Mahābhārata · Adhyāya 13.80
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13.80.1
कन्यायां प्राप्तशुल्कायां पतिश्चेन्नास्ति कश्चन ।
तत्र का प्रतिपत्तिः स्यात्तन्मे ब्रूहि पितामह ॥ १३.८०.१ ॥
If a maiden's bride-price has been received and there is no husband at all, what course of action would then be proper? O grandsire, tell me that.
13.80.2
या पुत्रकस्य ऋद्धस्य प्रतिपाल्या तदा भवेत् ।
अथवा सा हरेच्छुल्कं क्रीता शुल्कप्रदस्य सा ॥ १३.८०.२ ॥
A maiden who is to be protected for a prosperous son belongs then to him. Or, having been bought for the one who gave the bride-price, she belongs to him.
13.80.3
तस्यार्थेऽपत्यमीहेव येन न्यायेन शक्नुयात् ।
न तस्मान्मन्त्रवत्कार्यं कश्चित्कुर्वीत किञ्चन ॥ १३.८०.३ ॥
For his sake one should indeed seek offspring by whatever lawful means one can; therefore no one should do anything with mantras.
13.80.4
स्वयंवृतेन साज्ञप्ता पित्रा वै प्रत्यपद्यत ।
तत्तस्यान्ये प्रशंसन्ति धर्मज्ञा नेतरे जनाः ॥ १३.८०.४ ॥
Commanded by her father, she agreed to one she had chosen herself. The knowers of dharma praise that, though other people do not.
13.80.5
एतत्तु नापरे चक्रुरपरे जातु साधवः ।
साधूनां पुनराचारो गरीयान्धर्मलक्षणः ॥ १३.८०.५ ॥
Others did not do this, and other virtuous people never did. But the conduct of the virtuous, which is the mark of dharma, carries greater weight.
13.80.6
अस्मिन्नेव प्रकारे तुसुक्रतुर्वाक्यमब्रवीत् ।
नप्ता विदेहराजस्य जनकस्य महात्मनः ॥ १३.८०.६ ॥
In this very manner Sukratu spoke, the grandson of Janaka, the great-souled king of Videha.
13.80.7
असदाचरिते मार्गे कथं स्यादनुकीर्तनम् ।
अनुप्रश्नः संशयो वा सतामेवमुपालभेत् ॥ १३.८०.७ ॥
How could such a thing be recounted on a path practiced by the unrighteous? Follow-up questions or doubts may arise among the good, and they may rebuke it in just this way.
13.80.8
असदेव हि धर्मस्य प्रदानं धर्म आसुरः ।
नानुशुश्रुम जात्वेनामिमां पूर्वेषु कर्मसु ॥ १३.८०.८ ॥
Indeed, the unrighteous is the bestowal of dharma, and that is the demonic law. We have never heard of this in the rites of the ancients.
13.80.9
भार्यापत्योर्हि सम्बन्धः स्त्रीपुंसोस्तुल्य एव तु ।
रतिः साधारणो धर्म इति चाह स पार्थिवः ॥ १३.८०.९ ॥
The bond of husband and wife is indeed equal between woman and man. Delight is a shared duty, so that king said.
13.80.10
अथ केन प्रमाणेन पुंसामादीयते धनम् ।
पुत्रवद्धि पितुस्तस्य कन्या भवितुमर्हति ॥ १३.८०.१० ॥
Then by what authority is a man's wealth taken? Indeed, a daughter of that father is fit to be like a son.
13.80.11
यथैवात्मा तथा पुत्रः पुत्रेण दुहिता समा ।
तस्यामात्मनि तिष्ठन्त्यां कथमन्यो धनं हरेत् ॥ १३.८०.११ ॥
As the self is, so is the son; and the daughter is equal to the son. While she stands as the self, how could another take the wealth?
