Mahābhārata · Adhyāya 3.189
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3.189.1
अत्रैव च सरस्वत्या गीतं परपुरंजय ।
पृष्टया मुनिना वीर शृणु तार्क्ष्येण धीमता ॥ ३.१८९.१ ॥
Here, O hero who conquers enemy cities, Sarasvatī sang what was asked by the wise sage Tārkṣya; listen.
3.189.2
किंन श्रेयः पुरुषस्येह भद्रे ।
कथं कुर्वन्न च्यवते स्वधर्मात्।
आचक्ष्व मे चारुसर्वाङ्गि सर्वं ।
त्वया शिष्टो न च्यवेयं स्वधर्मात् ॥ ३.१८९.२ ॥
O auspicious one, what is the highest good for a man in this world? How, in acting, does he not fall from his own duty? Tell me everything, O lovely-limbed one; instructed by you, may I not fall from my own duty.
3.189.3
कथं चाग्निं जुहुयां पूजये वा ।
कस्मिन्काले केन धर्मो न नश्येत्।
एतत्सर्वं सुभगे प्रब्रवीहि ।
यथा लोकान्विरजाः संचरेयम् ॥ ३.१८९.३ ॥
How should I offer oblations in the fire, or how should I worship? At what time and by what means would dharma not perish? O fortunate lady, explain all this, so that I may move through the worlds free from stain.
3.189.4
एवं पृष्टा प्रीतियुक्तेन तेन ।
शुश्रूषुणा चोत्तमबुद्दियुक्तम्।
तार्क्ष्यं विप्रं धर्मयुक्तं हितं च ।
सरस्वती वाक्यमिदं बभाषे ॥ ३.१८९.४ ॥
Thus questioned by that brahmin Tārkṣya, full of affection, desirous of listening, endowed with supreme wisdom, Sarasvatī spoke these words, which were righteous and beneficial.
3.189.5
यो ब्रह्म जानाति यथोपदेशं ।
स्वाध्यायनित्यः शुचिरप्रमत्तः।
स वै पुरो देवलोकस्य गन्ता ।
सहामरैः प्राप्नुयात्प्रीतियोगम् ॥ ३.१८९.५ ॥
He who knows the Veda according to its teaching, constant in self-study, pure and vigilant — he indeed will go foremost to the world of the gods, and attain union in joy with the immortals.
3.189.6
तत्र स्म रम्या विपुला विशोकाः ।
सुपुष्पिताः पुष्करिण्यः सुपुण्याः।
अकर्दमा मीनवत्यः सुतीर्था ।
हिरण्मयैरावृताः पुण्डरीकैः ॥ ३.१८९.६ ॥
There are delightful, vast, sorrowless lotus-ponds, richly flowering and very holy, without mud, full of fish, with fine bathing-places, surrounded by golden white lotuses.
3.189.7
तासां तीरेष्वासते पुण्यभाजो ।
महीयमानाः पृथगप्सरोभिः।
सुपुण्यगन्धाभिरलंकृताभि-
र्हिरण्यवर्णाभिरतीव हृष्टाः ॥ ३.१८९.७ ॥
On their banks dwell those who share in merit, honored separately by the apsarases, adorned with very holy fragrance, golden-hued, and exceedingly delighted.
3.189.8
परं लोकं गोप्रदास्त्वाप्नुवन्ति ।
दत्त्वाऽनड्वाहं सूर्यलोकं व्रजन्ति।
वासो दत्त्वा चान्द्रमसं तु लोकं ।
दत्त्वा हिरण्यममरत्वमेति ॥ ३.१८९.८ ॥
Those who give cows obtain the supreme world; by giving a draught-ox they go to the world of the sun; by giving a garment they attain the world of the moon; by giving gold one attains immortality.
3.189.9
धेनुं दत्त्वा सुप्रमां साधुदोहां ।
कल्याणवत्सामपलायिनीं च।
यावन्ति रोमाणि भवन्ति तस्या-
स्तावद्वर्षाण्यासते देवलोके ॥ ३.१८९.९ ॥
He who gives an excellent cow, easy to milk, with a fine calf and not prone to running off, dwells in the world of the gods for as many years as there are hairs on her body.
3.189.10
अनड्वाहं सुव्रतं यो ददाति ।
हलस्य वोढारमनन्तवीर्यम्।
धुरंधरं बलवन्तं युवानं ।
प्राप्नोति लोकान्दशधेनुदस्य ॥ ३.१८९.१० ॥
He who gives a well-vowed young bull, a bearer of the plough, of endless strength, a yoke-bearer, strong, attains the worlds of one who gives ten cows.
