हविर्यज्ञा द्विजातिनाम् ॥ १३.३६.९ ॥
The recitation-sacrifices of brahmins and ascetics are of many kinds; the oblation-sacrifices of the twice-born are declared to be of eleven kinds.
13.36.10
तेषां फलविशेषाश्च उञ्छधर्मास्तथैव च ।
अहन्यहनि ये प्रोक्ता महायज्ञा द्विजातिनाम् ॥ १३.३६.१० ॥
Their particular fruits and the rule of gleaning are likewise; and the great sacrifices of the twice-born, declared day by day.
13.36.11
वेदश्रवणधर्माश्च ब्रह्मयज्ञफलं तथा ।
वेदव्रतविधानं च नियमाश्चैव वैदिकाः ॥ १३.३६.११ ॥
The duty of hearing the Veda and the fruit of the Brahma-sacrifice are likewise; so too the rule of Vedic vows and the Vedic observances.
13.36.12
स्वाहा स्वधा प्रणीते च इष्टापूर्तफलं तथा ।
उत्तरोत्तरसेवायामाश्रमाणां च यत्फलम् ॥ १३.३६.१२ ॥
In the utterance of svāhā and svadhā, in the prepared oblation, the fruit of sacrifice and charity is likewise; and the fruit of serving the stages of life, one higher than the next.
13.36.13
प्रत्येकशश्च निष्ठायामाश्रमाणां महामते ।
मासपक्षोपवासानां सम्यगुक्तफलं च यत् ॥ १३.३६.१३ ॥
O greatly wise one, the fruit declared in full for each stage of life in its observance, and for fasts kept for months and fortnights, is what is it.
13.36.14
अनाशितानां ये लोका ये च पञ्चतपा नराः ।
वीराध्वानं प्रपन्नानां या गतिश्चाग्निहोत्रिणाम् ॥ १३.३६.१४ ॥
The worlds of those who go without food, and of the men who practise the five fires, the destination of those who have reached the path of heroes, and the destination of the fire-sacrificers.
13.36.15
ग्रीष्मे पञ्चतपानां च शिशिरे जलचारिणाम् ।
वर्षे स्थण्डिलशायीनां फलं यत्परिकीर्तितम् ॥ १३.३६.१५ ॥
The fruit declared for those who practise the five fires in summer, for those who live in water in winter, and for those who sleep on bare ground in the rainy season.
13.36.16
लोके चक्रचराणां च द्विजानां यत्फलं स्मृतम् ।
अन्नादीनां च दानानां यत्फलं परिकीर्तितम् ॥ १३.३६.१६ ॥
The fruit recalled for the twice-born who wander the world as mendicants, and the fruit declared for gifts of food and the like.
13.36.17
सर्वतीर्थाभिषिक्तानां नराणां च फलोदयः ।
राज्ञां धर्माश्च ये लोके सम्यक्पालयतां प्रजाः ॥ १३.३६.१७ ॥
The rising of fruit for men anointed at all sacred fords, and the duties of kings in the world who rightly protect their subjects.
13.36.18
ये च सत्यव्रता लोके ये तीर्थे कृतश्रमाः ।
मातापितृपरा ये च गुरुवृत्तीश्च संश्रिताः ॥ १३.३६.१८ ॥
Those in the world who keep vows of truth, who have striven at the sacred ford, who are devoted to mother and father, and who have taken refuge in the conduct of a teacher.
13.36.19
गोब्राह्मणपरित्राणे राष्ट्रातिक्रमणे तथा ।
त्यजन्त्यभिमुखाः प्राणान्निर्भयाः सत्वमाश्रिताः ॥ १३.३६.१९ ॥
Those who, in protecting cows and brahmins and in resisting an invasion of the realm, face the enemy and give up their lives, fearless, having taken refuge in steadfast courage.
13.36.20
सहस्रदक्षिणानां च या गतिर्वदनां वर ।
ये च संध्यामुपासन्ते सम्यगुक्ता महाव्रताः ॥ १३.३६.२० ॥
O best of men, the destiny spoken of for those who give a thousand fees, and for those who worship at the twilight rites and keep the great vows as they have been rightly taught.