13.80.12
मातुश्च यौतकं यत्स्यात्कुमारीभाग एव सः ।
दौहित्र एव तद्रिक्थमपुत्रस्य पितुर्हरेत् ॥ १३.८०.१२ ॥
Whatever is the mother's dowry is indeed the maiden's share. The daughter's son alone should take that inheritance of a father who has no son.
13.80.13
ददाति हि स पिण्डान्वै पितुर्मातामहस्य च ।
पुत्रदौहित्रयोरेव विशेषो नास्ति धर्मतः ॥ १३.८०.१३ ॥
Indeed he offers funeral cakes to his father and to his maternal grandfather; according to dharma there is no distinction between son and daughter's son.
13.80.14
अन्यत्र जामया सार्धं प्रजानां पुत्र ईहते ।
दुहिताऽन्यत्र जातेन पुत्रेणापि विशिष्यते ॥ १३.८०.१४ ॥
Otherwise a son seeks offspring with a kinswoman; yet a daughter is distinguished even above a son born of another.
13.80.15
दौहित्रकेण धर्मेण तत्र पश्यामि कारणम् ।
विक्रीतासु हि ये पुत्रा भवन्ति पितुरेव ते ॥ १३.८०.१५ ॥
In the rule of the daughter's son I see the reason for this: sons who have been sold indeed belong to their father.
13.80.16
असूयवस्त्वधर्मिष्ठाः परस्वादायिनः शठाः ।
आसुरादधिसम्भूता धर्माद्विषमवृत्तयः ॥ १३.८०.१६ ॥
Envious, most unrighteous, taking others' wealth, deceitful, born of demonic stock, of crooked conduct, departed from dharma.
13.80.17
अत्र गाथा यमोद्गीताः कीर्तयन्ति पुराविदः ।
धर्मज्ञा धर्मशास्त्रेषु निबद्धा धर्मसेतुषु ॥ १३.८०.१७ ॥
Here the verses sung by Yama are recounted by the knowers of antiquity, the knowers of dharma, recorded in the treatises of dharma and in the bridges of dharma.
13.80.18
यो मनुष्यः स्वकं पुत्रं विक्रीय धनमिच्छति ।
कन्यां वा जीवितार्थाय यः शुल्केन प्रयच्छति ॥ १३.८०.१८ ॥
The man who, having sold his own son, desires wealth, or who gives a daughter for a bride-price for the sake of livelihood.
13.80.19
सप्तावरे महाघोरे निरये कालसाह्वये ।
स्वेदं मूत्रं पुरीषं च तस्मिन्मूढः समश्नुते ॥ १३.८०.१९ ॥
In the seven lower, most terrible hells called Kālasāhva, the deluded man there undergoes sweat, urine and excrement.
13.80.20
आर्षे गोमिथुनं शुल्कं केचिदाहुर्मृषैव तत् ।
अल्पो वा बहु वा राजन्विक्रयस्तावदेव सः ॥ १३.८०.२० ॥
Some say that a pair of cows is the bride-price in the ārṣa rite, but that is indeed false. O king, whether small or large, that is a sale, just so much.
13.80.21
यद्यप्याचरितः कैश्चिन्नैष धर्मः सनातनः ।
अन्येषामपि दृश्यन्ते लोभतः सम्प्रवृत्तयः ॥ १३.८०.२१ ॥
Although this has been practiced by some, it is not the eternal dharma; among others too, practices arising from greed are seen.
13.80.22
वश्यां कुमारीं बलतो ये तां समुपभुञ्जते ।
एते पापस्य कर्तारस्तमस्यन्धे च शेरते ॥ १३.८०.२२ ॥
Those who force themselves upon a maiden who has submitted to them are doers of sin; they lie in blind, dark gloom.
13.80.23
अन्योप्यथ न विक्रेयो मनुष्यः किं पुनः प्रजाः ।
अधर्ममूलैर्हि धनैस्तैर्न धर्मोऽथ कश्चन ॥ १३.८०.२३ ॥
Another should not sell a human being, much less subjects; by wealth rooted in adharma there is no dharma at all.