Mahābhārata · Adhyāya 3.310
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3.310.1
एतस्मिन्नेव काले तु धृतराष्ट्रस्य वै सखा ।
सूतोऽधिरथ इत्येव सदारो जाह्नवीं ययौ ॥ ३.३१०.१ ॥
At that very time, Adhiratha, a charioteer and friend of Dhṛtarāṣṭra, went with his wife to the Ganges.
3.310.2
तस्य भार्याऽभवद्राजन्रूपेणासदृशी भुवि ।
राधा नाम महाभागा न सा पुत्रमविन्दत।
अपत्यार्थे परं यत्नमकरोच्च विशेषतः ॥ ३.३१०.२ ॥
O king, his wife was unequalled in beauty on earth. The greatly fortunate one named Rādhā did not obtain a son, and so she made great effort, especially for the sake of offspring.
3.310.3
सा ददर्शाथ मञ्जूषामुह्यमानां यदृच्छया ।
दत्तरक्षाप्रतिसरामन्वालम्भनशोभनाम् ॥ ३.३१०.३ ॥
Then she saw, carried along by chance, a casket tied with a protective thread and made beautiful by its handle-cords.
3.310.4
ऊर्मीतरङ्गैर्जाह्नव्याः समानीतामुपह्वरम् ।
विवर्तमानां बहुशः पुनःपुनरितस्ततः ॥ ३.३१०.४ ॥
That casket, brought toward the bank by the waves and billows of the Ganges, kept turning this way and that, again and again.
3.310.5
ततः सा वायुना राजन्स्रोतसा च बलीयसा ।
उपानीतो यतः सूतः सभार्यो जलमाश्रितः ॥ ३.३१०.५ ॥
Then, O king, by the wind and the mighty current, it was brought to where the charioteer stood with his wife, resting by the water.
3.310.6
सा तु कौतूहलात्प्राप्तां ग्राहयामास भामिनी ।
ततो निवेदयामास सूतस्याधिरथस्य वै ॥ ३.३१०.६ ॥
Out of curiosity, the lovely woman had the casket that had come to her caught, and then she told the charioteer Adhiratha.
3.310.7
स तामुद्धृत्य मञ्जूषामुत्सार्य जलमन्तिकात् ।
यन्त्रैरुद्घाटयामास सोऽपश्यत्तत्रबालकम् ॥ ३.३१०.७ ॥
He lifted that chest, moved it away from the nearby water, and had it opened with tools; there he saw a child.
3.310.8
मृष्टकुण्डलयुक्तेन वदनेन विराजितम् ।
परिम्लानमुखं बालं रुदन्तं क्षुधितं भृशम् ॥ ३.३१०.८ ॥
That child, shining with a face adorned with polished earrings, had a withered face, was weeping, and was greatly hungry.
3.310.9
स तु तं परया लक्ष्म्या दृष्ट्वा युक्तं वरात्मजम् ।
स सूतो भार्यया सार्धं विस्मयोत्फुल्ललोचनः।
अङ्कमारोप्य तं बालं भार्यां वचनमब्रवीत् ॥ ३.३१०.९ ॥
Seeing that excellent son endowed with supreme splendour, the charioteer, his eyes wide open with wonder, placed the child on his lap and spoke these words to his wife.
3.310.10
इदमत्यद्भुतं भीरु यतो जातोस्मि भामिनि ।
दृष्टवान्देवगर्भोऽयं मन्येऽस्माकमुपागतः ॥ ३.३१०.१० ॥
This is most wondrous, timid one, for I was born, O lady; I think this divine-born child has come to us.
3.310.11
अनपत्यस्य पुत्रोऽयं देवैर्दत्तो ध्रुवं मम ।
इत्युक्त्वा तं ददौ पुत्रं राधायै स महीपते ॥ ३.३१०.११ ॥
Saying, 'Surely the gods have given this son to me, who am childless,' he then gave that son to Rādhā, O lord of the earth.
3.310.12
रप्रतिजग्राह तं राधा विधिवद्दिव्यरूपिणम् ।
पुत्रं कमलगर्भाभं देवगर्भं श्रिया वृतम् ॥ ३.३१०.१२ ॥
Rādhā duly received that divine-formed son, bright as the lotus-womb, born of the gods, enveloped in splendour.
3.310.13
स्तन्यं समस्रवच्चास्य दैवादित्थ निश्चयः ।
पुपोष चैनं विधिवद्ववृधे स च वीर्यवान्।
ततः प्रभृति चाप्यन्ये प्राभवन्नौरसाः सुताः ॥ ३.३१०.१३ ॥
By divine ordinance milk flowed from her breasts for him; such was the resolve. They nurtured him according to rite, and that vigorous boy grew. From then on, other sons of her own body were also born.
3.310.14
नामकर्म च चक्रुस्ते कुण्डले तस् दृश्यते ।
कर्ण इत्येव तं बालं दृष्ट्वा कर्णं सकुण्डलम् ॥ ३.३१०.१४ ॥
They performed the naming rite. His earrings were visible; seeing the child with earrings at his ears, they named him Karṇa.