13.36.21
तथा योगविधानं च यद्ग्रन्थेष्वभिशब्दितम् ।
वेदाद्याः श्रुतयश्चापि श्रुता मे गुरुसत्तम ॥ १३.३६.२१ ॥
Likewise, the method of yoga as declared in the texts, and the scriptural teachings beginning with the Vedas, I have heard, O best of teachers.
13.36.22
सिद्धान्तनिर्णयाश्चापि द्वैपायनमुखोद्गताः ।
श्रुताः पञ्च महायज्ञा येषु सर्वं प्रतिष्ठितम् ॥ १३.३६.२२ ॥
I have also heard the settled doctrinal conclusions proclaimed from the mouth of Dvaipāyana, and the five great sacrifices on which everything is established.
13.36.23
तत्प्रभेदेषु ये धर्मास्तेऽपि वै कृत्स्नशः श्रुताः ।
न च दूषयितुं शक्याः सद्भिरुक्ता हि ते तथा ॥ १३.३६.२३ ॥
And the duties found in their divisions I have also heard in full. They cannot be disparaged, for the good have declared them thus.
13.36.24
एतेषां किल धर्माणामुत्तमो वैष्णवो विधिः ।
रक्षते भगवान्विष्णुर्भक्तमात्मशरीरवत् ॥ १३.३६.२४ ॥
Of these duties the highest rule is the Vaiṣṇava one: the blessed Lord Viṣṇu protects his devotee as he would protect his own body.
13.36.25
कर्मणो हि कृतेस्येह कामितस्य द्विजोत्तम ।
फलं ह्यवश्यं भोक्तव्यमृषिर्द्वैपायनोऽब्रवीत् ॥ १३.३६.२५ ॥
O best of the twice-born, the fruit of action done here and desired must certainly be enjoyed, so said the sage Dvaipāyana.
13.36.26
भोगान्ते चापि पतनं गतिः पूर्वं प्रभाषिता ।
न मे प्रीतिकरास्त्वेते विषोदर्का हि मे मताः ॥ १३.३६.२६ ॥
The fall at the end of enjoyment and the destinations were declared before; these are not pleasing to me, for I hold that their results are poisonous.
13.36.27
वधात्कृष्टतरं मन्ये गर्भवासं महाद्युते ।
दिष्टान्ते यानि दुःखानि पुरुषो विन्दते विभो।
ततः कष्टतराणीह गर्भवासे हि विन्दति ॥ १३.३६.२७ ॥
O greatly radiant one, I deem the stay in the womb more painful than death. O mighty one, the sufferings a man endures at the end of his destined time are surpassed by the still harsher ones he endures here in the womb.
13.36.28
ततश्चाभ्याधिकां तीव्रां वेदनां लभते नरः ।
गर्भापक्रमणे तात कर्मणासुपसर्पणे ॥ १३.३६.२८ ॥
Then a man obtains an excessive and sharp pain when he leaves the womb, dear one, and likewise when the breath of life draws near through action.
13.36.29
तस्मान्मे निश्चयो जातो धर्मेष्वेतेषु भारत ।
तदिच्छामि कुरुश्रेष्ठ त्वत्प्रसादान्महामते।
तं धर्मं चेह वेत्तुं वै यो जराजन्ममृत्युहा ॥ १३.३६.२९ ॥
Therefore, O Bhārata, a resolve has arisen in me concerning these dharmas. O best of the Kurus, O greatly wise one, by your grace I wish to know that dharma which destroys old age, birth and death.
13.36.30
येनोष्णदा वैतरणी असिपत्रवनं च तत् ।
कुण्डानि चाग्नितप्तानि क्षुरधारापथस्तथा।
शाल्मलीं च महाघोरामायसीं घोरकण्टकाम् ॥ १३.३६.३० ॥
Where there is the hot Vaitaraṇī river, that forest of sword-leaves, pits heated by fire, the path of razor-edges, and likewise the terrible śālmalī tree with its iron thorns.
13.36.31
मातापितृकते चापि सुहृन्मित्रार्थकारणात् ।
आत्महेतोश्च पापानि कृतानीह नरैश्च यैः।
तेषां फलोदयं कष्टमृषिर्द्वैपायनोऽब्रवीत् ॥ १३.३६.३१ ॥
The painful arising of the fruit of the sins that men have committed here, for the sake of mother and father, for friends, allies and wealth, and for their own sake—this the sage Dvaipāyana has declared.
