Mahābhārata · Adhyāya 13.94
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13.94.1
यानीमानि बहिर्वेद्यां दानानि परिचक्षते ।
तेभ्यो विशिष्टं किं दानं मतं ते कुरुपुङ्गव ॥ १३.९४.१ ॥
Of these gifts that are spoken of outside the sacrificial altar, which gift do you consider superior, O bull of the Kurus?
13.94.2
कौतूहलं हि परमं तत्र मे विद्यते प्रभो ।
दातारं दत्तमन्वेति यद्दानं तत्प्रचक्ष्व मे ॥ १३.९४.२ ॥
O lord, I have a great curiosity about this. Tell me that gift which, once given, follows the giver.
13.94.3
अभयं सर्वभूतेभ्यो व्यसने चाप्यनुग्रहः ।
यच्चाभिलषितं दद्यात्तृषितायाभियाचते ॥ १३.९४.३ ॥
Giving fearlessness to all beings, showing kindness in calamity, and giving what is desired to one who, thirsty, asks for it.
13.94.4
भरणे पुत्रदाराणां तद्दानं श्रेष्ठमुच्यते ।
दत्तं दातारमन्वेति तद्दानं भरतर्षभ ॥ १३.९४.४ ॥
The gift made in supporting sons and wife is said to be the best. That gift, once given, follows the giver, O bull of the Bharatas.
13.94.5
हिरण्यदानं गोदानं पृथिवीदानमेव च ।
एतानि वै पवित्राणि तारयन्त्यपि दुष्कृतात् ॥ १३.९४.५ ॥
The gift of gold, the gift of cows, and also the gift of land — these are indeed purifying; they carry one across even from evil deeds.
13.94.6
एतानि पुरुषव्याघ्र साधुभ्यो देहि नित्यदा ।
दानानि हि नरं पापान्मोक्षयन्ति न संशयः ॥ १३.९४.६ ॥
O tiger among men, always give these gifts to the worthy; gifts indeed free a person from sin — there is no doubt.
13.94.7
यद्यदिष्टतमं लोके यच्चास्य दयितं गृहे ।
तत्तद्गुणवते देयं तदेवाक्षयमिच्छता ॥ १३.९४.७ ॥
Whatever is most dear to one in the world, and whatever is dear in one's house, should be given to a person of virtue by one who desires imperishable reward.
13.94.8
प्रियाणि लभते नित्यं प्रियदः प्रियकृत्तथा ।
प्रियो भवति भूतानामिह चैव परत्र च ॥ १३.९४.८ ॥
The giver of what is pleasing and the doer of what is pleasing always obtains pleasant things; he becomes dear to beings here and also in the next world.
13.94.9
याचमानमभीमानादनासक्तमकिञ्चनम् ।
यो नार्चति यथाशक्ति स नृशंसो युधिष्ठिर ॥ १३.९४.९ ॥
O Yudhiṣṭhira, he who does not honour, according to his means, one who begs without arrogance, unattached and without possessions, is cruel.
13.94.10
अमित्रमपि चेद्दीनं शरणैषिणमागतम् ।
व्यसने योऽनुगृह्णाति स वै पुरुषसत्तमः ॥ १३.९४.१० ॥
Even if an enemy comes wretched and seeking refuge, he who shows favour to him in distress is indeed the best of men.
13.94.11
कृशाय कृतविद्याय वृत्तिक्षीणाय सीदते ।
अपहन्यात्क्षुधां यस्तु न तेन पुरुषः समः ॥ १३.९४.११ ॥
He who does not drive away the hunger of one who is emaciated, learned, exhausted in livelihood and sinking in distress is not equal to a man.
13.94.12
क्रियानियमितान्साधुन्पुत्रदारैश्च कर्शितान् ।
अयाचमानान्कौन्तेय सर्वोपायैर्निमन्त्रयेत् ॥ १३.९४.१२ ॥
O son of Kuntī, virtuous men restrained by the discipline of rites, and those made emaciated by sons and wives, do not beg; one should invite them by every means.
13.94.13
आशिषं ये न देवेषु न च मर्त्येषु कुर्वते ।
अर्हन्तो नित्यसत्वस्था यथालब्धोपजीविनः ॥ १३.९४.१३ ॥
Those who bestow no blessing on gods or mortals, worthy ones, ever steadfast in goodness, living on whatever is obtained.
13.94.14
आशीविषसमेभ्यश्च तेभ्यो रक्षस्व भारत ।
तान्युक्तैरुपजिज्ञास्य भोगैर्निर्वप रक्ष च ॥ १३.९४.१४ ॥
Protect yourself from those who are like venomous snakes, O Bhārata. Having inquired of them properly, make offerings to them with provisions, and protect them.
