Mahābhārata · Adhyāya 14.115
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14.115.1
केशवेनैवमाख्याते धर्मपुत्रः पुनःपुनः ।
पप्रच्छ दानकालस्य विशेषं च विधिं नृप ॥ १४.११५.१ ॥
When Keśava had thus spoken, the son of Dharma asked again and again about the special character of the time for giving, and its rule, O king.
14.115.2
देव किं फलमाख्यातं विषुवेष्मवरेश्वर ।
सूर्येन्दूपप्लवे चैव वस्तुमर्हति तत्फलम् ॥ १४.११५.२ ॥
O god, supreme lord among the equinox and seasons, what is said to be the fruit of giving at the eclipse of the sun and moon? You are worthy to declare that fruit.
14.115.3
शृणुष्व राजन्विषुवे सोमार्कग्रहणेषु च ।
व्यतीपातेऽयने चैव दानं स्यादक्षयं फलम् ॥ १४.११५.३ ॥
Listen, O king: at the equinox, at the eclipses of the moon and sun, at the vyatīpāta, and at the solstice, a gift yields an inexhaustible fruit.
14.115.4
राजन्नयनयोर्मध्ये विषुवं सम्प्रचक्षते ।
समे रात्रिदिने तत्र सन्ध्यायां विषुवे नृप ॥ १४.११५.४ ॥
O king, the interval between the two eyes (sun and moon) is declared the equinox; there day and night are equal, and so it is at the dusk of the equinox, O king.
14.115.5
ब्रह्माऽहं शङ्करश्चापि तिष्ठामः सहिताः सकृत् ।
क्रियाकरणकार्याणामेकीभावत्वकारणात् ॥ १४.११५.५ ॥
I, Brahmā and Śaṅkara also stand together once, because the act, the instrument and the deed are in a state of oneness.
14.115.6
अस्माकमेकीभूतानां निष्कलं परमं पदम् ।
तन्मुहूर्तं परं पुण्यं राजन्विषुवसंज्ञितम् ॥ १४.११५.६ ॥
For us who have become one, there is the partless supreme state. That moment named the equinox, O king, is supremely meritorious.
14.115.7
तदेवाद्यक्षरं ब्रह्म परं ब्रह्मेति कीर्तितम् ।
तस्मिन्मुहूर्ते सर्वे तु चिन्तयन्ति परं पदम् ॥ १४.११५.७ ॥
That very imperishable syllable is declared to be brahman, the supreme brahman. In that moment all meditate upon the supreme state.
14.115.8
देवाश्च वसवो रुद्राः पितरश्चाश्विनौ तथा ।
साध्याश्च विश्वे गन्धर्वाः सिद्धा ब्रह्मर्षयस्तथा ॥ १४.११५.८ ॥
The gods, the Vasus, the Rudras, the ancestors, the two Aśvins, the Sādhyas, the Viśvedevas, the Gandharvas, the Siddhas and the brahmarṣis likewise.
14.115.9
सोमादयो ग्रहाश्चैव सरितः सागरास्तथा ।
मरुतोत्सरसो नागा यक्षराक्षसगुह्यकाः ॥ १४.११५.९ ॥
Soma and the other planets, the rivers and oceans likewise, the Maruts, the Apsarases, the serpents, the yakṣas, rākṣasas and guhyakas.
14.115.10
एते चान्ये च राजेन्द्र विषुवे संयतेन्द्रियाः ।
सोपवासाः प्रयत्नेन भवन्ति ध्यानतत्पराः ॥ १४.११५.१० ॥
These and others, O lord of kings, at the vishuva, with senses restrained, fasting, become intent upon meditation through effort.
14.115.11
अन्नं गावस्तिलान्भूमिं कन्यादानं तथैव च ।
गृहमायतनं धान्यं वाहनं शयनं तथा। ॥ १४.११५.११ ॥
Food, cows, sesame, land, the gift of a maiden in marriage, likewise a house, a shrine, grain, a vehicle and a bed.
14.115.12
यच्चान्यच्च मया प्रोक्तं तत्प्रयच्छ युधिष्ठिर ।
दीयते विषुवेष्वेवं श्रोत्रियेभ्यो विशेषतः ॥ १४.११५.१२ ॥
Give also whatever else I have named, Yudhiṣṭhira; at the vishuvas, gifts are given in this way, especially to learned brahmins.
