Mahābhārata · Adhyāya 1.1
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1.1.1
नारायणं नमस्कृत्य नरं चैव नरोत्तमम् ।
देवीं सरस्वतीं चैव ततो जयमुदीरयेत् ॥ १.१.१ ॥
Having paid homage to Nārāyaṇa, and to Nara, the best of men, and to the goddess Sarasvatī, one should then proclaim 'Jaya'.
1.1.2
नारायणं सुरगुरुं जगदेकनाथं ।
भक्तप्रियं सकललोकनमस्कृतं च।
त्रैगुण्यवर्जितमजं विभुमाद्यमीशं ।
वन्दे भवघ्नममरासुरसिद्धवन्द्यम् ॥ १.१.२ ॥
I salute Nārāyaṇa, teacher of the gods, sole lord of the world, dear to his devotees, revered by all worlds, free from the three qualities, unborn, all-pervading, the primordial Lord, destroyer of worldly bondage, worshipped by gods, demons and perfected beings.
1.1.3
नमो धर्माय महते नमः कृष्णाय वेधसे ।
ब्राह्मणेभ्यो नमस्कृत्य धर्मान्वक्ष्यामि शाश्वतान् ॥ १.१.३ ॥
Homage to great Dharma; homage to Kṛṣṇa, the creator. Having bowed to the brahmins, I shall speak of the eternal duties.
1.1.4
ॐ नमो भगवते वासुदेवाय ।
ॐ नमः पितामहाय। ॐ नमः प्रजापतिभ्यः।
ॐ नमः कृष्णद्वैपायनाय ।
ॐ नमः सर्वविघ्नविनायकेभ्यः ॥ १.१.४ ॥
Om, homage to the Blessed Vāsudeva. Om, homage to the Grandfather. Om, homage to the Lords of Creatures. Om, homage to Kṛṣṇa Dvaipāyana. Om, homage to the Vināyakas who remove all obstacles.
1.1.5
रोमहर्षणपुत्र उग्रश्रवाः सौतिः पौराणिको ।
नैमिशारण्ये शौनकस्य कुलपतेर्द्वादशवार्षिके सत्रे ॥ १.१.५ ॥
Ugraśravas, son of Romaharṣaṇa, the bard Sauti, reciter of the Purāṇas, in the Naimiṣa forest, at the twelve-year sacrificial session of the clan-chief Śaunaka.
1.1.6
सुखासीनानभ्यगच्छद्ब्रह्मर्षीन्संशितव्रतान् ।
विनयावनतो भूत्वा कदाचित्सूतनन्दनः ॥ १.१.६ ॥
Once the son of the charioteer, bowed in humility, approached the brahmin sages seated at ease, sharp in their vows.
1.1.7
तमाश्रममनुप्राप्य नैमिशारण्यवासिनः ।
उवाच तानृषीन्सर्वान्धन्यो वोऽस्म्यद्यदर्शनात् ॥ १.१.७ ॥
Having arrived at that hermitage, he said to all those sages dwelling in the Naimiṣa forest, "Today, by seeing you, I am blessed."
1.1.8
वेद वैयासिकीः सर्वाः कथा धर्मार्यैसंहिताः ।
वक्ष्यामि वो द्विजश्रेष्ठाः शृण्वन्त्वद्य तपोधनाः ॥ १.१.८ ॥
I know all the tales composed by Vyāsa, containing dharma and wealth-lore. Best of the twice-born, rich in asceticism, I shall tell them to you; today, let you listen.
1.1.9
तस्य तद्वचनं श्रुत्वा नैमिशारण्यवासिनः ।
चित्रा श्रोतुं कथास्तत्र परिव्रुस्तपस्विनः ॥ १.१.९ ॥
Having heard his words, the ascetics dwelling in the Naimiṣa forest gathered around there to hear the wondrous tales.
1.1.10
अभिवाद्य मुनींस्तांस्तु सर्वानेव कुताञ्जलिः ।
अपृच्छत्स तपोवृद्धिं सद्भिश्चैवाभिपूजितः ॥ १.१.१० ॥
Having greeted all those sages respectfully, with folded palms, honored by the good, he asked them about the growth of their asceticism.
1.1.11
अथ तेषूपविष्टेषु सर्वेष्वेव तपस्विषु ।
निर्दिष्टमासनं भेजे विनयाद्रौमहर्षणिः ॥ १.१.११ ॥
Then, when all those ascetics had sat down, the son of Romaharṣaṇa, out of humility, took the seat assigned to him.
1.1.12
सुखासीनं ततस्तं तु विश्रान्तमुपलक्ष्य च ।
अथापृच्छदृषिस्तत्र कश्चित्प्रस्तावयन्कथाः ॥ १.१.१२ ॥
Seeing him comfortably seated and rested, some sage there, introducing the tales, asked him.
1.1.13
कुत आगम्यते सौते क्वचायं विहृतस्त्वया ।
कालः कमलपत्राक्ष शंसैतत्पृच्छतो मम ॥ १.१.१३ ॥
Sauti, where have you come from, and where did you spend this time? O lotus-eyed one, tell me this, as I ask.
1.1.14
एवं पृष्टोऽब्रवीत्सम्यग्यथावद्रौमहर्षणिः ।
वाक्यं वचनसंपन्नस्तेषां च चरिताश्रयम् ॥ १.१.१४ ॥
Thus asked, Sauti, son of Romaharṣaṇa, skilled in speech, rightly and as it truly was, began to speak the words concerning their deeds.
1.1.15
तस्मिन्सदसि विस्तीर्णे मुनीनां भावितात्मनाम् ।
जनमेजयस्य राजर्षेः सर्पसत्रे महात्मनः ॥ १.१.१५ ॥
In that vast assembly of sages of purified soul, at the snake sacrifice of the royal sage, the great-souled Janamejaya.
1.1.16
समीपे पार्थिवेन्द्रस्य सम्यक्पारिक्षितस्य च ।
कृष्णद्वैपायनप्रोक्ताः सुपुण्या विविधाः कथाः ॥ १.१.१६ ॥
Near the lord of kings, Parikṣit's son, rightly told by Kṛṣṇa Dvaipāyana, the very holy and various tales.
1.1.17
कथिताश्चापि विधिवद्या वैशंपायनेन वै ।
श्रुत्वाऽहं ता विचित्रार्था महाभारतसंश्रिताः ॥ १.१.१७ ॥
And the tales that Vaiśampāyana rightly told, of wondrous meaning and belonging to the Mahābhārata, I heard them.
1.1.18
बहूनि संपरिक्रम्य तीर्थान्यायतनानि च ।
समन्तपञ्चकं नाम पुण्यं द्विजनिषेवितम् ॥ १.१.१८ ॥
Having circumambulated many holy fords and sanctuaries, the sacred place called Samantapañcaka, frequented by the twice-born.