3.189.11
ददाति यो वै कपिलां सचैलां ।
कांस्योपदोहां द्रविणैरुत्तरीयैः।
तैस्तैर्गुणैः कामदुहाऽथ भूत्वा ।
नरं प्रदातारमुपैति नाकैः ॥ ३.१८९.११ ॥
He who gives a tawny cow with a cloth, a bronze milking vessel, wealth and upper garments — by those very qualities she becomes a wish-fulfilling cow and carries the giver up to the heavens.
3.189.12
यावन्ति रोमाणि भवन्ति धेन्वा-
स्तावत्फलं लभते गोप्रदाने।
पुत्रांसच् पौत्रांश्च कुलं च सर्व-
मासप्तमं तारयते परत्र ॥ ३.१८९.१२ ॥
As many hairs as there are on a cow, that much reward does one obtain by giving a cow. He carries across in the next world his sons, grandsons, and the whole family up to the seventh generation.
3.189.13
सदक्षिणां काञ्चनचारुशृङ्गीं ।
कांस्योपदोहां द्रविणैरुत्तरीयैः।
धेनुं तिलानां ददतो द्विजाय ।
लोका वसूनां सुलभा भवन्ति ॥ ३.१८९.१३ ॥
He who gives to a twice-born man a cow with fine golden horns, together with a fee, a bronze milking vessel, wealth and upper garments — for him the worlds of the Vasus are easily attained.
3.189.14
स्वकर्मभिर्दानवसंनिरुद्धे ।
तीव्रान्धकारे नरके पतन्तम्।
महार्णवे नौरिव वातयुक्ता ।
दानं गवां तारयते परत्र ॥ ३.१८९.१४ ॥
As a boat driven by the wind carries across the great ocean one who falls into hell, dark and beset by demons through his own deeds, so the gift of cows carries him across in the next world.
3.189.15
यो ब्राह्मदेयां तु ददाति कन्यां ।
भूमिप्रदानं च करोति विप्रे।
ददाति दानं विधिना च यश्च ।
स लोकमाप्नोति पुरंदरस्य ॥ ३.१८९.१५ ॥
He who gives a maiden fit to be given to a brahmin, makes a gift of land to a brahmin, and gives a gift according to the rule — he attains the world of Purandara, Indra.
3.189.16
यः सप्तवर्षाणि जुहोति तार्क्ष्य ।
हव्यं त्वग्नौ नियतः साधुशीलः।
सप्तावरान्सप्तपूर्वान्पुनाति ।
पितामहानात्मना कर्मभिः स्वैः ॥ ३.१८९.१६ ॥
He who for seven years, self-controlled and of good conduct, offers oblations into the fire, O Tārkṣya, purifies by his own deeds seven forefathers before and seven after.
3.189.17
किमग्निहोत्रस्य व्रतं पुराण-
माचक्ष्व मे पृच्तश्चारुरूपे।
त्वयाऽनुशिष्टोऽहमिहाद्य विद्यां ।
यदग्निहोत्रस्य व्रतं पुराणम् ॥ ३.१८९.१७ ॥
O beautiful one, tell me, who ask, what is the ancient observance of the agnihotra. Instructed by you here today, I shall know that knowledge, the ancient observance of the agnihotra.
3.189.18
न चाशुचिर्नाप्यनिर्णिक्तपाणि-
र्नाब्रह्मविज्जुहुयान्नाविपश्चित्।
बुभुत्सवः शुचिकामा हि देवा ।
नाश्रद्दधानाद्धि हविर्जुषन्ति ॥ ३.१८९.१८ ॥
Neither the impure, nor one whose hands are unwashed, nor one ignorant of the Veda, nor the unlearned should offer oblations. For the gods desire knowledge and seek purity; they do not accept oblations from one without faith.
3.189.19
नाश्रोत्रियं देवहव्ये नियुञ्ज्या-
न्मोघं पुरा सिञ्चति तादृशो हि।
अपूर्णमश्रोत्रियमाह तार्क्ष्य ।
न वै तादृग्जुहुयादग्निहोत्रम् ॥ ३.१८९.१९ ॥
One who has not studied the Veda should not be appointed to the oblation for the gods; such a one pours in vain. O Tārkṣya, the unlearned is said to be incomplete; such a one should not perform the agnihotra.