13.36.32
कुम्भीपाकप्रदीप्तानां शूलार्तानां च क्रन्दताम् ।
रौरवे क्षिप्यमाणानां प्रहारैर्मथितात्मनाम् ॥ १३.३६.३२ ॥
Of those burning in the kumbhīpāka pots, afflicted by stakes, wailing, hurled into the Raurava hell, whose selves are crushed by blows.
13.36.33
स्तनतामपकृत्तानां पिबतामात्मशोणितम् ।
तेषामेव प्रवदतां कारुण्यं नास्ति यन्त्रतः ॥ १३.३६.३३ ॥
For those moaning as they are cut apart, drinking their own blood, and though they themselves speak, there is no compassion for them from the instruments of torment.
13.36.34
तृष्णाशुष्कोष्ठकण्ठानां विह्वलानामचेतसाम् ।
सर्वदुःखाभिभूतानां रुजार्तानां च क्रोशताम् ॥ १३.३६.३४ ॥
Of those whose lips and throats are dried by thirst, bewildered and senseless, overcome by every sorrow, afflicted by pain, and crying out.
13.36.35
वेदनार्ता हि क्रन्दन्ति पूरयन्तो दिशो दश ॥ १३.३६.३५ ॥
Indeed, afflicted by pain, they cry out, filling the ten directions.
13.36.36
एकः करोति पापानि सहभोज्यानि बान्धवैः ।
तेषामेकः फलं भुङ्क्ते कष्टं वैवस्वते गृहे ॥ १३.३६.३६ ॥
One alone commits sins, whose fruit kinsmen who share the meal enjoy together; yet of them one alone suffers pain in the house of Vaivasvata.
13.36.37
येन नैतां गतिं गच्छेन्न विण्मूत्रास्थिपिच्छिले ।
विष्ठामूत्रकृमीमध्ये बहुजन्तुनिषेविते ॥ १३.३६.३७ ॥
So that one would not go into such a state: amid excrement, urine, bones and slime, among filth and urine and worms, a place frequented by many creatures.
13.36.38
को गर्भवासात्परतो नरकोऽन्यो विधीयते ।
यत्र वासकृतो योगः कुक्षौ वासो विधीयते ॥ १३.३६.३८ ॥
What other hell is ordained beyond dwelling in the womb, where the union is produced by dwelling, and dwelling in the belly is ordained?
13.36.39
जातो विस्तीर्णशोकः स्याद्भवेत विगतज्वरः ।
न चैष लभ्यते कामो जातमात्रं हि मानवम्।
आविशन्तीह दुःखानि मनोवाक्कायिकानि तु ॥ १३.३६.३९ ॥
Born, a person comes to vast grief, and may become free of fever; yet this desire is not obtained. For as soon as a human is born, sufferings of mind, speech and body enter him here.
13.36.40
तैरस्वतन्त्रो भवति पीड्यमानो भयानकैः ।
तैर्गर्भवासं गच्छति अवशो जायते तथा ॥ १३.३६.४० ॥
Afflicted by those terrible things, a person becomes not free; by them he goes to dwelling in the womb, and thus he is born helpless.
13.36.41
अवशश्चेहते जन्तुर्व्रजत्यवश एव हि ।
जरसा रूपविध्वंसं प्राप्नोत्यवश एव तु ॥ १३.३६.४१ ॥
Helpless, a creature strives, and helpless indeed it goes; by old age it attains the destruction of its form—helpless indeed.
13.36.42
शरीरभेदमाप्नोति जीर्यतेऽवश एव तु ।
एवं ह्यनियतो मृत्युर्भवत्येव सदा नृषु ॥ १३.३६.४२ ॥
The body meets its breaking; the man, powerless, grows old. Thus among men death is always uncertain.
13.36.43
गर्भेषु म्रियते कश्चिज्जायमानस्तथाऽपरः ।
जाता म्रियन्ते बहवो यौवनस्थास्तथाऽपरे।
मध्यभावे तु नश्यन्ति स्थविरो मृत एव तु ॥ १३.३६.४३ ॥
Some die in the womb, others as they are being born. Of those born, many die; those who stand in youth, and those in mid-life, perish. The aged one is already dead.