1.1.19
गतवानस्मि तं देशं युद्धं यत्राभवत्पुरा ।
कुरूणां पाण्डवानां च सर्वेषां च महीक्षिताम् ॥ १.१.१९ ॥
I went to that country where the battle once took place between the Kurus, the Pāṇḍavas, and all the kings.
1.1.20
दिदृक्षुंरागतस्तस्मात्समीपं भावतामिह ।
आयुष्मन्तः सर्व एव ब्रह्मभाता हि मे मताः
अस्मिन्यज्ञे महाभङ्गाः सूर्यपावकवर्चसः ॥ १.१.२० ॥
Desiring to see you, I have come here from there to your presence. All of you are long-lived; I hold you as brothers in Brahman. In this sacrifice you are greatly fortunate, radiant like the sun and fire.
1.1.21
कृताभिषेकाः शुचयः कृतजप्या हुताग्नयः ।
भवन्त आसते स्वस्था ब्रवीमि किमहं द्विजाः ॥ १.१.२१ ॥
Having bathed, purified yourselves, performed recitation, and offered oblations into the fires, you sit at ease. O twice-born ones, what shall I say?
1.1.22
पुराणसंहिताः पुण्याः कथा धर्मार्थसंश्रिताः ।
इतिवृत्तं नरेन्द्राणामृषीणां च महात्मनाम् ॥ १.१.२२ ॥
The sacred Purāṇa compilations, meritorious tales resting on dharma and wealth, the history of kings and of the great-souled sages.
1.1.23
द्वैपायनेन यत्प्रोक्तं पुराणं परमर्षिणा ।
सुरैर्ब्रह्मर्षिभिश्चैव श्रुत्वा यदभिपूजितम् ॥ १.१.२३ ॥
The Purāṇa recited by Dvaipāyana, the supreme sage, which the gods and brahmin sages heard and honored.
1.1.24
तस्याख्यानवरिष्ठस्य विचित्रपदपर्वणः ।
सूक्ष्मार्थन्याययुक्तस्य वेदार्थैर्भूषितस्य च ॥ १.१.२४ ॥
Of that most excellent narrative, with its intricate words and sections, endowed with subtle meaning and reasoning, and adorned with the meanings of the Vedas.
1.1.25
भारतस्येतिहासस्य पुण्यां ग्रन्थार्थसंयुताम् ।
संस्कारोपगतां ब्राह्मीं नानाशास्त्रोपबृंहिताम् ॥ १.१.२५ ॥
Of the sacred history of the Bhārata, endowed with the meaning of the text, refined, in the Brāhmī language, and enriched by many treatises.
1.1.26
जनमेजयस्य यां राज्ञो वैशंपायन उक्तवान् ।
यथावत्स ऋषिः पृष्टः सत्रे द्वैपायनाज्ञया ॥ १.१.२६ ॥
Which Vaiśampāyana recited to King Janamejaya, when that sage was duly asked at the sacrificial session by the command of Dvaipāyana.
1.1.27
वेदैश्चतुर्भिः सयुक्तां व्यासस्याद्भुतकर्मणः ।
संहितां श्रोतुमिच्छामः पुण्यां पापभयापहाम् ॥ १.१.२७ ॥
We wish to hear the sacred compilation of Vyāsa of wondrous deeds, joined with the four Vedas, which removes the fear of sin.
1.1.28
आद्यं पुरुषमीशानं पुरुहूतं पुरुष्टुतम् ।
ऋतमेकाक्षरं ब्रह्म व्यक्ताव्यक्तं सनातनम् ॥ १.१.२८ ॥
The primordial Person, the Lord, invoked by many and praised by many, Ṛta, the single-syllable Brahman, manifest and unmanifest, the eternal one.
1.1.29
असच्च सच्चैव च यद्विश्वं सदसतः परम् ।
परावराणां स्रष्टारं पुराणं परमव्ययम् ॥ १.१.२९ ॥
Who is non-being and being, the universe itself, beyond being and non-being; the creator of the high and the low; the ancient, supreme, imperishable one.
1.1.30
मङ्गल्यं मङ्गलं विष्णुं वरेण्यमनघं शुचिम् ।
नमस्कृत्य हृषीकेशं चराचरगुरुं हरिम् ॥ १.१.३० ॥
Having bowed to Hṛṣīkeśa, Hari, the auspicious, the blessing, Viṣṇu, the most excellent, stainless and pure, the teacher of all moving and unmoving beings.
1.1.31
महर्षेः पूजितस्येह सर्वलोकैर्महात्मनः ।
प्रवक्ष्यामि मतं पुण्यं व्यासस्याद्भुतकर्मणः ॥ १.१.३१ ॥
I shall recite the sacred doctrine of Vyāsa, that great sage honoured here by all the worlds, the great-souled one of wondrous deeds.
1.1.32
नमो भगवते तस्मै व्यासायामिततेजसे ।
यस्य प्रसादाद्वक्ष्यामि नारायणकथामिमाम् ॥ १.१.३२ ॥
Homage to that blessed Vyāsa of boundless splendour, by whose grace I shall recite this story of Nārāyaṇa.
1.1.33
सर्वाश्रमाभिशमनं सर्वतीर्थावगाहनम् ।
न तथा फलद सूते नारायणकथा यथा ॥ १.१.३३ ॥
Calming all hermitages and bathing in all sacred fords do not bring the fruit that the story of Nārāyaṇa brings.
1.1.34
नास्ति नारायणसमं न भूतं न भविष्यति ।
एतेन सत्यवाक्येन सर्वार्थान्साधयाम्यहम् ॥ १.१.३४ ॥
There is none equal to Nārāyaṇa, none has been, none will be. By this true word I accomplish all aims.
1.1.35
आचख्युः कवयः केचित्संप्रत्याचक्षते परे ।
आख्यास्यन्ति तथैवान्य इतिहासमिमं भुवि ॥ १.१.३५ ॥
Some poets have recounted this history; others recount it now; and still others will recount this history on earth.
1.1.36
इदं तु त्रिषु लोकेषु महज्ज्ञानं प्रतिष्ठितम् ।
विस्तरैश्च समासैश्च धार्यते यद्द्विजातिभिः ॥ १.१.३६ ॥
This great knowledge is established in the three worlds, and is retained by the twice-born, both in extended and in condensed form.
1.1.37
अलङ्कृतं शुभैः शब्दैः समयैर्दिव्यधनुषैः ।
छन्दोवृत्तैश्च विविधैरन्वितं विदुषांप्रियम् ॥ १.१.३७ ॥
Adorned with auspicious words, with fixed conventions, with divine-bow-like precision, and with various metres and verse forms, it is dear to the learned.