3.310.15
वसुवर्मधरं दृष्ट्वा तं बालं हेमकुण्डलम् ।
नामास्य वसुषेणेति ततश्चक्रुर्द्विजातयः ॥ ३.३१०.१५ ॥
Seeing the child wearing golden armour and golden earrings, the twice-born named him Vasuṣeṇa.
3.310.16
एवं स सूतपुत्रत्वं जगामामितविक्रमः ।
वसुषेण इतिख्यातो वृष इत्येव च प्रभुः ॥ ३.३१०.१६ ॥
Thus that immeasurably mighty one came to be known as a charioteer's son. Renowned as Vasuṣeṇa, and also called Vṛṣa, he became a powerful man.
3.310.17
सूतस्य ववृधेऽङ्गेषु ज्येष्ठः पुत्रः स वीर्यवान् ।
चारेण विदितश्चासीत्पृथया दिव्यवर्मभृत् ॥ ३.३१०.१७ ॥
That mighty eldest son of the charioteer grew up in the land of Aṅga. Through spies Pṛthā (Kuntī) came to know that he bore divine armour.
3.310.18
सूतस्त्वधिरथः पुत्रं विवृद्धं समयेन तम् ।
दृष्ट्वा प्रस्थापयामास पुरं वारणसाह्वयम् ॥ ३.३१०.१८ ॥
But the charioteer Adhiratha, seeing his son grown in due time, sent him forth to the city called Vāraṇasāhvaya.
3.310.19
तत्रोपसदनं चक्रे द्रोणस्येष्वस्त्रकर्मणि ।
सख्यं दुर्योधनेनैवमगमत्स च वीर्यवान् ॥ ३.३१०.१९ ॥
There he attended upon Droṇa in the art of arrows and weapons, and thus the mighty one formed a friendship with Duryodhana.
3.310.20
द्रोणात्कृपाच्च रामाच्च सोऽस्त्रग्रामं चतुर्विधम् ।
लब्ध्वा लोकेऽभवत्ख्यातः परमेष्वासतां गतः ॥ ३.३१०.२० ॥
Having obtained from Droṇa, Kṛpa and Rāma the fourfold host of weapon-lore, he became famous in the world and attained the highest skill as an archer.
3.310.21
संधाय धार्तराष्ट्रेण पार्थानां विप्रिये रतः ।
योद्धुमाशंसते नित्यं फल्गुनेन महात्मना ॥ ३.३१०.२१ ॥
Having made a pact with the son of Dhṛtarāṣṭra, intent on what is displeasing to the Pārthas, he always desires to fight the great-souled Phalguna (Arjuna).
3.310.22
सदा हि तस् स्पर्धाऽऽसीदर्जुनन विशांपते ।
अर्जुनस्य च कर्णेन यतो द्वन्द्वं बभूव ह ॥ ३.३१०.२२ ॥
O lord of men, there was always rivalry between him and Arjuna, and from this arose the duel between Arjuna and Karṇa.
3.310.23
एतद्गुह्यं महाराज सूर्यस्यासीन्न संशयः ।
यः सूर्यसंभवः कर्णः कुर्यात्प्रतिकुले रतः ॥ ३.३१०.२३ ॥
This is a secret, great king: there is no doubt that he was a son of the Sun; that Karṇa, born of the Sun, was intent on acts hostile to his own kin.
3.310.24
तं तु कुण्डलिनं दृष्ट्वा वर्मणा च समन्वितम् ।
अवध्यं समरे मत्वा पर्यतप्यद्युधिष्ठिरः ॥ ३.३१०.२४ ॥
Seeing him wearing earrings and endowed with armor, and deeming him invincible in battle, Yudhiṣṭhira was greatly distressed.
3.310.25
यदा च कर्णो राजेन्द्र भानुमन्तं दिवाकरम् ।
स्तौति मध्यंदिने प्राप्ते प्राञ्जलिः सलिलोत्थितः ॥ ३.३१०.२५ ॥
O lord of kings, when midday arrives, Karṇa, standing up out of the water with palms joined, praises the radiant sun, the maker of day.
3.310.26
तत्रैनमुपतिष्ठन्ति ब्राह्मणा धनहेतुना ।
नादेयं तस्य तत्काले किंचिदस्ति द्विजातिषु ॥ ३.३१०.२६ ॥
There, brahmins approach him for the sake of wealth; at that moment there is nothing that he would not give to the twice-born.
3.310.27
तमिन्द्रो ब्राह्मणो भूत्वा भिक्षां देहीत्युपस्थितः ।
स्वागतं चेति राधेयस्तमथ प्रत्यभाषत ॥ ३.३१०.२७ ॥
Indra, taking the form of a brahmin, came before him, saying, "Give alms." Then Karṇa, son of Rādhā, replied to him, "Welcome."