13.36.44
को जन्मनो नोद्विजते स्वयम्भूरपि यो भवेत् ।
कुतस्त्वस्मद्विधस्तात मरणस्य वशानुगः ॥ १३.३६.४४ ॥
Who is not troubled by birth, even if he were Self-Existent Brahmā? How, dear one, should one like us, subject to death's power, not be afraid?
13.36.45
नित्याविष्टो भयेनाहं मनसा कुरुसत्तम ।
मुहूर्तमप्यहं शर्म न विन्दामि महामते ॥ १३.३६.४५ ॥
Best of the Kurus, I am constantly seized by fear in my mind. O greatly wise one, I do not find peace even for a moment.
13.36.46
कालात्मनि तिरोभूतो नित्यं तद्गुणवर्जितः ।
अन्नैर्बहुविधैः पुष्टं वस्त्रैर्नानाविधैर्वृतम् ॥ १३.३६.४६ ॥
Hidden within the self of time, always devoid of its qualities, nourished with foods of many kinds, clothed in garments of many sorts.
13.36.47
चन्दनागरुदिग्धाङ्गं मणिमुक्ताविभूषितम् ।
यानैर्बहुविधैर्यातमेकान्तेनैव लालितम् ॥ १३.३६.४७ ॥
With body smeared with sandal and aloe, adorned with jewels and pearls, carried about in vehicles of many kinds, pampered entirely in seclusion.
13.36.48
यौवनोद्धतरूपाभिर्मन्दविह्वलगामिभिः ।
इष्टिभिरभिरामाभिर्वरस्त्रीभिरयन्त्रितम् ॥ १३.३६.४८ ॥
Unrestrained by excellent women, delightful and dear, whose beauty is wild with youth and who walk slowly and unsteadily.
13.36.49
रमितं सुचिरं कालं शरीरममितप्रभम् ।
अवितृप्ता गमिष्यन्ति हित्वा प्राणांस्तथाऽपरे ॥ १३.३६.४९ ॥
The body of immeasurable splendor enjoyed pleasure for a long time; others too will depart, leaving their breaths, unsatisfied.
13.36.50
स्वर्गेऽप्यनियता भूतिस्तथैवाकाशसंश्रये ।
देवाऽप्यधिष्ठानवशास्तस्माद्देवं न कामये ॥ १३.३६.५० ॥
Even in heaven, prosperity is uncertain, and likewise in dependence on the sky. The gods too are subject to their abode; therefore I do not desire godhood.
13.36.51
कामानां नास्त्यधिष्ठानमकामस्तु निवर्तते ।
लोकसङ्ग्रहधर्मास्तु सर्व एव न संशयः ॥ १३.३६.५१ ॥
Desires have no firm basis, but the one free of desire turns back. The duties that hold the world together are indeed all of them; there is no doubt.
13.36.52
डोलासधर्मा धर्मज्ञ ऋषिर्द्वैपायनोऽब्रवीत् ।
अस्मात्को विषमं दुःखमारोहेत विचक्षणः ॥ १३.३६.५२ ॥
The sage Dvaipāyana, knower of dharma, said that (life) is like a swing; then which wise man would climb onto rough sorrow from this?
13.36.53
विद्यमाने समे मार्गे डोलाधर्मविवर्जिते ।
को ह्यात्मानं प्रियं लोके डोलासाधर्म्यतांनयेत् ॥ १३.३६.५३ ॥
When a level path free of the swinging nature exists, who in the world would lead his own dear self into a state like a swing?
13.36.54
चराचरैः सर्वभूतैर्गन्तव्यमविशङ्कया ।
अस्माल्लोकात्परं लोकमपाथेयमदैशिकम्।
घोरं तमः प्रवेष्टव्यमत्रातारमबान्धवम् ॥ १३.३६.५४ ॥
All beings, moving and unmoving, must go without doubt from this world to the other world, without provisions and without a guide, and must enter dreadful darkness, with no protector and no kin.
