Mahābhārata · Adhyāya 3.215
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3.215.1
एवमुक्तः स विप्रस्तु धर्मव्याधेन भारत ।
कथामकथयद्भूयो मनसः प्रीतिवर्धनीम् ॥ ३.२१५.१ ॥
Thus addressed, the brahmin, O Bhārata, was told by the hunter Dharma another tale that increased his delight.
3.215.2
महाभूतानि यान्याहुः पञ्च धर्मविदांवर ।
एकैकस्य गुणान्सम्यक्पञ्चानामपि मे वद ॥ ३.२१५.२ ॥
O best of those who know dharma, tell me fully the qualities of each of the five great elements that are called the five great elements.
3.215.3
भूमिरापस्तथा ज्योतिर्वायुराकाशमेव च ।
गुणोत्तराणइ सर्वाणि तेषां वक्ष्यामि ते गुणान् ॥ ३.२१५.३ ॥
Earth, water, fire, air and space — all of these, each with more qualities than the one before, I will tell you their qualities.
3.215.4
भूमिः पञ्चगुणा ब्रह्मननुदकं च चतुर्गुणम् ।
गुणास्त्रयस्तेजसि च त्रयश्चाकाशवातयोः ॥ ३.२१५.४ ॥
O brahmin, earth has five qualities, water four; fire has three qualities, and space and air three each.
3.215.5
शब्दः स्पर्शश्च रूपं च रसो गन्धश्च पञ्चमः ।
एतेगुणाः पञ्च भूमेः सर्वेभ्यो गुणवत्तराः ॥ ३.२१५.५ ॥
Sound, touch, form, taste and, fifth, smell — these are the five qualities of earth, which are richer in qualities than all the rest.
3.215.6
शब्दः स्पर्शश्च रूपं च सरश्चापि द्विजोत्तम ।
अपामेते गुणा ब्रह्मन्कीर्तितास्तव सुव्रत ॥ ३.२१५.६ ॥
Sound, touch, form and taste as well — O best of the twice-born, O brahmin of good vows, these are the qualities of water that have been declared to you.
3.215.7
शब्दः स्पर्शश्च रूपं च तेजसोऽथ गुणास्त्रयः ।
शब्दः स्पर्शश्च वायौ तु शब्दश्चाकाश एव तु ॥ ३.२१५.७ ॥
Sound, touch and form are the three qualities of fire. In air there are sound and touch, and in space indeed there is only sound.
3.215.8
एते पञ्चदश ब्रह्मन्गुणा भूतेषु पञ्चसु ।
वर्तन्ते सर्वभूतेषु येषु लोकाः प्रतिष्ठिताः ॥ ३.२१५.८ ॥
O brahmin, these fifteen qualities exist in the five elements. They are present in all beings, and upon them the worlds are established.
3.215.9
अन्योन्यं नातिवर्तन्ते सम्यक्व भवति द्विज ।
यदा तु विषमं भावमाचरन्ति चराचराः ॥ ३.२१५.९ ॥
O twice-born, when they do not transgress one another, all is properly so. But when moving and unmoving beings enter an unequal condition,
3.215.10
तदा देही देहमन्यं व्यतिरोहति कालतः ।
प्रातिलोम्याद्विनश्यन्ति जायन्ते चानुपूर्वशः ॥ ३.२१५.१० ॥
Then the embodied one passes in time into another body. Through reversal beings perish, and in due order they are born again.
3.215.11
तत्र तत्रहि दृश्यन्ते धातवः पाञ्चभौतिकाः ।
यैरावृतमिदं सर्वं जगत्स्थावरजङ्गमम् ॥ ३.२१५.११ ॥
Here and there the constituents made of the five elements are seen, by which this whole world, the unmoving and the moving, is enveloped.
3.215.12
इन्द्रियैर्गृह्यते यद्यत्तत्तद्व्यक्तमिति स्मृतम् ।
तदव्यक्तमिति ज्ञेयं लिङ्गग्राह्यमतीन्द्रियम् ॥ ३.२१५.१२ ॥
Whatever is grasped by the senses is called the manifest. That is to be known as the unmanifest, which is grasped by inference and is beyond the senses.
3.215.13
यथास्वं ग्राहकान्येषां शब्दादीनामिमानि तु ।
इन्द्रियाणि तथा देही धारयन्निह तप्यते ॥ ३.२१५.१३ ॥
As these senses each grasp their own objects, such as sound and the rest, so the embodied being, holding them here, undergoes austerity.
3.215.14
लोके विततमात्मानं लोकं चात्मनि पश्यति ।
परापरज्ञः सक्तः सन्स तु भूतानि पश्यति ॥ ३.२१५.१४ ॥
He sees the self pervading the world and the world within the self; knower of the higher and the lower, devoted to it, he indeed sees all beings.