13.94.15
कृतैरावसथैर्नित्यं सप्रेष्यैः सपरिच्छदैः ।
निमन्त्रयेथाः कौरव्य सर्वभूतसुखावहैः ॥ १३.९४.१५ ॥
O descendant of Kuru, invite them always with dwellings made ready, with servants and furnishings, bringing happiness to all beings.
13.94.16
यदि ते प्रतिगृह्णीयुः श्रद्धापूतं युधिष्ठिर ।
कार्यमित्येव मन्वाना धार्मिकाः पुण्यकर्मिणः ॥ १३.९४.१६ ॥
O Yudhiṣṭhira, if they accept gifts purified by faith, thinking it a duty, they are righteous and doers of meritorious deeds.
13.94.17
विद्यास्नाता व्रतस्नाता धर्ममाश्रित्य जीविनः ।
गूढस्वाध्यायतपसो ब्राह्म्णाः संशितव्रताः ॥ १३.९४.१७ ॥
Brahmins bathed in learning, bathed in vows, living by taking refuge in dharma, whose study and austerity are hidden, keen in their vows.
13.94.18
तेषु शुद्धेषु दान्तेषु स्वदारनिरतेषु च ।
यत्करिष्यसि कल्याणं तत्ते लोके युधाम्पते ॥ १३.९४.१८ ॥
Whatever good you do toward those pure, self-controlled brahmins devoted to their own wives, O lord of warriors, will be yours in this world.
13.94.19
यथाऽग्निहोत्रं सुहुतं सायम्प्रातर्द्विजातिना ।
तथा भवति दत्तं वै विद्वद्भ्यो यत्कृतात्मना ॥ १३.९४.१९ ॥
As an agnihotra oblation well offered morning and evening by a twice-born man bears fruit, so does a gift given to the learned by a man of disciplined self.
13.94.20
एष ते विततो यज्ञः श्रद्धापूतः सदक्षिणः ।
विशिष्टः सर्वयज्ञेभ्यो ददतस्तात वर्तताम् ॥ १३.९४.२० ॥
This is your extended sacrifice, son, purified by faith and accompanied by dakṣiṇā; for the giver, may it continue as superior to all sacrifices.
13.94.21
निवापो दानसदृशः सदृशेषु युधिष्ठिर ।
निवेदयन्पूजयन्वै तेष्वानृण्यं निगच्छति ॥ १३.९४.२१ ॥
Nivāpa offered to the worthy, Yudhiṣṭhira, is like a gift; by presenting and honouring them, a man indeed attains freedom from debt to them.
13.94.22
य एवं नैव कुप्यन्ते न लुभ्यन्ति तृणेष्वपि ।
त एव नः पूज्यतमा ये चापि प्रियवादिनः ॥ १३.९४.२२ ॥
Those who do not grow angry in this way, who are not greedy even for a blade of grass, and who also speak pleasantly — they indeed are most worthy of honour by us.
13.94.23
ये नो न बहुमन्यन्ते न प्रवर्तन्ति याचने ।
पुत्रवत्परिपाल्यास्ते नमस्तेभ्यस्तथाऽभयम् ॥ १३.९४.२३ ॥
Those who do not hold us in high regard and do not engage in begging are to be protected like sons; homage to them, and fearlessness to them likewise.
13.94.24
ऋत्विक्पुरोहिताचार्या मृदुधर्मपरा हि ये ।
क्षात्रेणापि हि संसृष्टं तेजः शाम्यति तेष्वपि ॥ १३.९४.२४ ॥
In those priests, household priests and teachers who are devoted to gentle dharma, even the fiery power mixed with the warrior's nature is quelled.
13.94.25
ईश्वरो बलवानस्मि राजाऽस्मीति युधिष्ठिर ।
ब्राह्मणान्मास्म पर्यासीर्वासोभिरशनेन च ॥ १३.९४.२५ ॥
Yudhiṣṭhira, thinking ‘I am the mighty lord, I am the king,’ do not slight the brahmins — not with garments, nor with food.
13.94.26
यच्छोभार्थं बलार्तं वा वित्तमस्ति तवानघ ।
तेन ते ब्राह्मणाः पूज्याः स्वधर्ममनुतिष्ठता ॥ १३.९४.२६ ॥
Whatever wealth you have, O sinless one, for splendor or for strength, with that you should honor the brahmins, while following your own duty.
13.94.27
नमस्कार्यास्तथा विप्रा वर्तमाना यथातथम् ।
यथासुखं यथोत्साहं ललन्तु त्वयि पुत्रवत् ॥ १३.९४.२७ ॥
The brahmins, as they truly are and as they conduct themselves, should be bowed to; let them, with comfort and zeal, delight in you as in a son.