13.36.55
ये तु तं किल धर्मज्ञा धर्मं नारायणेरितम् ।
अनन्यमनसो दान्ताः स्मरन्ति नियतव्रताः ॥ १३.३६.५५ ॥
But those who know dharma, with undivided minds, self-controlled and firm in their vows, remember that dharma declared by Nārāyaṇa.
13.36.56
ततस्तेनैव पश्यन्ति प्राप्नुव्ति परं पदम् ।
रक्षते भगवान्विष्णुर्भक्तानात्मशरीरवत् ॥ १३.३६.५६ ॥
Then, by that very dharma, they see and attain the supreme state. The blessed Viṣṇu protects his devotees as his own body.
13.36.57
कुलालचक्रप्रतिमे भ्राम्यमाणेषु जन्तुषु ।
मातापितृसहस्राणि सम्प्राप्तानि मया गुरो ॥ १३.३६.५७ ॥
While creatures are whirled about like a potter's wheel, O teacher, I have obtained thousands of mothers and fathers.
13.36.58
स्नेहापन्नेन पीतास्तु मातॄणां विविधाः स्तलाः ॥ १३.३६.५८ ॥
Filled with affection, I have drunk the various milks of mothers.
13.36.59
पुत्रदारसहस्राणि इष्टानिष्टशतानि च ।
प्राप्तान्यधिष्ठानवशादतीतानि तथैव च।
न क्वचिन्न सुखं प्राप्तं न क्वचिच्छाश्वती स्थितिः ॥ १३.३६.५९ ॥
Thousands of sons and wives, hundreds of pleasant and unpleasant things, were obtained by the power of one's abode, and likewise passed away. Nowhere was happiness attained; nowhere was an eternal state found.
13.36.60
स्थानैर्महद्भिर्विभ्रंशो दुःखलब्धैः पुनः पुनः ।
धननाशश्च सम्प्राप्तो लब्ध्वा दुःखेन तद्धनम्।
अध्वगानामिव पथि च्छायामाश्रित्य सङ्गमः ॥ १३.३६.६० ॥
From great positions won with hardship, downfall comes again and again, and loss of wealth comes too; even the wealth won with difficulty is lost. Like travellers on a road who gather in the shade of a tree, such is the meeting (of beings).
13.36.61
एवं कर्मवशो लोको ज्ञातीनां हितसङ्गमः ।
विश्रम्य च पुनर्याति कर्मभिर्दर्शितां गतिम् ॥ १३.३६.६१ ॥
Thus the world is subject to karma, and the beneficial meeting of kinsmen is so as well. Having rested, one again goes on to the course shown by one's own deeds.
13.36.62
एतदीदृशकं दृष्ट्वा ज्ञात्वा चैव समागमम् ।
को न बिभ्येत्कुरुश्रेष्ठ विष्ठान्नस्येव भोजनात् ॥ १३.३६.६२ ॥
O best of the Kurus, having seen such a thing and known such a meeting, who would not fear, as one fears eating filth?
13.36.63
बुद्धिश्च मे समुत्पन्ना वैष्णवे धर्मविस्तरे ।
तदेष शिरसा पादौ गतोऽस्मि भगवंस्तव।
शरणं च प्रपन्नोऽस्मि गन्तव्ये शरणे ध्रुवे ॥ १३.३६.६३ ॥
And understanding of the Vaishnava teaching of dharma has arisen in me; therefore, O venerable one, I have come with my head at your feet. I have taken refuge in you, the firm refuge that is to be reached.
13.36.64
जन्ममृत्युजराखिन्नस्त्रिभिर्दुःखैर्निपीडितः ।
इच्छामि भवता त्रातुमेभ्यस्त्वत्तो महामते।
तस्याद्य युगधर्मस्य श्रवणात्कुरुपुङ्गव ॥ १३.३६.६४ ॥
Wearied by birth, death and old age, oppressed by the three sorrows, O great-minded one, I wish to be saved from these by you. Bull of the Kurus, today, by hearing that dharma of the age, I desire this.
13.36.65
एतदाद्ययुगोद्भूतं त्रेतायां तत्तिरोहितम् ।
स एव धर्ममखिलमृषिर्द्वैपायनोऽब्रवीत् ॥ १३.३६.६५ ॥
This dharma, which arose in the first age and was lost in the Tretā age, was declared in its entirety by the sage Dvaipāyana himself.