3.189.20
रये वै कृशानुं जुह्वति श्रद्दधानाः ।
सत्यव्रता हुतशिष्टाशिनश्च।
गवां लोकं प्राप्यते पुण्यगन्धं ।
पश्यन्ति देवं परमं चापि सत्यम् ॥ ३.१८९.२० ॥
Those who, full of faith and keeping true vows, offer into the fire and eat what remains of the oblation attain the world of cows, fragrant with merit, and behold the supreme god and the truth.
3.189.21
क्षेत्रज्ञभूतां परलोकभावे ।
कर्मोदये बुद्दिमभिप्रविष्टाम्।
प्रज्ञां च देवीं सुभगे विमृश्य ।
पृच्छामि त्वां का ह्यसि चारुरूपे ॥ ३.१८९.२१ ॥
O fortunate one, in the state of the next world, at the rising of action, having considered the goddess Prajñā who has entered the intellect in the form of the knower of the field, I ask you: O beautiful one, who are you?
3.189.22
अग्निहोत्रादहमभ्यागताऽस्मि ।
विप्रर्षभाणां संशयच्छेदनाय।
त्वत्संयोगादहमेतदब्रुवं ।
भावे स्थिता तथ्यमर्थं यथावत् ॥ ३.१८९.२२ ॥
I have come from the agnihotra rite, to cut away the doubts of the foremost brahmins. Through your union I speak this, standing firm in my nature, the true meaning exactly as it is.
3.189.23
न हि त्वया सदृशी काचिदस्ति ।
विभ्राजसे ह्यतिमात्रं यथा श्रीः।
रूपं च ते दिव्यमनन्तकान्ति ।
प्रज्ञां च देवीं सुभगे बिभर्षि ॥ ३.१८९.२३ ॥
No one is equal to you; you shine exceedingly, like the goddess Śrī. Your form is divine and of endless radiance, and O fortunate one, you bear the goddess Prajñā.
3.189.24
श्रेष्ठानि यानि द्विपदांवरिष्ठ ।
यज्ञेषु विद्वन्नुपपादयन्ति।
तैरेव चाहं संप्रवृद्धा भवामि ।
चाप्यायिता रूपवती च विप्र ॥ ३.१८९.२४ ॥
O best of twice-born men, by the finest things that learned men offer in sacrifices, I grow greatly; nourished by these I become beautiful in form, O brahmin.
3.189.25
यच्चापि पात्रमुपयुज्यते ह ।
वानस्पत्यमायसं पार्थिवं वा।
दिव्येन रूपेण प्रज्ञया च ।
तेनैव सिद्धिरिति विद्धि विद्वन् ॥ ३.१८९.२५ ॥
Whatever vessel is used, whether made of wood, iron, or earth, let it be of divine form and wisdom; know that success comes by that alone, O learned one.
3.189.26
परं पुराणं तमहं न वेद्मि ॥ ३.१८९.२६ ॥
That supreme ancient one, I do not know.
3.189.27
तं वै परं वेदविदः प्रपन्नाः ।
परं परेभ्यः प्रथितं पुराणम्।
स्वाध्यायदानव्रतपुण्ययोगै-
स्तपोधना वीतशोका विमुक्ताः ॥ ३.१८९.२७ ॥
Those who know the Veda have taken refuge in that supreme one, the ancient, renowned as supreme above the supreme; through self-study, giving, vows and the union of merit, the wealthy-in-austerity, free from grief, became liberated.
3.189.28
तस्याथ मध्ये वेतसः पुण्यगन्धः ।
सहस्रशाखो विपुलो विभाति।
तस्य मूलात्सरितः प्रस्रवन्ति ।
मधूदकप्रस्रवणाः सुपुण्याः ॥ ३.१८९.२८ ॥
In its midst shines a vast willow tree of sacred fragrance, a thousand-branched; from its root flow the rivers, springs of sweet water, most sacred.
3.189.29
शाखांशाखां महानद्यः संयान्ति सिकताशयाः ।
धानापूपा मांसशाकाः सदापायसकर्दमाः ॥ ३.१८९.२९ ॥
Branch after branch, great rivers flow over sandy beds; parched grains and cakes, meat and vegetables, always with mud of milk-rice.
3.189.30
यस्मिन्नग्निमुखा देवाः सेन्द्राः सहमरुद्गणाः ।
ईजिरे क्रतुभिः श्रेष्ठैस्तत्पदं परमं मुने ॥ ३.१८९.३० ॥
Where the gods with Agni as their mouth, together with Indra and the hosts of Maruts, were worshipped with excellent sacrifices, that, O sage, is the supreme abode.