14.115.13
तस्य दानस्य कौन्तेय क्षयं नैवोपपद्यते ।
वर्धतेऽहरहः पुण्यं तद्दानं कोटिसंमितम् ॥ १४.११५.१३ ॥
O son of Kuntī, the merit of that gift never decays; its merit grows day by day, and that gift is equal to ten million.
14.115.14
विषुवे स्नपनं यस्तु मम कुर्याद्धरस्य वा ।
अर्चनां च यतान्यायं तस्य पुण्यफलं शृणु ॥ १४.११५.१४ ॥
Hear the fruit of merit of him who, at the equinox, anoints me or Hara and worships them duly.
14.115.15
दशजन्मकृतं पापं तस्य सद्यो विनश्यति ।
दशानामश्वमेधानामिष्टानां लभते फलम् ॥ १४.११५.१५ ॥
The sin he committed in ten births is at once destroyed, and he obtains the fruit of ten horse-sacrifices performed.
14.115.16
विमानं दिव्यमारूढः कामरूपी यथासुखम् ।
स याति मामकं लोकं रुद्रलोकमथापि वा ॥ १४.११५.१६ ॥
Mounted on a divine celestial car, able to take any form he wishes, he goes at ease to my world, or to the world of Rudra.
14.115.17
तत्रस्थैर्देवगन्धर्वेर्गीयमानो यथासुखम् ।
दिव्यवर्षसहस्राणि कोटिमेकं तु मोदते ॥ १४.११५.१७ ॥
Dwelling there, sung of at ease by gods and gandharvas, he rejoices for thousands of divine years and for one crore of them.
14.115.18
ततश्चापि च्युतः कालादिह लोके द्विजोत्तमः ।
चतुर्णामपि वेदानां पारगो ब्रह्मिविद्भवेत् ॥ १४.११५.१८ ॥
Then, when that time has run out, having fallen from there, he is born in this world as the best of twice-born men, a master of all four Vedas and a knower of Brahman.
14.115.19
चन्द्रसूर्यग्रहे व्योम्नि मम वा शङ्करस्य वा ।
गायत्रीं मामिकां वाऽपि जपेद्यः शङ्करस्य वा ॥ १४.११५.१९ ॥
Whoever, at a lunar or solar eclipse, in the sky, recites my Gāyatrī or Śaṅkara's Gāyatrī, or my own or Śaṅkara's.
14.115.20
शङ्खर्तूर्यस्वनैश्चैव कांस्यघण्टास्वनैरपि ।
कारयेत्तु ध्वनिं भक्त्या तस्य पुण्यफलं शृणु ॥ १४.११५.२० ॥
He who, with devotion, causes a sound to be made with conch-shells and trumpets, and with the sound of bronze bells — hear the fruit of merit that is his.
14.115.21
गान्धर्वैर्होमजप्यैश्च जप्तैरुत्कृष्टनामभिः ।
दुर्बलोपि भवेद्राहुः सोमश्च बलवान्भवेत् ॥ १४.११५.२१ ॥
By celestial music, by offerings and recitation, and by the recitation of excellent names, Rāhu becomes weak, and Soma (the moon) becomes strong.
14.115.22
सूर्येन्दूपप्लवे चैव श्रोत्रियेभ्यः प्रदीयते ।
तत्सहस्रगुणं भूत्वा दांतारमुपतिष्ठति ॥ १४.११५.२२ ॥
What is given at a solar or lunar eclipse to learned brahmins returns a thousandfold and comes to the giver.
14.115.23
महापातकयुक्तोपि यद्यपि स्यान्नरोत्तम ।
निष्पापस्तत्क्षणादेव तेन दानेन जायते ॥ १४.११५.२३ ॥
O best of men, even one joined to great sins becomes sinless at that very moment through that gift.
14.115.24
चन्द्रसूर्यप्रकाशेन विमानेन विराजता ।
याति सोमपुरं रम्यं सेव्यमानोप्सरोगणैः ॥ १४.११५.२४ ॥
By a celestial chariot shining with the light of moon and sun, attended by troops of apsarās, he goes to the delightful city of Soma.