13.94.28
को ह्यक्षयप्रसादानां सुहृदामल्पतोषिणाम् ।
वृत्तिमर्हत्युपक्षेप्तुं त्वदन्यः कुरुसत्तम ॥ १३.९४.२८ ॥
O best of the Kurus, who other than you deserves to withhold the livelihood of friends whose favor is inexhaustible and who are easily satisfied?
13.94.29
यथाऽपत्याश्रयो धर्मः स्त्रीणां लोके सनातनः ।
सदैव सा गतिर्नान्या तथाऽस्माकं द्विजातयः ॥ १३.९४.२९ ॥
As depending on offspring is the eternal duty of women in the world, and that alone is always their refuge and no other, so for us the twice-born are our refuge.
13.94.30
यदि नो ब्राह्मणास्तात संत्यजेयुरपूजिताः ।
पश्यन्तो दारुणं कर्म सततं क्षत्रिये स्थितम् ॥ १३.९४.३० ॥
If, dear son, the brahmins, unhonored by us, were to abandon us, seeing the dreadful deed that is constantly present in the kṣatriya—
13.94.31
अवेदानामकीर्तीनामलोकानामयज्विनाम् ।
कोनु स्याज्जीवितेनार्थस्तद्धिनो ब्राह्मणाश्रयम् ॥ १३.९४.३१ ॥
What purpose would life serve for those without the Veda, without fame, without worlds, and who do not sacrifice? For us, life rests on the brahmins.
13.94.32
अत्र ते वर्तयिष्यामि यथा धर्मं सनातनम् ।
राजन्यो ब्राह्मणान्राजन्पुरा परिचचार ह।
वैश्यो राजन्यमित्येव शूद्रो वैश्यमिति श्रुतिः ॥ १३.९४.३२ ॥
Here I shall set out for you the eternal dharma. O king, in former times the kṣatriya served the brahmins; the vaiśya served the kṣatriya, and the śūdra the vaiśya—so the Śruti declares.
13.94.33
दूराच्छूद्रेणोपचर्यो ब्राह्मणोऽग्निरिव ज्वलन् ।
संस्पर्शपरिचर्यसल्तु वैश्येन क्षत्रियेण च ॥ १३.९४.३३ ॥
The śūdra should serve a brahmin from afar, as one would a blazing fire; but the vaiśya and the kṣatriya may serve him at close quarters, even by touch.
13.94.34
मृदुभावान्सत्यशीलान्सत्यधर्मानुपालकान् ।
आशीविषानिव क्रुद्धांस्तानुपाचरत द्विजान् ॥ १३.९४.३४ ॥
Serve those twice-born ones who are gentle in nature, truthful in conduct, and keepers of the duty of truth; but when they are angered, approach them as one approaches venomous snakes.
13.94.35
अपरेषां परेषां च परेभ्यश्चापि ये परे ।
क्षत्रियाणां प्रतपतां तेजसा च बलेन च।
ब्राह्मणेष्वेव शाम्यन्ति तेजांसि च तपांसि च ॥ १३.९४.३५ ॥
The splendour and the austerities of the kṣatriyas who blaze with might and power, of others, and of those greater still, are quelled only among the brahmins.
13.94.36
न मे पिता प्रियतरो न त्वं तात तथा प्रियः ।
न मे पितुः पिता राजन्न चात्मा न च जीवितम् ॥ १३.९४.३६ ॥
Dear child, my father is not so dear to me, nor are you so dear. O king, not my father's father, not my own self, nor my very life is so dear to me.
13.94.37
त्वत्तश्च मे प्रियतरः पृथिव्यां नास्ति कश्चन ।
त्वत्तोऽपि मे प्रियतरा ब्राह्मणा भरतर्षभ ॥ १३.९४.३७ ॥
There is no one on earth dearer to me than you, and, O bull of the Bharatas, the brahmins are dearer to me even than you.
13.94.38
ब्रवीमि सत्यमेतच्च यथाऽहं पाण्डुनन्दन ।
तेन सत्येन गच्छेयं लोकान्यत्र स शान्तनुः ॥ १३.९४.३८ ॥
I speak this truth, as I do, O son of Pāṇḍu: by that truth may I go to those worlds where Śāntanu is.
13.94.39
पश्येयं च सतां लोकाञ्छुचीन्ब्रह्मपुरस्कृतान् ।
तत्र मे तात गन्तव्यमह्नाय च चिराय च ॥ १३.९४.३९ ॥
May I see the pure worlds of the good, honored by the brahmins. Dear child, there I must go, both by day and for a long time.
13.94.40
सोहमेतादृशान्लोकान्दृष्ट्वा भरतसत्तम ।
यन्मे कृतं ब्राह्मणेषु न तप्ये तेन पार्थिव ॥ १३.९४.४० ॥
Having seen such worlds, O best of the Bharatas, I feel no remorse, O king, for what I did toward the brahmins.