1.1.38
तपसा ब्रह्मचर्येण व्यस्य वेदं सनातनम् ।
इतिहासमिमं चक्रे पुण्यं सत्यवतीसुतः ॥ १.१.३८ ॥
Through austerity and celibate discipline, having divided the eternal Veda, the son of Satyavatī composed this sacred history.
1.1.39
पुण्ये हिमवतः पादे मेध्ये गिरिगुहालये ।
विशोध्य देहं धर्मात्मा दर्भसंस्तरमाश्रितः ॥ १.१.३९ ॥
At the sacred foot of the Himālaya, dwelling in a pure mountain cave, having purified his body, the righteous-souled one took his seat on a bed of darbha grass.
1.1.40
शुचिः सनियमो व्यासः शान्तात्मातपसि स्थितः ।
भारतस्येतिहासस्य धर्मेणान्वीक्ष्य तां गतिम् ॥ १.१.४० ॥
Pure, observing his restraints, Vyāsa, peaceful of soul, established in austerity, surveyed by means of dharma the course of the history of the Bhāratas.
1.1.41
प्रविश्य योगं ज्ञानेन सोऽपश्यत्सर्वमन्ततः ॥ १.१.४१ ॥
Having entered into yoga, he saw everything completely through knowledge.
1.1.42
निष्प्रभेऽस्मिन्निरालोके सर्वतस्तमसा वृते ।
बृहदण्डमभूदेकं प्रजानां बीजमव्ययम् ॥ १.१.४२ ॥
In this lightless, sightless world, enveloped on all sides by darkness, there came to be one great egg, the imperishable seed of created beings.
1.1.43
युगस्यादिनिमित्तं तन्महद्दिव्यं प्रचक्षत ।
व्यस्मिंस्तच्छ्रूयते सत्यंज्योतिर्ब्रह्म सनातनम् ॥ १.१.४३ ॥
That great divine egg is declared to be the cause of the beginning of the age. In it is heard: truth, light, eternal Brahman.
1.1.44
अद्भुतं चाप्यचिन्त्यं च सर्वत्र समतां मतम् ।
अव्यक्तं कारणं सूक्ष्मं यत्तत्सदसदात्मकम् ॥ १.१.४४ ॥
It is wondrous and inconceivable, held to be equal everywhere. It is the unmanifest, subtle cause, having the nature of both being and non-being.
1.1.45
यस्मिन्पितामहो जज्ञे प्रभुरेकः प्रजापतिः ।
ब्रह्मा सुरगुरुः स्थाणुर्मनुः कः परमेष्ठ्यथ ॥ १.१.४५ ॥
From which was born the grandfather, the one lord Prajāpati — Brahmā, teacher of the gods, Sthāṇu, Manu, Ka, and the supreme one.
1.1.46
प्राचेतसस्तथा दक्षो दक्षपुत्राश्च सप्तवै ।
ततः प्रजानां पतयः प्राभवन्नेकविंशतिः ॥ १.१.४६ ॥
Prācetas, Dakṣa, and the seven sons of Dakṣa — then arose the twenty-one lords of creatures.
1.1.47
पुरुषश्चाप्रमेयात्मा यं सर्वऋषयो विदु ।
विश्वेदेवास्तथाऽऽदित्या वसवोऽथाश्विनावपि ॥ १.१.४७ ॥
And Puruṣa of immeasurable self, whom all the seers know; the Viśvedevas, the Ādityas, the Vasus, and also the two Aśvins.
1.1.48
यक्षाः साध्याः पिशाचाश्च गुह्यकाः पितरस्तथा ।
ततः प्रसूता विद्वांसः शिष्टा ब्रह्मर्षिसत्तमाः ॥ १.१.४८ ॥
Yakṣas, Sādhyas, Piśācas, Guhyakas, and also the Fathers; then were born the learned, the excellent, the best of the brahmarṣis.
1.1.49
महर्षयश्च बहवः सर्वैः समुदिता गुणैः ।
आतो द्यौः पृथिवी वायुरन्तरिक्षं दिशस्तया ॥ १.१.४९ ॥
Many great seers, endowed with all virtues, and likewise heaven, earth, wind, the atmosphere, and the directions arose.
1.1.50
संवत्सरर्तवो मासाः पक्षाहोरात्रयः क्रमात् ।
यच्चान्यदपि तत्सर्वं संभूतं लोकसाक्षिकम् ॥ १.१.५० ॥
Years, seasons, months, fortnights, days and nights arose in order; and whatever else exists, all of it came into being, witnessed by the worlds.
1.1.51
यदिदं दृश्यते किंचिद्बूतं स्थावरजङ्गमम् ।
पुनःसंक्षिप्यते सर्वं जगत्प्राप्ते युगक्षये ॥ १.१.५१ ॥
Whatever beings are seen here, the immovable and the movable, all of them are again withdrawn, when the world reaches the end of an age.
1.1.52
यथर्तुष्वृतुलिङ्गानि नानारूपाणि पर्यये ।
दृश्यन्ते तानि तान्येव तथा भावा युगादिषु ॥ १.१.५२ ॥
Just as in the seasons the marks of each season appear in succession in various forms, so in the beginnings of the ages those same states of being appear again.
1.1.53
एवमेतदनाद्यन्तं भूतसंघातकारकम् ।
अनादिनिधनं लोके चक्रं संपरिवर्तते ॥ १.१.५३ ॥
Thus this wheel, without beginning or end, the cause of the assembly of beings, revolves in the world.
1.1.54
त्रयस्त्रिंशत्सहस्राणि त्रयस्त्रिंशच्छतानि च ।
त्रयस्त्रिंशच्च देवनां सृष्टिः संक्षेपलक्षणा ॥ १.१.५४ ॥
The creation of the gods, thirty-three thousand, three thousand three hundred and thirty-three, is described in brief.
1.1.55
दिवः पुत्रो बृहद्भानुश्चक्षुरात्मा विभावसुः ।
सविता स ऋचीकोऽर्को भानुराशावहो रविः ॥ १.१.५५ ॥
The sons of Heaven were Bṛhadbhānu, Cakṣus, Ātmā and Vibhāvasu; Savitṛ, he who is Ṛcīka, Arka, Bhānu, Āśāvaha and Ravi.
1.1.56
पुत्रा विवस्वतः सर्वे मनुस्तेषां तथाऽवरः ।
देवभ्राट् तनयस्तस्य सुभ्राडिति ततः स्मृतः ॥ १.१.५६ ॥
All the sons of Vivasvat were there, among them Manu and also the youngest; his son was Devabhrāṭ, and from him he came to be remembered as Subhrāṭ.
1.1.57
सुभ्राजस्तु त्रयः पुत्राः प्रजावन्तो बहुश्रुताः ।
दशज्योतिः शतज्योतिः सहस्रज्योतिरेव च ॥ १.१.५७ ॥
Subhrāj had three sons, who had offspring and were much learned: Daśajyoti, Śatajyoti and Sahasrajyoti.