14.115.25
यावदृक्षाणि तिष्ठन्ति गगने शशिना सह ।
तावत्कालं स रजेन्द्र सोमलोके महीयते ॥ १४.११५.२५ ॥
As long as the stars remain in the sky together with the moon, O lord of kings, for that long he is honoured in the world of Soma.
14.115.26
ततश्चापि च्युतः कालादिह लोके युधिष्ठिर ।
वेदवेदाङ्गविद्विप्रः कोटीधनपतिर्भवेत् ॥ १४.११५.२६ ॥
Then, O Yudhiṣṭhira, having fallen from that time here into the world, the brahmin learned in the Vedas and their limbs becomes the lord of ten million in wealth.
14.115.27
भगवंस्तव गायत्री जप्यते च कथं विभो ।
किं वा तस्य फळं देव ममाचक्ष्व सुरेश्वर ॥ १४.११५.२७ ॥
O blessed lord, O mighty one, how is your Gāyatrī recited? And what is its fruit, O god, O lord of the gods? Declare it to me.
14.115.28
द्वादश्यां विषुवे चैव चन्द्रसूर्यग्रहे तथा ।
अयने श्रवणे चैव व्यतीपाते तथैव च ॥ १४.११५.२८ ॥
On the twelfth day, at the equinox, at the eclipse of the moon and the sun, likewise at the solstice, at the lunar mansion Śravaṇa, and also at the vyatīpāta.
14.115.29
अश्वत्तदर्शने चैव तथा मद्दर्शनेऽपि च ।
जप्या तु मम गायत्री चाथवाऽष्टाक्षरं नृप।
आर्जितं दुष्कृतं तस्य नाशयेन्नात्र संशयः ॥ १४.११५.२९ ॥
At the sight of the aśvattha tree, and likewise at the sight of me, my Gāyatrī or the eight-syllable mantra should be recited, O king. It destroys the evil deed he has accumulated; of this there is no doubt.
14.115.30
अश्वत्थदर्शनं चैव किं त्वद्दर्शनसंमितम् ।
एतत्कथय मे देव परं कौतूहलं हि मे ॥ १४.११५.३० ॥
And how is the sight of the aśvattha tree equal to the sight of you? Tell me this, O god; my curiosity is great.
14.115.31
अहमश्वत्थरूपेण पालयामि जगत्त्रयम् ।
अस्वत्थो न स्थितो यत्र नाहं तत्र प्रतिष्ठितः ॥ १४.११५.३१ ॥
In the form of the aśvattha tree I sustain the three worlds; where there is no aśvattha, there I am not established.
14.115.32
यत्राहं संस्थितो राजन्नस्वत्थश्चापि तिष्ठति ।
यस्त्वेनमर्चयेद्भक्त्या स मां साक्षात्समर्चति ॥ १४.११५.३२ ॥
O king, where I dwell, there the aśvattha also stands; whoever worships it with devotion, worships me directly.
14.115.33
यस्त्वेनं प्रहरेत्कोपान्मामेव प्रहरेत्तु सः ।
तस्मात्प्रदक्षिणं कुर्यान्न चिन्द्यादेनमन्वहम् ॥ १४.११५.३३ ॥
Whoever strikes it in anger, strikes me indeed; therefore one should circumambulate it, and should not cut it down day by day.
14.115.34
व्रतस्य पारणं तीर्थमार्जवं तीर्थमुच्यते ।
देवशुश्रूषणं तीर्तचं गुरुशुश्रूषणं तथा ॥ १४.११५.३४ ॥
The completion of a vow is a sacred ford; uprightness is said to be a sacred ford; service to the gods is a sacred ford, and likewise service to the teacher.
14.115.35
पितृशुश्रूषणं तीर्थं मातृशुश्रूषणं तथा ।
दाराणां तोषणं तीर्तं गार्हस्थ्यं तीर्थमुच्यते ॥ १४.११५.३५ ॥
Service to the father is a sacred ford, and likewise service to the mother; pleasing one's wives is a sacred ford; the householder's life is said to be a sacred ford.
14.115.36
आतिथेयः परं तीर्थं ब्रह्मतीर्थं सनातनम् ।
ब्रह्मिचर्यं परं तीर्तं त्रेताग्निस्तीर्थमुच्यते ॥ १४.११५.३६ ॥
Hospitality to guests is the supreme sacred ford, the eternal ford of Brahman; celibate study is the supreme sacred ford; the threefold fire is said to be a sacred ford.
