Mahābhārata · Adhyāya 14.42
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14.42.1
अहङ्कारात्प्रसूतानि महाभूतानि पञ्च वै ।
पृथिवी वायुराकाशमापो ज्योतिश्च पञ्चमम् ॥ १४.४२.१ ॥
From egoism were born the five great elements: earth, air, space, water, and fire-light, the fifth.
14.42.2
तेषु भूतानि मुह्यन्ति महाभूतेषु पञ्चसु ।
शब्दस्पर्शनरूपेषु रसगन्धक्रियासु च ॥ १४.४२.२ ॥
In those five great elements, with their sound, touch, form, taste, smell and actions, beings become deluded.
14.42.3
महाभूतविकारान्ते प्रलये प्रत्युपस्थिते ।
सर्वप्राणभूतां धीरा महदुत्पद्यते भयम् ॥ १४.४२.३ ॥
When the transformations of the great elements have ended and dissolution draws near, a great fear arises even in the steadfast, for all breathing beings.
14.42.4
यद्यस्माज्जायते भूतं तत्र तत्प्रविलीयते ।
लीयन्ते प्रतिलोमानि जायन्ते चोत्तरोत्तरम् ॥ १४.४२.४ ॥
That from which a being is born, into that it dissolves again. They dissolve in reverse order, and each successive one is born in turn.
14.42.5
ततः प्रलीने सर्वस्मिन्भूते स्थावरजङ्गमे ।
स्मृतिमन्तस्तदा धीरा न लीयन्ते कदाचन ॥ १४.४२.५ ॥
Then, when all beings, whether immovable or movable, have dissolved, the steadfast who possess recollection never dissolve at all.
14.42.6
शब्दः स्पर्शस्तथा रूपं रसो गन्धश्च पञ्चमः ।
क्रियाः करणयुक्ताः स्युरनित्या मोहसंज्ञिताः ॥ १४.४२.६ ॥
Sound, touch, form, taste, and smell, the fifth, together with the actions joined to the senses, are impermanent and are called delusion.
14.42.7
लोभप्रजनसम्भूता निर्विशेषा ह्यकिञ्चनाः ।
मांसशोणितसङ्घाता अन्योन्यस्योपजीविनः ॥ १४.४२.७ ॥
Born of greed and procreation, undifferentiated, indeed possessing nothing, aggregates of flesh and blood, living off one another.
14.42.8
बहिरात्मान इत्येते दीनाः कृपणजीविनः ।
प्राणापानावुदानश्च समानो व्यान एव च ॥ १४.४२.८ ॥
These are called outward selves, wretched, living miserable lives: prāṇa, apāna, udāna, samāna and also vyāna.
14.42.9
अन्तरात्मनि चाप्येते नियताः पञ्च वायवः ।
वाङ्मनोबुद्धिरित्येभिः सार्धमष्टात्मकं जगत् ॥ १४.४२.९ ॥
And in the inner self these five winds are restrained; together with speech, mind and intellect, by these the world is made eightfold in nature.
14.42.10
त्वग्घ्राणश्रोत्रचक्षूंषि रसना वाक्च संयताः ।
विशुद्धं च मनो यस्य बुद्धिश्चाव्यभिचारिणी ॥ १४.४२.१० ॥
Skin, nose, ears, eyes, tongue and speech are restrained; he whose mind is pure and whose intellect does not waver.
14.42.11
अष्टौ यस्याग्नयो ह्येते दहन्तेऽहङ्क्रियाः सदा ।
स तद्ब्रह्म शुभं याति तस्माद्भूयो न विद्यते ॥ १४.४२.११ ॥
He whose eight fires always burn up the ego-driven actions goes to that auspicious Brahman; there is nothing beyond it.
14.42.12
एकादश च यान्याहुरिन्द्रियाणि विशेषतः ।
अहङ्कारात्प्रसूतानि तानि वक्ष्यामि नामतः ॥ १४.४२.१२ ॥
And those which are called the eleven senses, arisen from ego: I shall tell them by name.
14.42.13
श्रोत्रं त्वक् चक्षुषी जिह्वा नासिका चैव पञ्चमी ।
पादौ पायुरुपस्थश्च हस्तौ वाग्दशमी भवेत् ॥ १४.४२.१३ ॥
Hearing, skin, the two eyes, the tongue, and the fifth, the nose; the two feet, the anus, the genitals, the two hands, and the tenth is speech.
