Mahābhārata · Adhyāya 14.20
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14.20.1
यः स्यादेकान्त आसीनस्तूष्णीं किञ्चिदचिन्तयन् ।
पूर्वंपूर्वं परित्यज्य स निरारम्भको भवेत् ॥ १४.२०.१ ॥
He who, sitting alone in silence and thinking of nothing, having abandoned each earlier thing, becomes free from undertaking any action.
14.20.2
सर्वमित्रः सर्वसहः शमे रक्तो जितेन्द्रियः ।
व्यपेतभयमन्युश्च कामहा मुच्यते नरः ॥ १४.२०.२ ॥
The man who is a friend to all, bears all things, delights in peace, has conquered his senses, is free from fear and anger, and destroys desire, is liberated.
14.20.3
आत्मवत्सर्वभूतेषु यश्चरेन्नियतः शुचिः ।
नित्यमेव यथान्यायं यश्चरेन्नियतेन्द्रियः।
अमानी निरभीमानः सर्वतो मुक्त एव सः ॥ १४.२०.३ ॥
He who conducts himself toward all beings as toward his own self, is restrained and pure, always acts rightly, has his senses controlled, and is free from pride and self-conceit — he alone is wholly liberated.
14.20.4
जीवितं मरणं चोभे सुखदुःखे तथैव च ।
लाभालाभे प्रियद्वेष्ये यः समः स च मुच्यते ॥ १४.२०.४ ॥
He who remains even-minded toward life and death, pleasure and pain, likewise gain and loss, the beloved and the hated, he too is liberated.
14.20.5
न कस्यचित्स्पृहयते नावजानाति किचन ।
निर्द्वन्द्वो वीतरागात्मा सर्वथा मुक्त एव सः ॥ १४.२०.५ ॥
He who desires no one and despises nothing, is free from the pairs of opposites, and has a soul without passion, is wholly liberated.
14.20.6
अनमित्रश्च निर्बन्धुरनपत्यश्च यः क्वचित् ।
त्यक्तधर्मार्थकामश्च निराराङ्क्षी च मुच्यते ॥ १४.२०.६ ॥
He who has no enemy, no kin, and no offspring anywhere, who has abandoned dharma, wealth and desire, and is free from expectation, is liberated.
14.20.7
नैव धर्मी न चाधर्मी पूर्वोपचितहा च यः ।
क्षीणधातुः प्रशान्तात्मा निर्द्वंद्वः स विमुच्यते ॥ १४.२०.७ ॥
He who is neither righteous nor unrighteous, who destroys accumulated past deeds, whose bodily elements are spent, whose self is tranquil and who is free from pairs of opposites — he is liberated.
14.20.8
अकर्मा चाविकाङ्क्षश्च पश्येज्जगदशाश्वतम् ।
अस्वस्तमवशं नित्यं जन्ममृत्युजरायुतम् ॥ १४.२०.८ ॥
Free from action and desire, let him see the world as impermanent, unsettled, uncontrollable, and always beset with birth, death and old age.
14.20.9
वैराग्यबुद्धिः सततं तावद्दोषव्यपेक्षकः ।
आत्मबन्धविनिर्मोक्षं स करोत्यचिरादिव ॥ १४.२०.९ ॥
With a mind of dispassion, constantly regarding the faults of the world, he brings about liberation from the bond of self as quickly as if in an instant.
14.20.10
अगन्धमरसस्पर्शमशब्दमपरिग्रहम् ।
अरूपमनभिज्ञेयं दृष्ट्वाऽऽत्मानं विमुच्यते ॥ १४.२०.१० ॥
Having seen the self as without smell, taste, touch, sound, possession, form, and unknowable, he is liberated.
14.20.11
पञ्चभूतगुणैर्हीनममूर्तिमदलेपकम् ।
अगुणं गुणभोक्तारं यः पश्यति स मुच्यते ॥ १४.२०.११ ॥
He who sees the self, free from the qualities of the five elements, formless, unstained, without qualities yet the enjoyer of qualities, is liberated.