3.215.15
पश्यतः सर्वभूतानि सर्वावस्थासु सर्वदा ।
ब्रह्मभूतस् संयोगो नाशुभेनोपपद्यते ॥ ३.२१५.१५ ॥
For one who always sees all beings in every condition, having become Brahman, union does not come about through what is inauspicious.
3.215.16
ज्ञानमूलात्मकं क्लेशमतिवृत्तस्य मोहजम् ।
लोकबुद्धिप्रकाशेन ज्ञेयमार्गेण गम्यते ॥ ३.२१५.१६ ॥
For one whose nature is rooted in knowledge, who has passed beyond the affliction born of delusion, it is reached by the path of the knowable, through the light of worldly understanding.
3.215.17
अनादिनिधनं जन्तुमात्मयोनिं सदाव्ययम् ।
अनौपम्यममूर्तं च भगवानाह बुद्धिमान् ॥ ३.२१५.१७ ॥
That which is without beginning or end, the source of living beings, self-born, ever imperishable, incomparable and formless — the wise Lord has declared it.
3.215.18
तपोमूलमिदं सर्वं यन्मां विप्रानुपृच्छसि ।
तपसा हि समाप्नोति यद्यदेवाभिवाञ्छति।
इन्द्रियाण्येव संयम्य तपो भवति नान्यथा ॥ ३.२१५.१८ ॥
All this, about which you ask me and the Brahmins, is rooted in austerity. By austerity one attains whatever one desires. Austerity comes about only by restraining the senses, and not otherwise.
3.215.19
इन्द्रियाण्येव तत्सर्वंयत्स्वर्गनरकावुभौ ।
निगृहीतविसृष्टानि स्वर्गाय नरकाय च ॥ ३.२१५.१९ ॥
The senses themselves are all of this: they bring about both heaven and hell. When restrained they lead to heaven; when let loose, to hell.
3.215.20
एष योगविधिः कृत्स्नो यावदिन्द्रियधारणम् ।
एतन्मूलं हि तपसः स्वर्गस्य नरकस्य च ॥ ३.२१५.२० ॥
This is the complete method of yoga, as far as the holding of the senses. This is indeed the root of asceticism, of heaven and of hell.
3.215.21
इन्द्रियाणां प्रसङ्गेन दोमार्च्छत्यसंशयम् ।
सन्नियम्य तु तान्येव ततः सिद्धिं समाप्नुयात् ॥ ३.२१५.२१ ॥
Through indulgence in the senses one undoubtedly incurs fault; but having fully restrained those very senses, one then attains perfection.
3.215.22
षण्णामात्प्रनि योज्यानामैश्वर्यं योऽधितिष्ठति ।
न स पापैः कुतोऽनर्थैर्युज्यते विजितेन्द्रियः ॥ ३.२१५.२२ ॥
He who presides over the lordship of the six, yoked to the self, the one who has conquered the senses — how could such a man be joined to sins and misfortunes?
3.215.23
रथः शरीरं पुरुषस्य दृष्ट-
मात्मा नियन्तेन्द्रियाण्याहुरश्वान्।
तैरप्रमत्तः कुशली सदश्वै-
र्दान्त सुखं याति रथीव धीरः ॥ ३.२१५.२३ ॥
The body is said to be the chariot of a person, the self its charioteer, and the senses its horses. Vigilant and skilled, the steady man, like a charioteer, goes on happily, having tamed the good horses with them.
3.215.24
षण्णामात्मनियुक्तानामिन्द्रियाणां प्रमाथिनाम् ।
यो धीरो धारयेद्रश्मीन्स स्यात्परमसारथिः ॥ ३.२१५.२४ ॥
He who, steady, holds the reins of the six unruly senses yoked to the self, would be the supreme charioteer.
3.215.25
इन्द्रियाणां प्रसृष्टानां हयानामिव वर्त्मसु ।
धृतिं कुर्वीत सारथ्ये धृत्या तानि जयेद्ध्रुवम् ॥ ३.२१५.२५ ॥
As with horses let loose on the paths, so one should hold steadiness over the senses that have been released; by steadiness they are surely conquered.
3.215.26
इन्द्रियाणां विचरतां यन्मनोऽनुविधीयते ।
तदस् हरते बुद्धिं नावं वायुरिवाम्भसि ॥ ३.२१५.२६ ॥
When the senses wander, whatever the mind follows, that carries off his understanding, as the wind carries a boat upon the water.
3.215.27
येषु विप्रतिपद्यन्ते षट्स्वमोहात्फलागमम् ।
तेष्वध्यवसिताध्यायी विन्दते ध्यानजं फलम् ॥ ३.२१५.२७ ॥
In those six in which, through ignorance, men go astray regarding the arrival of fruit, one who studies them with resolute purpose obtains the fruit born of meditation.