14.42.14
इन्द्रियग्राम इत्येष मन एकादशं भवेत् ।
एतं ग्रामं जयेत्पूर्वं ततो ब्रह्म प्रकाशते ॥ १४.४२.१४ ॥
This is the host of the senses, and the mind is the eleventh. This host one should conquer first; then Brahman shines forth.
14.42.15
बुद्धीन्द्रियाणि पञ्चाहुः पञ्च कर्मेन्द्रियाणि च ।
श्रोत्रादीन्यपि पञ्चाहुर्बुद्धियुक्तानि तत्त्वतः ॥ १४.४२.१५ ॥
They say the five faculties of perception and the five faculties of action; and they say that hearing and the other five are, in truth, joined with the intellect.
14.42.16
अविशेषाणि चान्यानि कर्मयुक्तानि यानि तु ।
उभयत्र मनो ज्ञेयं बुद्धिस्तु द्वादशी भवेत् ॥ १४.४२.१६ ॥
And the others, undifferentiated, are joined with action. The mind is to be known as belonging to both; and the intellect is the twelfth.
14.42.17
इत्युक्तानीन्द्रियाण्येतान्येकादश यथाक्रमम् ।
मन्यन्ते कृतमित्येवं विदित्वा तानि पण्डिताः ॥ १४.४२.१७ ॥
Thus the eleven senses have been declared in their due order. Knowing them, the wise consider the task accomplished.
14.42.18
त्रीणि स्थानानि भूतानां चतुर्थं नोपपद्यते ।
स्थलमापस्तथाऽ।काशं जन्म चापि चतुर्विधम् ॥ १४.४२.१८ ॥
Beings have three realms; a fourth is not found. Earth, water and space — and birth too is of four kinds.
14.42.19
अण्डजोद्भिज्जसंस्वेदजरायुजमथापि च ।
चतुर्धा जन्म इत्येतद्भूतग्रामस्य लक्ष्यते ॥ १४.४२.१९ ॥
Egg-born, sprout-born, moisture-born, and womb-born: thus the birth of the multitude of beings is seen to be fourfold.
14.42.20
अपराण्यथ भूतानि खेचराणि तथैव च ।
अण्डजानि विजानीयात्सर्वांश्चैव सरीसृपान् ॥ १४.४२.२० ॥
Other beings that move through the sky, and all the creeping things, should be known as egg-born.
14.42.21
स्वेदजाः कृमयः प्रोक्ता जन्तवश्च यथाक्रमम् ।
जन्मद्वितीयमित्येतज्जघन्यतरमुच्यते ॥ १४.४२.२१ ॥
Worms and creatures born of moisture are declared in due order; this is called the second birth, and it is said to be the lowest.
14.42.22
भित्त्वा तु पृथिवीं यानि जायन्ते कालपर्ययात् ।
उद्भिज्जानि च तान्याहुर्भूतानि द्विजसत्तमाः ॥ १४.४२.२२ ॥
Those that break through the earth and are born in the course of time, O best of the twice-born, they call sprout-born beings.
14.42.23
द्विपादबहुपादानि तिर्यग्गतिमतीनि च ।
जरायुजानि भूतानि विकृतान्यपि सत्तमाः ॥ १४.४२.२३ ॥
Two-footed and many-footed beings, those that move sideways, and even deformed ones, are womb-born beings, O best of men.
14.42.24
द्विविधा खलु विज्ञेया ब्रह्मयोनिः सनातना ।
तपः कर्म च यत्पुण्यमित्येष विदुषां नयः ॥ १४.४२.२४ ॥
The eternal womb of Brahman is to be known as twofold: austerity, and meritorious action. This is the teaching of the wise.
14.42.25
विविधं कर्म विज्ञेयमिज्या दानं च तन्मखे ।
वेदस्याध्ययनं पुण्यमिति वृद्धानुशासनम् ॥ १४.४२.२५ ॥
Various kinds of action are to be known: sacrifice, gifts given at the sacrifice, and study of the Veda is meritorious—this is the instruction of the elders.
14.42.26
एतद्यो वेत्ति विधिवत्स मुक्तः स्याद्द्विजर्षभाः ।
विमुक्तः सर्वपापेभ्य इति चैव निबोधत ॥ १४.४२.२६ ॥
He who knows this according to rule becomes liberated, O best of the twice-born, freed from all sins—understand this.
14.42.27
अतः परं प्रवक्ष्यामि सर्वं विविधमिन्द्रियम् ॥ १४.४२.२७ ॥
Hereafter I will explain all the various sense-faculties.