14.20.12
विहाय सर्वसङ्कल्पान्बुद्ध्या शारीरमानसान् ।
शनैर्निर्वाणमाप्नोति निरिन्धन इवानलः ॥ १४.२०.१२ ॥
Having abandoned by the intellect all bodily and mental intentions, he gradually attains extinction, like a fire without fuel.
14.20.13
सर्वसंस्कारनिर्मुक्तो निर्द्वन्द्वो निष्परिग्रहः ।
तपसा इन्द्रियग्रामं यश्चरेन्मुक्त एव सः ॥ १४.२०.१३ ॥
Freed from all conditionings, beyond the pairs of opposites, without possessions, whoever by austerity keeps the host of the senses in check is indeed liberated.
14.20.14
विमुक्तः सर्वसंस्कारैस्ततो ब्रह्मि सनातनम् ।
परमाप्नोति संशान्तमचलं नित्यमक्षरम् ॥ १४.२०.१४ ॥
Freed from all conditionings, he then attains the eternal Brahman, the supreme, tranquil, unmoving, constant and imperishable.
14.20.15
अतः परं प्रवक्ष्यामि योगशास्त्रमनुत्तमम् ।
यज्ज्ञात्वा सिद्धमात्मानं लोके पश्यन्ति योगिनः ॥ १४.२०.१५ ॥
Hereafter I shall expound the unsurpassed teaching of yoga, knowing which the yogins see the self as accomplished in this world.
14.20.16
तस्योपदेशं वक्ष्यामि यथावत्तन्निबोध मे ।
यैर्योगैर्भावयन्नित्यं पश्यत्यात्मानमात्मनि ॥ १४.२०.१६ ॥
I shall set out its instruction exactly; hear it from me—the yogas by which, constantly meditating, one sees the self within the self.
14.20.17
इन्द्रियाणि तु संहृत्य मन आत्मनि धारयेत् ।
तीव्रं तप्त्वा तपः पूर्वं मोक्षयोगं समाचरेत् ॥ १४.२०.१७ ॥
Withdrawing the senses, one should fix the mind in the self; first performing intense austerity, one should practise the yoga of liberation.
14.20.18
तपस्वी नित्यसङ्कल्पो दम्भाहङ्कारवर्जितः ।
मनीषी मनसा विप्रः पश्यत्यात्मानमात्मनि ॥ १४.२०.१८ ॥
The ascetic, constant in resolve, free from pretence and egotism, the wise brahmin sees the self in the self with the mind.
14.20.19
स चेच्छक्रोत्ययं साधुर्योक्तुमात्मानमात्मनि ।
तत एकान्तशीलः स पश्यत्यात्मानमात्मनि ॥ १४.२०.१९ ॥
If this good man is able to join the self within the self, then he, devoted to solitude, sees the self in the self.
14.20.20
संयतः सततं युक्त आत्मवान्विजितेन्द्रियः ।
यथा य आत्मनाऽऽत्मानं सम्प्रयुक्तः प्रपश्यति ॥ १४.२०.२० ॥
Restrained, always devoted to yoga, self-possessed, having conquered the senses, he sees as one who has rightly joined the self by the self.
14.20.21
यथाहि पुरुषः स्वप्ने दृष्ट्वा पश्यत्यसाविति ।
तथारूपमिवात्मानं साधुयुक्तः प्रपश्यति ॥ १४.२०.२१ ॥
As a man in a dream sees and thinks, 'that one is he,' so the well-joined one sees the self in such a form.
14.20.22
इषीकां च यथा मुञ्जात्कश्चिन्निष्कृष्य दर्शयेत् ।
योगी निष्कृष्य चात्मानं तथा पश्यति देहतः ॥ १४.२०.२२ ॥
As someone might draw a reed out from the muñja grass and show it, so the yogin draws out the self from the body and sees it.