14.115.37
मूलं धर्मं तु विज्ञाय मनस्तत्रावधार्यताम् ।
गच्छ तीर्थानि कौन्तेय धर्मो धर्मेण वर्धते ॥ १४.११५.३७ ॥
Knowing the root of dharma, fix your mind upon it. Go to the holy places, son of Kuntī; dharma grows by dharma.
14.115.38
द्विविधं तीर्थमित्याहुः स्थावरं जङ्गमं तथा ।
स्तावराज्जङ्गमं तीर्थं ततो ज्ञानपरिग्रहः ॥ १४.११५.३८ ॥
They say there are two kinds of sacred place: the fixed and the moving. The moving sacred place is higher than the fixed one, and higher still is the acquisition of knowledge.
14.115.39
कर्म्णाऽपि विशुद्धस्य पुरुषस्येह भारत ।
हृदये सर्वतीर्थानि तीर्थभूतः स उच्यते ॥ १४.११५.३९ ॥
Son of Bharata, in the heart of a man purified even through action in this world, all sacred places dwell; he himself is called a sacred place embodied.
14.115.40
गुरुतीर्थं परं ज्ञानमतस्तीर्तं न विद्यते ।
ज्ञानतीर्तं परं तीर्तं ब्रह्मतीर्तं सनातनम् ॥ १४.११५.४० ॥
The teacher is the supreme sacred place, and knowledge is supreme; there is no sacred place beyond this. The sacred place of knowledge is the supreme sacred place, and the sacred place of Brahman is eternal.
14.115.41
क्षमा तु परमं तीर्तं सर्वतीर्थेषु पाण्डव ।
क्षमावतामयं लोकः परश्चैव क्षमावताम् ॥ १४.११५.४१ ॥
Son of Pāṇḍu, among all sacred places forgiveness is the supreme one. This world belongs to the forbearing, and the next world too belongs to the forbearing.
14.115.42
मानितोऽमानितो वाऽपि पूजितोऽपूजितोपि वा ।
आक्रुष्टस्तर्जितो वाऽपि क्षमावांस्तीर्थमुच्यते ॥ १४.११५.४२ ॥
Whether honored or dishonored, worshipped or unworshipped, reviled or threatened — the forbearing one is called a sacred place.
14.115.43
क्षमा यशः क्षमा दानं क्षमा यज्ञः क्षमा दमः ।
क्षमाऽहिंसा क्षमा धर्मः क्षमा चेन्द्रियनिग्रहः ॥ १४.११५.४३ ॥
Forgiveness is fame, forgiveness is giving, forgiveness is sacrifice, forgiveness is self-restraint. Forgiveness is non-violence, forgiveness is dharma, and forgiveness is the restraint of the senses.
14.115.44
क्षमा दया क्षमा यज्ञः क्षमयैव धृतं जगत् ।
क्षमावान्ब्राह्मणो देवः क्षमावान्ब्राह्मणो वरः ॥ १४.११५.४४ ॥
Forgiveness is compassion, forgiveness is sacrifice; by forgiveness alone the world is upheld. The forgiving brahmin is a god, the forgiving brahmin is the best.
14.115.45
क्षमावानाप्नुयात्स्वर्गं क्षमावानाप्नुयाद्यशः ।
क्षमावान्प्राप्नुयान्मोक्षं तस्मात्साद्युः स उच्यते ॥ १४.११५.४५ ॥
The forgiving man attains heaven; the forgiving man attains fame. The forgiving man attains liberation; therefore he is called a sage.
14.115.46
आत्मा नदी भारतपुण्यतीर्थ-
मात्मा तीर्थं सर्वतीर्थप्रधानम्।
आत्मा यज्ञः सततं मन्यते वै ।
स्वर्गो मोक्षः सर्वमात्मन्यधीनम् ॥ १४.११५.४६ ॥
The self is a river, O Bhārata, a sacred ford of merit. The self is the ford, the chief of all fords. The self is constantly regarded as the sacrifice. Heaven and liberation, all things rest dependent on the self.