1.1.58
दशपुत्रसहस्राणि दशज्योतेर्महात्मनः ।
ततो दशगुणाश्चान्ये शतज्योतेरिहात्मजाः ॥ १.१.५८ ॥
Mahātmā Daśajyoti had ten thousand sons; then Śatajyoti had other sons here, tenfold more than those.
1.1.59
भूयस्ततो दशगुणाः सहस्रज्योतिषः सुताः ।
तेभ्योऽयं कुरुवंशश्च यदूनां भरतस्य च ॥ १.१.५९ ॥
Then Sahasrajyoti had sons tenfold more again; from them arose this Kuru line, the line of the Yadus, and the line of Bharata.
1.1.60
ययातीक्ष्वाकृवंशश्च राजर्षीणां च सर्वशः ।
संभूता बहवो वंशा भूतसर्गाः सुविस्तराः ॥ १.१.६० ॥
The lines of Yayāti and Ikṣvāku arose, and many lines of royal sages in every way; these creations of beings are widely extended.
1.1.61
भूतस्थानानि सर्वाणि रहस्यं त्रिविधं च यत् ।
वेदा योगः सविज्ञानो धर्मोऽर्थः काम एव च ॥ १.१.६१ ॥
All the places of beings, and the threefold secret; the Vedas, yoga, dharma together with knowledge, wealth, and desire as well.
1.1.62
धर्मार्थकामयुक्तानि शास्त्राणि विविधानि च ।
लोकयात्राविधान च सर्व तद्दृष्टवानृषिः ॥ १.१.६२ ॥
The many treatises joined with dharma, wealth and desire, and all the rules for conducting life in the world—the sage beheld all of it.
1.1.63
नीतिर्भरतवंशस्य विस्तारश्चैव सर्वशः ।
इतिहासाः सहव्याख्या विविधाश्रुतयोऽपि च ॥ १.१.६३ ॥
The statecraft of the Bharata lineage and its expansion in every respect; histories with their explanations, and the various revealed traditions as well.
1.1.64
इह सर्वमनुक्रान्तमुक्तं ग्रन्थस्य लक्षणम् ।
संक्षेपेणेतिहासस्य ततो वक्ष्यति विस्तरम् ॥ १.१.६४ ॥
Here all of the work has been summarized in brief; this is the outline of the book. The full extent of the history he will tell afterwards.
1.1.65
विस्तीर्यैतन्महज्ज्ञानमृषिः संक्षिप्य चाब्रवीत् ।
इष्टं हि विदुषां लोके समासव्यासधारणम् ॥ १.१.६५ ॥
Having expanded this great knowledge, the sage also spoke it in brief, for in the world the learned prize retaining both the summary and the detailed account.
1.1.66
मन्वादि भारतं केचिदास्तीकादि तथाऽपरे ।
तथोपरिचराद्यन्ये विप्राः सम्यगधीयिरे ॥ १.१.६६ ॥
Some brahmins study the Bhārata beginning with Manu, others the one beginning with Āstīka, and others again the one beginning with Uparicara, reciting it properly.
1.1.67
विविधं संहिताज्ञानं दीपयन्ति मनीषिणः ।
व्याख्यातुं कुशलाः केचिद्ग्रन्थान्धारयितुं परे ॥ १.१.६७ ॥
The wise illuminate the varied knowledge of the saṃhitās; some are skilled in explaining, others in holding the texts in memory.
1.1.68
तपसा ब्रह्मचर्येण व्यस्य वेदं सनातनम् ।
इतिहासमिमं चक्रे पुण्यं सत्यवतीत्सुतः ॥ १.१.६८ ॥
Through austerity and celibate discipline, the son of Satyavatī divided the eternal Veda and composed this sacred history.
1.1.69
पराशरात्मजो विद्वान्ब्रह्मर्षिः संशितव्रतः ।
मातुर्नियोगाद्धर्मात्मा गाङ्गेयस्य च धीमतः ॥ १.१.६९ ॥
The learned Brahmarṣi, son of Parāśara, of firm vows and righteous soul, did this at his mother's command and at the bidding of the wise Gāṅgeya (Bhīṣma).
1.1.70
क्षेत्रे विचित्रवीर्यस्य कृष्णद्वैपायनः पुरा ।
त्रीनग्नीनिव कौरव्याञ्जनयामास वीर्यवान् ॥ १.१.७० ॥
Long ago, in the field of Vicitravīrya, the mighty Kṛṣṇa Dvaipāyana begot the Kaurava descendants, like three fires.
1.1.71
उत्पाद्य धृतराष्ट्रं च पाण्डुं विदुरमेव च ।
जगाम तपसे धीमान्पुनरेवाश्रमं प्रति ॥ १.१.७१ ॥
Having begotten Dhṛtarāṣṭra, Pāṇḍu and Vidura, the wise one departed again to his hermitage for austerities.
1.1.72
तेषु जातेषु वृद्धेषु गतेषु परमां गतिम् ।
अब्रवीद्भारतं लोके मानुषेऽस्मिन्महानृषिः ॥ १.१.७२ ॥
When they had been born, had grown old, and had gone to the supreme state, the great sage recited the Bhārata in this human world.
1.1.73
जनमेजयेन पृष्टः सन्ब्राह्मणैश्च सहस्रशः ।
शशास शिष्यमासीनं वैशंपायनमन्तिके ॥ १.१.७३ ॥
Questioned by Janamejaya and by thousands of brahmins, he instructed his disciple Vaiśaṃpāyana, who was seated nearby.
1.1.74
स सदस्यैः सहासीनं श्रावयामास भारतम् ।
कर्मान्तरेषु यज्ञस्य चोद्यमानः पुनः पुनः ॥ १.१.७४ ॥
Seated among the assembly, he had the Bhārata recited, urged again and again during the intervals of the sacrifice.
1.1.75
विस्तारं कुरुवंशस्य गान्धार्या धर्मशीलताम् ।
क्षत्तुः प्रज्ञां धृतिं कुन्त्याः सम्यग्द्वैपायनोब्रवीत् ॥ १.१.७५ ॥
The expanse of the Kuru lineage, Gāndhārī's righteous nature, Kṣattṛ's wisdom, and Kuntī's steadfastness were fully told by Dvaipāyana.
1.1.76
वासुदेवस्य माहात्म्यं पाण्डवानां च सत्यताम् ।
दुर्वृत्तं धार्तराष्ट्राणामुक्तवान्भगवानृषिः ॥ १.१.७६ ॥
The greatness of Vāsudeva, the truthfulness of the Pāṇḍavas, and the wicked conduct of the sons of Dhṛtarāṣṭra were told by the venerable sage.