14.20.23
मुञ्जं शरीरमित्याहुरिषीकामात्मनि श्रिताम् ।
एतन्निदर्शनं प्रोक्तं योगविद्भिरनुत्तमम् ॥ १४.२०.२३ ॥
They call the muñja grass the body, and the reed resting in the self; this is declared to be the supreme illustration, by those who know yoga.
14.20.24
यदा हि युक्तमात्मानं सम्यक् पश्यति देहभूत् ।
न तस्येहेश्वरः कश्चित्त्रैलोक्यस्यापि यः प्रभुः ॥ १४.२०.२४ ॥
When an embodied being rightly sees the joined self, no lord here has power over him, not even the lord of the three worlds.
14.20.25
अन्यान्याश्चैव तनवो यथेष्टं प्रतिपद्यते ।
विनिर्भिद्य जरां मृत्युं न शोचति न हृष्यति ॥ १४.२०.२५ ॥
He assumes other bodies at will; having pierced through old age and death, he neither grieves nor rejoices.
14.20.26
देवानामपि देवत्वं युक्तः कारयते वशी ।
ब्रह्म चाव्ययमाप्नोति हित्वा देहमशाश्वतम् ॥ १४.२०.२६ ॥
The disciplined, self-controlled one even attains the godhood of the gods; abandoning the impermanent body, he reaches the imperishable Brahman.
14.20.27
विनश्यत्सु च लोकेषु न भयं तस्य जायते ।
क्लिश्यमानेषु भूतेषु न स क्लिश्यति केनचित् ॥ १४.२०.२७ ॥
Even as the worlds perish, no fear arises in him; and while beings are tormented, he is not troubled by anything at all.
14.20.28
दुःखशोकमलैर्घोरैः सङ्गस्नेहसमुद्भवैः ।
न विचाल्यति युक्तात्मा निस्पृहः शान्तमानसः ॥ १४.२०.२८ ॥
The one whose self is yoked is not shaken by the terrible impurities of sorrow and grief that arise from attachment and affection; he is free from desire and of tranquil mind.
14.20.29
नैनं शस्त्राणि विध्यन्ते न मृत्युश्चास्य विद्यते ।
नातः सुखतरं किञ्चिल्लोके क्वचन दृश्यते ॥ १४.२०.२९ ॥
Weapons do not pierce him, and death does not exist for him; nothing happier than this is seen anywhere in the world.
14.20.30
सम्यग्युक्त्वा स आत्मानमात्मन्येव प्रतिष्ठिते ।
विनिवृत्तजरादुःखः सुखं स्वपिति चापि सः ॥ १४.२०.३० ॥
Having fully yoked himself, established in the self alone, freed from the sorrow of old age, he sleeps in happiness.
14.20.31
देहान्यथेष्टमभ्येति हित्वेमां मानुषीं तनुम् ।
निर्वेदस्तु न कर्तव्यो भुञ्जानेन कथञ्चन ॥ १४.२०.३१ ॥
Having abandoned this human body, he goes into a body of his choice; but one who enjoys must by no means give up dispassion.
14.20.32
सम्यग्युक्तो यदात्मानमात्मन्येव प्रपश्यति ।
तदैव न स्पृहयते साक्षादपि शतक्रतोः ॥ १४.२०.३२ ॥
When one rightly united in yoga sees the self in the self alone, then he does not desire even Indra himself.
14.20.33
योगमेकान्तशीलस्तु यथा विन्दति तच्छृणु ।
दृष्टपूर्वां दिशं चिन्त्य यस्मिन्संनिवसेत्परे ॥ १४.२०.३३ ॥
Now hear how one who loves solitude attains yoga: having contemplated the direction seen before, in which he should dwell far away.