14.115.47
आचारनैर्मल्यमुपागतेन ।
सत्यक्षमानिस्तुलशीतलेन।
ज्ञानांबुना स्नाति हि नित्यमेवं ।
किं तस्य भूयः सलिलेन तीर्थम् ॥ १४.११५.४७ ॥
The one who has attained purity of conduct, who is cooled peerlessly by truth and forgiveness, bathes always in the water of knowledge in this way. What further need has he of a holy ford made of water?
14.115.48
भगवन्सर्वपापघ्नं प्रायश्चित्तमदुष्करम् ।
त्वद्भक्तस्य सुरश्रेष्ठ मम त्वं वक्तुमर्हसि ॥ १४.११५.४८ ॥
O blessed Lord, what expiation destroys all sins and is not difficult? O best of gods, you alone are worthy to tell it to me, your devotee.
14.115.49
रहलस्यमिदमत्यर्थमश्राव्यं पापकर्मणाम् ।
अधार्मिकाणामश्राव्यं प्रायश्चित्तं ब्रवीमि ते ॥ १४.११५.४९ ॥
This is an exceedingly secret teaching, not to be heard by those who do evil deeds or the unrighteous. I tell you the expiation.
14.115.50
पावनं ब्राह्ममं दृष्ट्वा मद्गतेनान्तरात्मना ।
नमो ब्रह्मण्यदेवायेत्यभिवादनमाचरेत् ॥ १४.११५.५० ॥
Having seen the purifying Brāhma (sacred place), with inner self fixed on me, one should perform salutation, saying: 'Homage to the god who favours brahmins.'
14.115.51
प्रदक्षिणं च यः कुर्यात्पुनरष्टाक्षरेण तु ।
तेन तुष्टेन विप्रेणि तत्पापं क्षपयाम्यहम् ॥ १४.११५.५१ ॥
The sin of one who circumambulates again with the eight-syllable mantra, I destroy through the brahmin pleased with him.
14.115.52
पोत्रकृष्टां वराहस्य मृत्तिकां शिरसा वहन् ।
प्राणायामशतं कृत्वा नरः पापैः प्रमुच्यते ॥ १४.११५.५२ ॥
A man who bears on his head clay dug up by the boar's snout, and performs a hundred breath-controls, is freed from sins.
14.115.53
दक्षिणावर्तशङ्खाद्वा कपिलाशृङ्गतोपि वा ।
प्राक्स्रोतसं नदीं गत्वा ममायतनसंनिधौ ॥ १४.११५.५३ ॥
Taking water from a right-whorled conch or from the horn of a tawny cow, or going to an east-flowing river, near my shrine.
14.115.54
सलिलेन तु यः स्नायात्सकृदेव रविग्रहे ।
तस्य यत्संचितं पापं तत्क्षणादेव नश्यति ॥ १४.११५.५४ ॥
The accumulated sin of one who bathes in water even once at a solar eclipse is destroyed in that very instant.
14.115.55
मस्तकान्निस्सृतैस्तोयैः कपिलाया युधिष्ठिर ।
गोमूत्रेणापि यः स्नायाद्रोहिण्यां मम वा दिने। ॥ १४.११५.५५ ॥
O Yudhiṣṭhira, he who bathes with water flowing from the head of the tawny cow, or even with cow's urine, on the Rohiṇī day or on my day—
14.115.56
विप्रपादच्युतैर्वाऽपि तोयैः पापं प्रणश्यति ।
नमस्येद्यस्तु मद्भक्त्या शिंशुमारं प्रजापतिम्।
चतुर्दशाङ्गसंयुक्तं तस्य पापं प्रणस्यति ॥ १४.११५.५६ ॥
Sin is destroyed even by water fallen from a brahmin's foot. He who with devotion to me bows to Śiṃśumāra, the lord of creatures endowed with fourteen limbs, his sin is destroyed.
14.115.57
ततश्चतुर्दशाङ्गानि शृणु तस्य युधिष्ठिर ।
शिरो धर्मो हनुर्ब्रह्मा वृषावुत्तरदक्षिणौ ॥ १४.११५.५७ ॥
Now, O Yudhiṣṭhira, hear his fourteen limbs: the head is Dharma, the jaw is Brahmā, the two bulls are the northern and the southern.
14.115.58
हृदयं तु भवेद्विष्णुरंसौ स्यातां तथाऽश्विनौ ।
अत्रिर्मध्यं भवेद्राजँल्लिङ्गं संवत्सरं भवेत् ॥ १४.११५.५८ ॥
The heart is Viṣṇu, and the two shoulders are the Aśvins. O king, the middle is Atri, and the organ is the year.