1.1.77
इदं शतसहस्रं तु श्लोकानां पुण्यकर्मणाम् ।
उपाख्यानैः सह ज्ञेयं श्राव्यं भारतमुत्तमम् ॥ १.१.७७ ॥
This supreme Bhārata of a hundred thousand verses, together with its episodes, is to be known and recited for those who do meritorious deeds.
1.1.78
चतुर्विंशतिसाहस्रीं चक्रे भारतसंहिताम् ।
उपाख्यानैर्विना तावद्भारतं प्रोच्यते बुधैः ॥ १.१.७८ ॥
He composed the Bhārata-saṃhitā of twenty-four thousand verses; without its episodes, the wise call that much alone the Bhārata.
1.1.79
ततोऽध्यर्धशतं भूयः संक्षेपं कृतवानृषिः ।
अनुक्रमणिकाध्यायं वृत्तान्तं सर्वपर्वणाम् ॥ १.१.७९ ॥
Then the sage again made a brief version in one hundred and fifty verses: the Anukramaṇikā chapter, giving the account of all the parvans.
1.1.80
तस्याख्यानवरिष्ठस्य कृत्वा द्वैपायनः प्रभुः ।
कथमध्यापयानीह शिष्यानित्यन्वचिन्तयत् ॥ १.१.८० ॥
Having composed that finest of narratives, the lord Dvaipāyana pondered: "How shall I teach this to my disciples here?"
1.1.81
तस्य तच्चिन्तितं ज्ञात्वा ऋषेर्द्वैपायनस्य च ।
तत्राजगाम भगवान्ब्रह्मा लोकगुरुः स्वयम् ॥ १.१.८१ ॥
Knowing the sage Dvaipāyana's thought, the blessed Brahmā, teacher of the worlds, himself came there.
1.1.82
प्रीत्यर्थं तस्य चैवर्षेर्लोकानां हितकाम्यया ।
तं दृष्ट्वा विस्मितो भूत्वा प्राञ्जलिः प्रणतः स्थितः ॥ १.१.८२ ॥
Out of wish to please him and that sage, and desiring the welfare of the worlds, astonished at seeing him, he stood with folded hands, bowed in reverence.
1.1.83
आसनं कल्पयामास सर्वैर्मुनिगणैर्वृतः ॥ १.१.८३ ॥
Surrounded by all the groups of sages, he had a seat prepared.
1.1.84
हिरण्यमर्भमासीनं तस्मिंस्तु परमासने ।
परिवृत्यासनभ्याशे वासवेयः स्थितोऽभवत् ॥ १.१.८४ ॥
When Hiraṇyagarbha was seated on that supreme seat, the son of Vasu's line (Vyāsa) circled around and stood near the seat.
1.1.85
अनुज्ञातोऽथ कृष्णस्तु ब्रह्मणा परमेष्ठिना ।
निषसादासनाभ्याशे प्रीयमाणः शुचिस्मितः ॥ १.१.८५ ॥
Having received permission from Brahmā, the Supreme Lord, Kṛṣṇa sat down near the seat, pleased, with a pure smile.
1.1.86
उवाच स महातेजा ब्रह्माणं परमेष्ठिनम् ।
कृतं मयेदं भगवन्काव्यं परमपूजितम् ॥ १.१.८६ ॥
That one of great splendor said to Brahmā, the Supreme Lord: 'Blessed lord, this poem composed by me is highly revered.'
1.1.87
ब्रह्मन्वेदरहस्य च यच्चान्यत्स्थापितं मया ।
साङ्गोपनिषदां चैव वेदानां विस्तरक्रिया ॥ १.१.८७ ॥
O Brahmā, the secrets of the Vedas, and whatever else I have established, and the expansion of the Vedas together with their limbs and Upaniṣads.
1.1.88
इतिहासपुरापानामुन्मेषं निमिषं च यत् ।
भूतं भव्यं भविष्यच्च त्रिविधं कालसंज्ञितम् ॥ १.१.८८ ॥
The unfolding and folding of the histories and Purāṇas, and whatever is past, present and future — this is called time in its threefold nature.
1.1.89
जरामृत्युभयव्याधिभावाभावविनिश्चयः ।
विविधस्य च धर्मस्य ह्याश्रमाणां च लक्षणम् ॥ १.१.८९ ॥
The determination of the fear of old age, death and disease, of being and non-being, and the characteristics of the manifold dharma and of the life-stages.
1.1.90
चातुर्वर्ण्यविधानं च पुराणानां च कृत्स्नशः ।
तपसो ब्रह्मचर्यस्य पृथिव्याश्चन्द्रसूर्ययोः ॥ १.१.९० ॥
The arrangement of the four social orders and the Purāṇas in full; of austerity and celibate study; of the earth, the moon and the sun.
1.1.91
ग्रहनक्षत्रताराणां प्रमाणं च युगैः सह ।
ऋचो यजूषि सामानि वेदाध्यात्मं तथैव च ॥ १.१.९१ ॥
The measure of planets, constellations and stars, together with the ages; the Ṛg verses, the Yajus, the Sāma chants, and likewise the inner meaning of the Vedas.
1.1.92
न्यायशिक्षा चिकित्सा च दानं पाशुपतं तथा ।
इति नैकाश्रयं जन्म दिव्यमानुषसंज्ञितम् ॥ १.१.९२ ॥
Logic, instruction, medicine, gifts, and likewise the Pāśupata; thus its origin does not rest on a single source, and it is named both divine and human.
1.1.93
तीर्थानां चैव पुण्यानां देशानां चैव कीर्तनम् ।
नदीनां पर्वतानां च वनानां सागरस्य च ॥ १.१.९३ ॥
The praise of holy fords and sacred regions, and of rivers, mountains, forests and the ocean.
1.1.94
पुराणां चैव दिव्यानां कल्पानां युद्धकौशलम् ।
वाक्यजातिविशेषाश्च लोकयात्राक्रमश्च यः ॥ १.१.९४ ॥
The ancient lore and divine kalpas, skill in war, the distinctions of speech and of kinds, and the order of worldly conduct.
1.1.95
यच्चापि सर्वगं वस्तु तच्चैव प्रतिपादितम् ।
परं न लेखकः कश्चिदेतस्य भुवि विद्यते ॥ १.१.९५ ॥
And that which pervades all things has also been set forth in it; no other writer of this exists on earth.
1.1.96
तपोविशिष्टदपि वै वसिष्ठान्मुनिपुंगवात् ।
मन्ये श्रेष्ठव्यं त्वां वै रहस्यज्ञानवेदनात् ॥ १.१.९६ ॥
Even more than Vasiṣṭha, distinguished in asceticism, the best of sages, I consider you the most excellent, for you know the secret knowledge.