14.42.28
आकाशं प्रथमं भूतं श्रोत्रमध्यात्ममुच्यते ।
अधिभूतं तथा शब्दो दिशश्चात्राधिदैवतम् ॥ १४.४२.२८ ॥
Space is the first element; the ear is called the inner faculty. Its outer object is sound, and here the directions are the presiding deities.
14.42.29
द्वितीयं मारुतं भूतं त्वगध्यात्मं च विश्रुतम् ।
स्प्रष्टव्यमधिभूतं तु विद्युत्तत्राधिदैवतम् ॥ १४.४२.२९ ॥
The second element is air, and the skin is famed as the inner faculty. Its outer object is touch, and there lightning is the presiding deity.
14.42.30
तृतीयं ज्योतिरित्याहुश्चक्षुरध्यात्ममिष्यते ।
अधिभूतं ततो रूपं सूर्यस्तत्राधिदैवतम् ॥ १४.४२.३० ॥
The third element is called light; the eye is held to be the inner faculty. Its outer object is form, and there the sun is the presiding deity.
14.42.31
चतुर्थमापो विज्ञेयं जिह्वा चाध्यात्ममिष्यते ।
अधिभूतं रसश्चात्र सोमस्तत्राधिदैवतम् ॥ १४.४२.३१ ॥
The fourth element should be known as water; the tongue is taught as the inner (sense-organ), its outer object is taste, and there its presiding deity is Soma.
14.42.32
पृथिवी पञ्चमं भूतं घ्राणश्चाध्यात्ममुच्यते ।
अधिभूतं तथा गन्धो वायुस्तत्रादिदैवतम् ॥ १४.४२.३२ ॥
The fifth element is earth; the nose is called the inner (sense-organ), its outer object is smell, and there its presiding deity is Vāyu.
14.42.33
एषु पञ्चसु भूतेषु चतुष्टयविधिः स्मृतः ।
अतः परं प्रवक्ष्यामि सर्वं त्रिविधमिन्द्रियम् ॥ १४.४२.३३ ॥
In these five elements the fourfold arrangement is recalled. Hereafter I shall declare all the threefold sense-faculties.
14.42.34
पादावध्यात्ममित्याहुर्ब्राह्मणास्तत्वदर्शिनः ।
अधिभूतं तु गन्तव्यं विष्णुस्तत्राधिदैवतम् ॥ १४.४२.३४ ॥
The brahmins who see the truth say the two feet are the inner (sense-organ); their outer object is the place to be reached, and there their presiding deity is Viṣṇu.
14.42.35
अवाग्गतिरपानश्च पायुरध्यात्ममिष्यते ।
अधिभूतं विसर्गश्च मित्रस्तत्राधिदैवतम् ॥ १४.४२.३५ ॥
Downward motion, the downward breath and the anus are taught as the inner (sense-organ); its outer object is excretion, and there its presiding deity is Mitra.
14.42.36
प्रजनः सर्वभूतानामुपस्थोऽध्यात्ममुच्यते ।
अधिभूतं तथा शुक्रं दैवतं च प्रजापतिः ॥ १४.४२.३६ ॥
The genital organ, the means of generation of all beings, is called the inner (sense-organ); likewise its outer object is semen, and its deity is Prajāpati.
14.42.37
हस्तावध्यात्ममित्याहुरद्यात्मविदुषो जनाः ।
अधिभूतं च कर्माणि शक्रस्तत्राधिदैवतम् ॥ १४.४२.३७ ॥
The hands, the knowers of the self say, are the inner self; the external domain is actions, and there the presiding deity is Indra.
14.42.38
वैश्वदेवी मनःपूर्वा वागध्यात्ममिहोच्यते ।
वक्तव्यमधिभूतं च वह्निस्तत्राधिदैवतम् ॥ १४.४२.३८ ॥
Here speech, the Vaiśvadevī that is preceded by mind, is called the inner self; what is to be spoken is the external domain, and there the presiding deity is Agni.
14.42.39
अध्यात्मं मन इत्याहुः पञ्चभूतात्मचारकम् ।
अधिभूतं च सङ्कल्पश्चन्द्रमाश्चाधिदैवतम् ॥ १४.४२.३९ ॥
They call the mind the inner self, which moves the self made of the five elements; the external domain is resolve, and there the presiding deity is the moon.