14.115.59
मित्रावरुणकौ पादावूरुद्वन्द्वं हुताशनः ।
ततः पश्चाद्भवेदिन्द्रस्ततः पश्चात्प्रजापतिः ॥ १४.११५.५९ ॥
Mitra and Varuṇa are the two feet, the pair of thighs is Agni. Then after that is Indra, and after that Prajāpati.
14.115.60
अभयं च ततः पश्चात्स एव ध्रुवसंज्ञिकः ।
एतान्यङ्गानि सर्वाणि शिंशुमारप्रजापतेः ॥ १४.११५.६० ॥
Then after that is Abhaya, and that same one is called Dhruva. These are all the limbs of the lord of creatures Śiṃśumāra.
14.115.61
विबेत्तु पञ्चगव्यं यः पौर्णमास्यामुपोष्य तु ।
तस्य नश्यति यत्पापं तत्पापं पूर्वसंचितम्
तथैव ब्रह्मकूर्च तु समन्त्रं तु पृथक्पृथक्। ॥ १४.११५.६१ ॥
He who fasts on the full-moon day and takes the five products of the cow, the sin accumulated before is destroyed. Likewise, the brahma-kūrca penance, with its mantras, is to be performed separately.
14.115.62
मासिमासि विबेद्यस्तु तस्य पापं प्रणश्यति ।
पात्रं च ब्रह्मकूर्चं च शृणु तत्र च भारत। ॥ १४.११५.६२ ॥
He who takes it month after month, his sin is utterly destroyed. Hear also, O Bhārata, about the vessel and the brahma-kūrca.
14.115.63
पालाशं पद्मपत्रं च ताम्रं वाऽथ हिरण्ययम् ।
सादयित्वा तु गृह्णीयात्तत्तु पात्रमुदाहृतम् ॥ १४.११५.६३ ॥
Having set down a vessel of palāśa wood, a lotus leaf, copper, or gold, one should take it; that is declared to be the vessel.
14.115.64
गायत्र्या गृह्णते मूत्रं गन्धद्वारेति गोमयम् ।
आप्यायस्वेति च क्षीरं दधिक्राण्वेति वै दधि ॥ १४.११५.६४ ॥
With the Gāyatrī verse one takes urine; with "gandha-dvārā" the dung; with "āpyāyasva" milk, and with "dadhi-krāṇḍvā" curd.
14.115.65
तेजोसिशुक्लमित्याज्यं देवस्यत्वेति कुशोदकम् ।
आपोहिष्ठेत्यृचा गृह्यि यवचूर्णं यथाविधि ॥ १४.११५.६५ ॥
With "tejo'si śuklam" one takes ghee, with "devasya tvā" water with kuśa grass, and with the ṛk "āpo hi ṣṭhā" barley flour, according to rule.
14.115.66
ब्रह्मणे च यथा हुत्वा समिद्धे च हुताशने ।
आलोड्य प्रणवेनैव निर्मथ्य प्रणवेन तु ॥ १४.११५.६६ ॥
Having offered to Brahman and into the kindled sacrificial fire, one should stir with the praṇava (Om), and churn with the praṇava alone.
14.115.67
उद्धृत्य प्रणवेनैव पिबेतु प्रणवेन तु ।
महताऽपि स पापेन त्वचेवाहिर्विमुच्यते ॥ १४.११५.६७ ॥
Having drawn it out with the praṇava alone, one should drink it with the praṇava alone. Even from a great sin he is freed, as a snake is freed from its skin.
14.115.68
भद्रं न हति यः पादं पठन्नृक्सहितां तदा ।
अन्तर्जले वाऽभ्यादित्ये तस्य पापं प्रणश्यति ॥ १४.११५.६८ ॥
He who recites a quarter-verse together with the ṛc, whether within the water or facing the sun, his sin is destroyed.
14.115.69
मम सूक्तं जपेद्यस्तु नित्यं मद्गतमानसः ।
न पापेन स लिप्येत पद्मपत्रमिवांभसा ॥ १४.११५.६९ ॥
He who always recites my hymn with his mind fixed on me is not smeared by sin, as a lotus leaf is not smeared by water.