1.1.97
जन्मप्रभृति सत्यां ते वेद्मि गां ब्रह्मवादिनीम् ।
त्वयाच काव्यमित्युक्तं तस्मात्काव्यं भविष्यति ॥ १.१.९७ ॥
From birth I know your true speech, the speech of those who speak of Brahman. And since you have called it 'poetry' (kāvya), therefore it shall be poetry.
1.1.98
अस्य काव्यस्य कवयो न समर्था विशेषणे ।
विशेषणे गृहस्थस्य शेषास्त्रय इवाश्रमाः ॥ १.१.९८ ॥
The poets will not be capable of fully describing this poem, just as the other three stages of life are not capable of describing the householder's life.
1.1.99
जडान्धबधिरोन्मत्तं तमोभूतं जगद्भवेत् ।
यदि ज्ञानहुताशेन त्वया नोज्ज्वलियं भवेत् ॥ १.१.९९ ॥
If you had not kindled it with the fire of knowledge, the world would become dull, blind, deaf, mad, and sunk in darkness.
1.1.100
तमसान्धस्य लोकस्य वेष्टितस्य स्वकर्मभिः ।
ज्ञानाञ्जनशलाकाभिर्बुद्धिनेत्रोत्सवः कृतः ॥ १.१.१०० ॥
For the world, enveloped by its own deeds and blinded by darkness, you have made a festival for the eyes of the intellect with the rods of the collyrium of knowledge.
1.1.101
त्वया भारतसूर्येण नृणां विनिहतं तमः ॥ १.१.१०१ ॥
By you, the sun of the Bhāratas, the darkness of men has been destroyed.
1.1.102
पुराणपूर्णचन्द्रेण श्रुतिज्योत्स्नाप्रकाशिना ।
नृणां कुमुदसौम्यानां कृतं बुद्धिप्रसादनम् ॥ १.१.१०२ ॥
By the full moon of the Purāṇas, shining with the moonlight of the Śruti, the gentle intellect of men, like lotuses, has been gladdened.
1.1.103
इतिहासप्रदीपेन मोहावरणघातिना ।
लोकगर्भगृहं कृत्स्नं यथावत्संप्रकाशितम् ॥ १.१.१०३ ॥
By the lamp of history, which destroys the veil of delusion, the whole inner sanctum of the world has been truly illuminated.
1.1.104
संग्रहाध्यायबीजो वै पौलोमास्तीकमूलवान् ।
संभवस्कन्धविस्तारः सभापर्वविटङ्कवान् ॥ १.१.१०४ ॥
Whose seed is the chapter of summary, whose roots are the tales of Pauloma and Āstīka, whose trunk and spreading is the Sambhava Parva, and whose branches are the Sabhā Parva.
1.1.105
आरण्यपर्वरूपाढ्यो विराटोद्योगसारवान् ।
भीष्मपर्वमहाशाखो द्रोणपर्वपलाशवान् ॥ १.१.१०५ ॥
Rich in the form of the Āraṇyaka Parva, possessing the heartwood of the Virāṭa and Udyoga Parvas, with the great bough of the Bhīṣma Parva and the leaves of the Droṇa Parva.
1.1.106
कर्णपर्वसितैः पुष्पैः शल्यपर्वसुगन्धिभिः ।
स्त्रीपर्वैषीकविश्रामः शान्तिपर्वमहाफलः ॥ १.१.१०६ ॥
Adorned with the white flowers of the Karṇa Parva and the fragrant blossoms of the Śalya Parva, whose resting place is the Strī Parva, the shaft of arrows, and whose great fruit is the Śānti Parva.
1.1.107
अश्वमेधामृतसस्त्वाश्रमस्थानसंश्रयः ।
मौसलश्रुतिसंक्षेपः शिष्टद्विजनिषेवितः ॥ १.१.१०७ ॥
Possessing the nectar of the Aśvamedha, resting on the shelters of the hermitages, the brief account of the Mausala tale, and resorted to by the learned twice-born.
1.1.108
सर्वेषां कविमुख्यानामुपजीव्यो भविष्यति ।
पर्जन्यइव भूतानामक्षयो भारद्रुमः ॥ १.१.१०८ ॥
It will be the living support of all the chief poets, and like a rain cloud for living beings, the Bhārata tree shall be inexhaustible.
1.1.109
काव्यस्य लेखनार्थाय गणेशः स्मर्यतां मुने। ॥ १.१.१०९ ॥
O sage, for the writing of this poem, let Gaṇeśa be remembered.
1.1.110
एवमाभाष्य तं ब्रह्मा जगाम स्वं निवेशनम् ।
भगवान्स जगत्स्रष्टा ऋषिदेवगणैः सह ॥ १.१.११० ॥
Having thus addressed him, Brahmā went to his own abode, the blessed creator of the world, together with the hosts of sages and gods.
1.1.111
ततः सस्मार हेरम्बं व्यासः सत्यवतीसुतः ॥ १.१.१११ ॥
Then Vyāsa, son of Satyavatī, remembered Heramba (Gaṇeśa).
1.1.112
स्मृतमात्रो गणेशानो भक्तचिन्तितपूरकः ।
तत्राजगाम विघ्नेशो वेदव्यासो यतः स्थितः ॥ १.१.११२ ॥
As soon as he was remembered, Gaṇeśa, lord of the hosts and fulfiller of his devotees' wishes, the lord of obstacles, came to the place where Vedavyāsa was standing.
1.1.113
पूजितश्चोपविष्टश्च व्यासेनोक्तस्तदानघ ।
लेखको भारतस्यास्य भव त्वं गणनायक
मयैव प्रोच्यमानस्य मनसा कल्पितस्य च ॥ १.१.११३ ॥
Honored and seated, O sinless one, he was then addressed by Vyāsa: "Become the scribe of this Bhārata, O lord of the hosts, which I recite as I compose it in my mind."
1.1.114
श्रुत्वैतत्प्राह विघ्नेशो यदि मे लेखनी क्षणम् ।
लिखतो नावतिष्ठेत तदा स्यां लेखको ह्यहम् ॥ १.१.११४ ॥
Hearing this, the lord of obstacles said: "If my pen does not pause for even a moment while I write, then I will be the scribe."
1.1.115
व्यासोऽप्युवाच तं देवमबुद्ध्वा मा लिख क्वचित् ।
ओमित्युक्त्वा गणेशोपि बभूव किल लेखकः ॥ १.१.११५ ॥
Vyāsa too said to that god, "Do not write anywhere without understanding." Saying "Om," Gaṇeśa too became the scribe.
1.1.116
ग्रन्थग्रन्थिं तदा चक्रे मुनिर्गूढं कुतूहलात् ।
यस्मिन्प्रतिज्ञया प्राह मुनिर्द्वैपायनस्त्विदम् ॥ १.१.११६ ॥
Then, out of curiosity, the sage tied that hidden knot in the text, in which Dvaipāyana, by his vow, declared this.