14.42.40
अहङ्कारस्तथाऽध्यात्मं सर्वसंसारकारणम् ।
अभिमानोऽधिभूतं च रुद्रस्तत्राधिदैवतम् ॥ १४.४२.४० ॥
The sense of 'I' is likewise the inner self, the cause of all worldly existence; self-conceit is the external domain, and there the presiding deity is Rudra.
14.42.41
अध्यात्मं बुद्धिरित्याहुः षडिन्द्रियविचारिणी ।
अधिभूतं तु विज्ञेयमहस्तत्राधिदैवतम् ॥ १४.४२.४१ ॥
The intellect that discerns through the six senses is called the inner self; the external domain is to be known as day, and there the presiding deity is the sun.
14.42.42
यथावदध्यात्मविधिरेष वः कीर्तितो मया ।
ज्ञानमस्य हि धर्मज्ञाः प्राप्तं ज्ञानवतामिह ॥ १४.४२.४२ ॥
This rule of the inner self has been declared to you by me as it is. O knowers of dharma, the knowledge of it has been attained here by the wise.
14.42.43
इन्द्रियाणीन्द्रियार्थाश्च महाभूतानि पञ्च च ।
सर्वाण्येतानि संधाय मनसा सम्प्रधारयेत् ॥ १४.४२.४३ ॥
The senses, the objects of the senses, and the five great elements — having gathered all of these together with the mind, one should hold them firmly.
14.42.44
क्षीणे मनसि सर्वस्मिन्न जन्मसुखमिष्यते ।
ज्ञानसम्पन्नसत्त्वानां तत्सुखं विदुषां मतम् ॥ १४.४२.४४ ॥
When the mind is wholly quieted, the pleasure of birth is not desired; for those endowed with wisdom and pure nature, that is the happiness, the wise hold.
14.42.45
अतः परं प्रवक्ष्यामि सूक्ष्मभावकरीं शिवाम् ।
निवृत्तिं सर्वभूतेषु मृदुना दारुणेन वा ॥ १४.४२.४५ ॥
Next I shall declare the auspicious withdrawal that brings about a subtle state, toward all beings, whether by gentle or by harsh means.
14.42.46
गुणागुणमनासङ्गमेकचर्यमनन्तरम् ।
एतद्ब्राह्मणजं वृत्तमाहुरेकपदं सुखम् ॥ १४.४२.४६ ॥
Without attachment to quality or lack of quality, one-pointed and unbroken conduct: this, born of the brahmin, they call the one step to happiness.
14.42.47
विद्वान्कूर्म इवाङ्गानि कामान्संहृत्य सर्वशः ।
विरजाः सर्वतो मुक्तो यो नरः स सुखी सदा ॥ १४.४२.४७ ॥
As the tortoise draws in its limbs, the wise man who has wholly withdrawn all desires, free from passion and liberated in every way, is always happy.
14.42.48
कामानात्मनि संयम्य क्षीणतृष्णः समाहितः ।
सर्वभूतसुहृन्मैत्रो ब्रह्मभूयाय कल्पते ॥ १४.४२.४८ ॥
Having restrained desires within the self, with craving exhausted and mind composed, a friend and well-wisher to all beings, one becomes fit to attain the state of Brahman.
14.42.49
इन्द्रियाणां निरोधेन सर्वेषां विषयैषिणाम् ।
मुनेर्जनपदत्यागादध्यात्माग्निः समिध्यते ॥ १४.४२.४९ ॥
By restraining the senses, and by a sage forsaking the company of all who seek sense-objects and the inhabited lands, the inner fire is kindled.
14.42.50
यथाऽग्निरिन्धनैरिद्धो महाज्योतिः प्रकाशते ।
तथेन्द्रियनिरोधेन महानात्मा प्रकाशतदे ॥ १४.४२.५० ॥
As fire kindled with fuel shines with a great light, so the great self shines forth through restraint of the senses.
14.42.51
यदा पश्यति भूतानि प्रसन्नात्माऽत्मनो हृदि ।
स्वयंज्योतिस्तदासूक्ष्मात्सूक्ष्मं प्राप्नोत्यनुत्तमम् ॥ १४.४२.५१ ॥
When the one of serene self sees beings within his own heart, then, self-luminous, he attains the subtle of the subtle, the supreme.
14.42.52
अग्नी रूपं रसं स्रोतो वायुः स्पर्शनमेव च ।
मही गन्धधरा घ्राणमाकाशः श्रवणं तथा। ॥ १४.४२.५२ ॥
Fire is form; water, the source of taste; air, touch; earth, bearer of smell, which is the sense of smell; and space, hearing likewise.