14.20.34
पुरस्याभ्यन्तरे तस्य मनः स्थाप्यं न बाह्यतः ।
पुरस्याभ्यन्तरे तिष्ठन्यस्मिन्नावसथे वसेत।
तस्मिन्नावसथे धार्यं सबाद्याभ्यन्तरं मनः ॥ १४.२०.३४ ॥
Within the city he should fix his mind, not outside. Standing within the city, in whatever dwelling he lives, in that dwelling he should hold the mind both outer and inner.
14.20.35
प्रचिन्त्यावसथे कृत्स्नं यस्मिन्काये स पश्यति ।
तस्मिन्काये मनश्चास्य न च किञ्चन बाह्यतः ॥ १४.२०.३५ ॥
Having fully contemplated in the dwelling, in whatever body he sees, in that body let his mind rest, and nothing outside.
14.20.36
सन्नियम्येन्द्रियग्रामं निर्घोषं निर्जने वने ।
कायमभ्यन्तरं कृत्स्नमेकाग्रः परिचिन्तयेत् ॥ १४.२०.३६ ॥
Having well restrained the host of the senses, in a noiseless deserted forest, single-pointed, he should contemplate the whole inner body.
14.20.37
इन्तांस्तालु च जिह्वां च गलं ग्रीवां तथैव च ।
हृदयं चिन्तयेच्चापि तथा हृदयबन्धनम् ॥ १४.२०.३७ ॥
He should contemplate the palate and tongue, the throat and neck, likewise the heart, and also the bond of the heart.
14.20.38
इत्युक्तः स मया शिष्यो मेधावी मधुसूदन ।
पप्रच्छ पुनरेवेमं मोक्षधर्मं सुदुर्वचम् ॥ १४.२०.३८ ॥
Thus instructed by me, O Madhusūdana, the intelligent disciple asked again about this dharma of liberation, so very hard to express.
14.20.39
भुक्तं भुक्तमिदं कोष्ठे कथमन्नं विपच्यते ।
कथं रसत्वं व्रजति शोणितत्वं कथं पुनः ॥ १४.२०.३९ ॥
How, once eaten and eaten again, is this food digested in the stomach? How does it attain the state of essence (chyle), and how again the state of blood?
14.20.40
तथा मांसं च मेदश्च स्नाय्वस्थीनि च पोषयेत् ।
कथमेतानि सर्वाणि शरीराणि शरीरिणाम् ॥ १४.२०.४० ॥
Likewise, how does it nourish the flesh, fat, sinews and bones? And how do all these bodies of embodied beings come to be?
14.20.41
वर्धन्ते वर्धमानस्य वर्धते च कथं बलम् ।
निरासनं निष्कसनं मलानां च पृथक् पृथक् ॥ १४.२०.४१ ॥
How do the limbs of one who grows grow, and how does strength increase? And how is the expulsion and separate removal of the wastes accomplished?
14.20.42
कुतो वाऽयं प्रश्वसिति उच्छ्वसित्यपि वा पुनः ।
कं च देशमधिष्ठाय तिष्ठत्यात्माऽयमात्मनि ॥ १४.२०.४२ ॥
From where does this breathe in and breathe out? And in what place, having settled there, does this self remain within itself?
14.20.43
जीवः कथं वहति च चेष्टमानः कलेवरम् ।
किंवर्णं कीदृशं चैव निवेशयति वै मनः ॥ १४.२०.४३ ॥
How does the living self, while moving, carry the body, and of what colour and what kind does it fix the mind?
14.20.44
याथातथ्येन भगवन्वक्तुमर्हसि मेऽनघ ।
इति सम्परिपृष्टोऽहं तेन विप्रेणि माधव ॥ १४.२०.४४ ॥
O blessed one, O sinless one, you are worthy to tell me the truth. O Mādhava, thus was I thoroughly questioned by that brahmin.