1.1.117
अष्टौ श्लोकसहस्राणि अष्टौ श्लोकशतानि च ।
अहं वेद्मि शुको वेत्ति संजयो वेत्ति वा न वा ॥ १.१.११७ ॥
Eight thousand verses and eight hundred verses — I know them; Śuka knows them, and whether Sañjaya knows them or not, I cannot say.
1.1.118
तच्छ्लोककूटमद्यापि ग्रथितं सुदृढं मुने ।
भेत्तुं न शक्यतेऽर्थस्यं गूढत्वात्प्रश्रितस्य च ॥ १.१.११८ ॥
O sage, that knot of verses is still woven very firmly even today; its meaning, being hidden and humbly held, cannot be broken.
1.1.119
सर्वज्ञोपि गणेशो यत्क्षणमास्ते विचारयन् ।
तावच्चकार व्यासोपि श्लोकानन्यान्बहूनपि ॥ १.१.११९ ॥
While the all-knowing Gaṇeśa paused a moment to reflect, Vyāsa too composed many other verses.
1.1.120
तस्य वृक्षस्य वक्ष्यामि शाखापुष्पफलोदयम् ।
स्वादुमेध्यरसोपेतमच्छेद्यममरैरपि ॥ १.१.१२० ॥
Of that tree I shall tell the rising of its branches, flowers and fruits, endowed with sweet and pure sap, which cannot be cut even by the gods.
1.1.121
अनुक्रमणिकाध्यायं वृत्तान्तं सर्वपर्वणाम् ।
इदं द्वैपायनः पूर्वं पुत्रमध्यापयच्छुकम् ॥ १.१.१२१ ॥
The introductory chapter, the account of all the parvans: this Dvaipāyana formerly taught to his son Śuka.
1.1.122
ततोऽन्येभ्योऽनुरूपेभ्यः शिष्येभ्यः प्रददौ प्रभु ।
षष्टिं शतसहस्राणि चकारान्यां स संहिताम्।
त्रिंशच्छतसहस्रं च देवलोके प्रतिष्ठितम् ॥ १.१.१२२ ॥
Then he gave it to other suitable disciples. The lord made another recension of sixty hundred thousand (verses); of these, three hundred thousand abide in the world of the gods.
1.1.123
पित्र्ये पञ्चदश प्रोक्तं रक्षोयक्षे चतुर्दश ।
एकं शतसहस्रं तु मानुषेषु प्रतिष्ठितम् ॥ १.१.१२३ ॥
In the realm of the ancestors fifteen (hundred thousand) are declared; in the realm of demons and yakṣas fourteen (hundred thousand); but among humans one hundred thousand abides.
1.1.124
नारदोऽश्रावयद्देवानसितो देवलः पितृन् ।
गन्धर्वयक्षरक्षांसि श्रावयामास वै शुकः ॥ १.१.१२४ ॥
Nārada recited it to the gods; Asita and Devala to the ancestors; and Śuka indeed caused the gandharvas, yakṣas and demons to hear it.
1.1.125
वैशंपायनविप्रर्षिः श्रावयामास पार्थिवम् ।
पारिक्षितं महात्मानं नाम्ना तु जनमेजयम् ॥ १.१.१२५ ॥
The brahmin sage Vaiśampāyana recited it to the king, the great-souled son of Parīkṣit, named Janamejaya.
1.1.126
अस्मिंस्तु मानुषे लोके वैशंपायन उक्तवान् ।
शिष्यो व्यासस्य धर्मात्मा सर्ववेदविदां वरः ॥ १.१.१२६ ॥
In this human world Vaiśampāyana recited it — the righteous-souled disciple of Vyāsa, the best of all who know the Vedas.
1.1.127
एकं शतसहस्रं तु मयोक्तं वै निबोधत ॥ १.१.१२७ ॥
I have recited one hundred thousand verses; listen.
1.1.128
दुर्योधनो मन्युमयो महाद्रुमः ।
कर्णः स्कन्धः शकुनिस्तस्य शाखाः।
दुश्शासनः पुष्पफले समृद्धे ।
मूलं राजा धृतराष्ट्रोऽमनीषि। ॥ १.१.१२८ ॥
Duryodhana is a great tree made of wrath; Karṇa is its trunk, Śakuni its branches, Duḥśāsana its rich flowers and fruit; its root is King Dhṛtarāṣṭra, the unwise.
1.1.129
युधिष्ठिरे धर्ममयो महाद्रुमः ।
स्कन्धोऽर्जुनो भीमसेनोऽस्य शाखाः।
माद्रीसुतौ पुष्पफले समृद्धे ।
मूलं कृष्णो ब्रह्म च ब्राह्मणाश्च ॥ १.१.१२९ ॥
In Yudhiṣṭhira is a great tree made of dharma; Arjuna and Bhīmasena are its trunk, the two sons of Mādrī its branches, its flowers and fruit abundant; its root is Kṛṣṇa, the Veda, and the brahmins.
1.1.130
पाण्डुर्जित्वा बहून्देशान्युधा विक्रमणेन च ।
अरण्ये मृगयाशीलो न्यवसत्सजनस्तथा ॥ १.१.१३० ॥
Pāṇḍu, having conquered many lands in battle and by his valour, fond of hunting, dwelt in the forest together with his people.
1.1.131
मृगव्यवायनिधनात्कृच्छ्रां प्राप स आपदम् ।
जन्मप्रभृति पार्थानां तत्राचारविधिक्रमः ॥ १.१.१३१ ॥
Through the death, while in the form of a deer, that came from union with a doe, he incurred grievous misfortune; and from the birth of the sons of Pṛthā onward, the order of conduct and rites began there.
1.1.132
मात्रोरभ्युपपत्तिश्च धर्मोपनिषदं प्रति ।
धर्मानिलेन्द्रांस्ताभिः साऽऽजुहाव सुतवाञ्छया ॥ १.१.१३२ ॥
Both mothers approached the secret teaching of dharma; desiring sons, they invoked Dharma, Vāyu and Indra.
1.1.133
ततो धर्मोपनिषदं भूत्वा भर्तुः प्रिया पृथा ।
धर्मानिलेन्द्रांस्ताभिः साऽऽजुहाव सुतवाञ्छया ॥ १.१.१३३ ॥
Then Pṛthā, dear to her husband, having received the Dharma-Upaniṣad (the mantra), desiring a son, invoked Dharma, Anila and Indra by those mantras.
1.1.134
तद्दत्तोपनिषन्माद्री चाश्विनावाजुहाव च ।
जाताः पार्थास्ततः सर्वे कुन्त्या माद्र्याश्च मन्त्रतः।
तापसैः सह संवृद्धा मातृभ्यां परिरक्षिताः ॥ १.१.१३४ ॥
With that mantra given by Kuntī, Mādrī too invoked the two Aśvins. Through the mantra all the Pāṇḍavas were born to Kuntī and Mādrī. Grown up among the ascetics, they were protected by both mothers.