14.42.53
दृश्यमादित्यमेवाहुरध्यात्मविदुषो जनाः ।
रोगशोकसमाविष्टं पञ्चस्रोतःसमावृतम्।
पञ्चभूतसमायुक्तं नवद्वारं द्विदैवतम् ॥ १४.४२.५३ ॥
Those who know the inner self call it the visible and the sun: it is beset by disease and grief, enveloped by five channels, joined to the five elements, having nine gates and two deities.
14.42.54
रजस्वलमथादृश्यं त्रिगुणं सप्तधातुकम् ।
संसर्गाभिरतं मूढं शरीरमिति धारणा ॥ १४.४२.५४ ॥
Full of passion, unseen, made of the three qualities and the seven constituents, delighting in contact and deluded: this is the notion of the body.
14.42.55
दुश्चरं जीवलोकेऽस्मिन्सत्वं प्रति समाश्रितम् ।
एतदेव हि लोकेऽस्मिन्कालचक्रं प्रवर्तते ॥ १४.४२.५५ ॥
Hard it is in this world of living beings to take refuge in sattva; and in this very world the wheel of time turns.
14.42.56
एतन्महार्णवं घोरमगाधं मोहसंझितम् ।
विसृजन्संक्षिपेच्चैव मोहयन्स्वापयञ्जगत् ॥ १४.४२.५६ ॥
This terrible, bottomless great ocean is called delusion. Releasing the world, it also draws it back in, deluding and lulling it to sleep.
14.42.57
कामं क्रोधं भयं लोभमभिद्रोहमथानृतम् ।
इन्द्रियाणां निरोधेन सतस्त्यजति दुस्त्यजान् ॥ १४.४२.५७ ॥
Through restraint of the senses, the good man gives up desire, anger, fear, greed, treachery and falsehood, which are hard to abandon.
14.42.58
यस्यैते निर्जिता लोके त्रिगुणाः पञ्चधातवः ।
व्योम्नि तस्य परं स्थानमानन्तमथ लक्ष्यते ॥ १४.४२.५८ ॥
For him who has conquered in this world these three qualities and five elements, the supreme abode is then seen, infinite, in the ether.
14.42.59
पञ्चेन्द्रियमहाकूलां मनःस्रोतोभयावहाम् ।
नदीं मोहह्रदां तीर्त्वा कामक्रोधावुभौ जयेत् ॥ १४.४२.५९ ॥
Having crossed this river, whose great banks are the five senses, whose currents of mind bring fear, and whose pools are delusion, one should conquer both desire and anger.
14.42.60
स सर्वदोषनिर्मुक्तस्ततः पश्यति तत्परम् ।
मनो मनसि सन्धाय पश्यन्नात्मानमात्मनि ॥ १४.४२.६० ॥
Freed from all faults, he then sees that supreme; fixing mind in mind, he sees the self in the self.
14.42.61
सर्ववित्सर्वभूतेषु द्रक्ष्यत्यात्मानमात्मनि ।
एकधा बहुधा चैव विकुर्वाणस्ततस्ततः ॥ १४.४२.६१ ॥
The all-knowing one will see the self within the self, in all beings. Manifesting in one form and in many forms, again and again.
14.42.62
ध्रुवं पश्यति रूपाणि दीपाद्दीपशतं यथा ।
स वै विष्णुश्च मित्रश्च वरुणोऽग्निः प्रजापतिः ॥ १४.४२.६२ ॥
Surely he sees forms manifold, as from one lamp a hundred lamps are kindled. He is Viṣṇu, and Mitra, and Varuṇa, Agni, and Prajāpati.
14.42.63
स हि धाता विधाता च स प्रभुः सर्वतोमुखः ।
हृदयं सर्वभूतानां महानात्मा प्रकाशते ॥ १४.४२.६३ ॥
He is the sustainer and the disposer, and he is the lord with faces on every side. As the heart of all beings the great self shines forth.
14.42.64
तं विप्रसङ्घाश्च सुरासुराश्च ।
यक्षाः पिशाचाः पितरो वयांसि।
रक्षोगणा भूतगणाश्च सर्वे ।
महर्षयश्चैव सदा स्तुवन्ति ॥ १४.४२.६४ ॥
Him the throngs of brahmins, and gods and demons, yakṣas and piśācas, the ancestors, birds, hosts of rākṣasas and hosts of spirits, and all the great seers always praise.