14.20.45
प्रत्यब्रवं महाबाहो यथाश्रुतमरिंदम ।
यथा स्वकोष्ठे प्रक्षिप्य भाण्डं भाण्डमना भवेत् ॥ १४.२०.४५ ॥
O mighty-armed one, O subduer of foes, I answered as I had heard it: just as, having placed a pot in one's own storeroom, one's mind stays fixed on that pot.
14.20.46
तथा स्वकाये प्रक्षिप्य मनोद्वारैरनिश्चलैः ।
आत्मानं तत्र मार्गेत प्रमादं परिवर्जयेत् ॥ १४.२०.४६ ॥
Likewise, having placed the mind in one's own body through its unwavering gates, one should seek the self right there, and entirely avoid heedlessness.
14.20.47
एवं सततमुद्युक्तः प्रीतात्मा नचिरादिव ।
आसादयति तद्ब्रह्म यद्दृष्ट्वा स्यात्प्रधानवित् ॥ १४.२०.४७ ॥
Thus, ever diligent and with a gladdened self, one soon attains that Brahman, seeing which one becomes a knower of the principal essence.
14.20.48
न त्वसौ चक्षुषा ग्राह्यो न च सर्वैरपीन्द्रियैः ।
मनसैव प्रदीपेन महानात्मा प्रदृश्यते ॥ १४.२०.४८ ॥
But that great self is not grasped by the eye, nor by all the senses; it is seen clearly only by the lamp of the mind.
14.20.49
सर्वतः पाणिपादान्तः सर्वतोक्षिशिरोमुखः ।
सर्वतः श्रुतिमाँल्लोके सर्वमावृत्य तिष्ठति ॥ १४.२०.४९ ॥
On all sides he has hands and feet, on all sides eyes, heads and faces; on all sides he hears. In the world he stands, enveloping all things.
14.20.50
जीवो निष्क्रान्तमात्मानं शरीरात्सम्प्रपश्यति ।
स तमुत्सृज्य देहं स्वं पारयेद्ब्रह्म केवलम् ॥ १४.२०.५० ॥
The living self sees the self departed from the body. Having abandoned that body of his own, he should attain Brahman alone.
14.20.51
आत्मानमालोकयति मनसा प्रहसन्निव ।
तदेवमाश्रयं कृत्वा मोक्षं याति ततो मयि ॥ १४.२०.५१ ॥
With the mind he beholds the self, as if smiling; taking that very self as his refuge, he then attains liberation in me.
14.20.52
इदं सर्वरहस्यं ते मया प्रोक्तं द्विजोत्तम ।
आपृच्छे साधयिष्यामि गच्छ विप्र यथासुखम् ॥ १४.२०.५२ ॥
Best of the twice-born, I have told you all this secret. I take my leave and shall accomplish it; go, Brahmin, as you wish.
14.20.53
इत्युक्तः स तदा कृष्ण मया शिष्यो महातपाः ।
अगच्छत यथाकामं ब्राह्मणश्छिन्नसंशयः ॥ १४.२०.५३ ॥
Thus addressed, Kṛṣṇa, that great ascetic disciple, the Brahmin whose doubts were cut away, departed as he wished.
14.20.54
इत्युक्त्वा स तदा वाक्यं मां पार्थ द्विजसत्तमः ।
मोक्षधर्माश्रितं सम्यक् तत्रैवान्तरधीयत ॥ १४.२०.५४ ॥
Having said these words to me, Pārtha, that best of the twice-born, resting fully on the teaching of liberation, vanished right there.
14.20.55
कच्चिदेतत्त्वया पार्थ श्रुत्मेकाग्रचेतसा ।
तदापि हि रथस्थस्त्वं श्रुतवानेतदेव हि ॥ १४.२०.५५ ॥
Did you hear this, Pārtha, with a one-pointed mind? Even then, standing in the chariot, you indeed heard exactly this.
14.20.56
नैतत्पार्थ सुविज्ञेयं व्यामिश्रेणेति मे मतिः ।
नरेणाकृतसङ्गेन विशुद्धेनान्तरात्मना ॥ १४.२०.५६ ॥
This is not easily known, Pārtha, by one whose mind is mixed, in my view; it is known only by a man free from attachment and purified in his inner self.
14.20.57
सुरहस्यमिदं प्रोक्तं देवानां भरतर्षभ ।
कच्चित्त्विदं श्रुतं पार्थ मनुष्येणेह कर्हिचित् ॥ १४.२०.५७ ॥
This supreme secret was spoken by the gods, O bull of the Bharatas. Pārtha, have you ever heard it from any human being in this world?
14.20.58
न ह्येतच्छ्रोतुमर्होऽन्यो मनुष्यस्त्वामृतेऽनघ ।
नैतदन्येनि विज्ञेयं व्यामिश्रेणान्तरात्मना ॥ १४.२०.५८ ॥
Indeed, no other human besides you, O sinless one, is fit to hear this. It is not to be known by anyone else whose inner self is mixed.
14.20.59
क्रियावद्भिर्हि कौन्तेय देवलोकः समावृतः ।
न चैतदिष्टं देवानां मर्त्यैरुपरि वर्तनम् ॥ १४.२०.५९ ॥
The world of the gods, O son of Kuntī, is surrounded by those who perform rites. It is not desired by the gods that mortals should dwell above them.
14.20.60
परा हि सा गतिः पार्थ यत्तद्ब्रह्म सनातनम् ।
यत्रामृतत्वं प्राप्नोति त्यक्त्वा दुःखं सदा सुखी ॥ १४.२०.६० ॥
That, Pārtha, is the supreme goal, the eternal Brahman, where one attains immortality and, having abandoned sorrow forever, is always happy.
14.20.61
इमं धर्मं समास्थाय येऽपि स्युः पापयोनयः ।
स्त्रियो वैश्यास्तथा शूद्रास्तेऽपि यान्ति परां गतिम् ॥ १४.२०.६१ ॥
Having resorted to this dharma, even those of sinful birth—women, vaiśyas, and śūdras—attain the highest goal.
14.20.62
किं पुनर्ब्रह्मणाः पार्थ क्षत्रिया वा बहुश्रुताः ।
स्वधर्मरतयो नित्यं ब्रह्मलोकपरायणः ॥ १४.२०.६२ ॥
How much more so, O Pārtha, brahmins or learned kṣatriyas who always delight in their own dharma and are intent on the world of Brahmā!
14.20.63
हेतुमच्चैतदुद्दिष्टमुपायाश्चास्य साधने ।
सिद्धिं फलं च मोक्षश्च दुःखस्य च विनिर्णियः ॥ १४.२०.६३ ॥
This has been declared with its reason, and there are means to accomplish it: perfection, its fruit, liberation, and the certain ending of suffering.
14.20.64
नातः परं सुखं त्वन्यत्किंचित्स्याद्भरतर्षभ ।
श्रुतवाञ्श्रद्दधानश्च पराक्रान्तश्च पाण्डव ॥ १४.२०.६४ ॥
There is no greater happiness than this, O best of the Bharatas; for one who is learned, faithful, and valiant, O Pāṇḍava.
14.20.65
यः परित्यज्यते मर्त्यो लोकसारमसरवत् ।
एतैरुपायैः स क्षिप्रं परां गतिमवाप्नुते ॥ १४.२०.६५ ॥
The mortal who abandons even the essence of the world as though it were worthless quickly attains the highest goal by these means.
14.20.66
एतावदेव वक्तव्यं नान्तो भूयोस्ति किञ्चन ।
षण्मासान्नित्ययुक्तस्य योगः पार्थ प्रवर्तते ॥ १४.२०.६६ ॥
This much alone is to be said; there is nothing further. O Pārtha, in six months yoga arises in one who is constantly disciplined.