1.1.135
मेध्यारण्येषु पुण्येषु महतामाश्रमेषु च ।
तेषु जातेषु सर्वेषु पाण्डवेषु महात्मसु ॥ १.१.१३५ ॥
In pure forests, in holy places and in the hermitages of the great ones, when all those great-souled Pāṇḍavas had been born...
1.1.136
माद्र्या तु सह संगम्य ऋषिशापप्रभावतः ।
मृतः पाण्डुर्महापुण्ये शतशृङ्गे महागिरौ ॥ १.१.१३६ ॥
But, having come together with Mādrī, Pāṇḍu died on the very holy great mountain Śataśṛṅga, through the power of the sage's curse.
1.1.137
ऋषिभिश्च समानीता धार्तराष्ट्रान्प्रति स्वयम् ।
शिशवश्चाभिरूपाश्च जटिला ब्रह्मचारिणः ॥ १.१.१३७ ॥
The sages themselves brought them back to the sons of Dhṛtarāṣṭra — young, handsome, matted-haired, celibate students.
1.1.138
पुत्राश्च भ्रातरश्चेमे शिष्याश्च सुहृदश्च वः ।
पाण्डवा एत इत्युक्त्वा मुनयोऽन्तर्हितास्ततः ॥ १.१.१३८ ॥
Saying "These are your sons, brothers, disciples and friends; these are the Pāṇḍavas," the sages then vanished.
1.1.139
तांस्तैर्निवेदितान्दृष्ट्वा पाण्डवान्कौरवास्तदा ।
शिष्टाश्च वर्णाः पौरा ये ते हर्षाच्चुक्रुशुर्भृशम् ॥ १.१.१३९ ॥
Seeing the Pāṇḍavas thus announced by those sages, the Kauravas and the remaining citizens of the social classes cried out loudly in joy.
1.1.140
आहुः केचिन्न तस्यैते तस्यैत इति चापरे ।
यदा चिरमृतः पाण्डुः कथं तस्येतदि चापरे ॥ १.१.१४० ॥
Some said, "They are not his"; others said, "They are indeed his." But Pāṇḍu has long been dead, so how could these be his? So others said as well.
1.1.141
स्वागतं सर्वथा दिष्ट्या पाण्डोः पश्याम सन्ततिम् ।
उच्यतां स्वागतमिति वाचोऽश्रूयन्त सर्वशः ॥ १.१.१४१ ॥
"By good fortune we see Pāṇḍu's offspring in every way—welcome!" "Say 'welcome'!" Such voices were heard from all sides.
1.1.142
तस्मिन्नुपरते शब्दे दिशः सर्वा निनादयन् ।
अन्तर्हितानां भूतानां निःस्वनस्तुमुलीऽभवत् ॥ १.१.१४२ ॥
When that sound ceased, the voices of the unseen beings, resounding through all the directions, became a tumultuous uproar.
1.1.143
पुष्पवृष्टिः शुभा गन्धाः शङ्खदुन्दुभिनिःस्वनाः ।
आसन्प्रवेशे पार्थानां तदद्भुतमिवाभवत् ॥ १.१.१४३ ॥
At the entry of the Pārthas there was a shower of flowers, auspicious fragrances, and the sounds of conches and drums; it became, as it were, a marvel.
1.1.144
तत्प्रीत्या चैव सर्वेषां पौराणां हर्षसंभवः ।
शब्द आसीन्महांस्तत्र दिवस्पृक्कीर्तिवर्धनः ॥ १.१.१४४ ॥
From that delight and joy arose among all the citizens, and there was a great sound reaching the heavens, increasing fame.
1.1.145
तेऽधीत्य निखिलान्वेदाञ्शास्त्राणि विविधानि च ।
न्यवसन्पाण्डवास्तत्र पूजिता अकुतोभयाः ॥ १.१.१४५ ॥
Having studied all the Vedas and the various treatises, the Pāṇḍavas dwelt there, honoured and fearless.
1.1.146
युधिष्ठिरस्य शौचेन प्रीताः प्रकृतयोऽभवन् ।
धृत्या च भीमसेनस्य विक्रमेणार्जुनस्य च ॥ १.१.१४६ ॥
By Yudhiṣṭhira's purity the subjects were pleased, and by Bhīmasena's steadfastness and Arjuna's valour.
1.1.147
गुरुशुश्रूषया कुन्त्या यमयोर्विनयेन च ।
तुतोष लोकः सकलस्तेषां शौर्यगुणेन च ॥ १.१.१४७ ॥
By Kuntī's service to her elders, by the humility of the twins, and by their quality of valour, the whole people was content.
1.1.148
समवाये ततो राज्ञां कन्यां भर्तृस्वयंवराम् ।
प्राप्तवानर्जुनः कृष्णां कृत्वा कर्म सुदुष्करम् ॥ १.१.१४८ ॥
Then, at the assembly of kings, having performed a very difficult deed, Arjuna obtained the maiden Kṛṣṇā, who chose her own husband.
1.1.149
ततः प्रभृति लोकेऽस्मिन्पूज्यः सर्वधनुष्मताम् ।
आदित्य इव दुष्प्रेक्ष्यः समरेष्वपि चाभवत् ॥ १.१.१४९ ॥
From then on, in this world he was honoured among all archers, and in battles he became hard to look upon, like the sun.
1.1.150
स सर्वान्पार्थिवाञ्जित्वा सर्वांश्च महतो गणान् ।
आजहारार्जुनो राज्ञो राजसूयं महाक्रतुम् ॥ १.१.१५० ॥
Having conquered all the kings and all the great hosts, Arjuna brought about for the king the great sacrifice called the Rājasūya.
1.1.151
युधिष्ठिरेण संप्राप्तो राजसूयो महाक्रतुः ॥ १.१.१५१ ॥
By Yudhiṣṭhira the great sacrifice called Rājasūya was accomplished.
1.1.152
सुनयाद्वासुदेवस्य भीमार्जुनबलेन च ।
घातयित्वा जरासन्धं चैद्यं च बलगर्वितम् ॥ १.१.१५२ ॥
By the wise counsel of Vāsudeva and the strength of Bhīma and Arjuna, having brought about the killing of Jarāsandha and of the Caidya, proud of his might.
1.1.153
दुर्योधनं समागच्छन्नर्हणानि ततस्ततः ।
मणिकाञ्चनरत्नानि गोहस्त्यश्वधनानि च ॥ १.१.१५३ ॥
Gifts of honour came to Duryodhana from here and there: jewels, gold and gems, cattle, elephants, horses and wealth.
1.1.154
विचित्राणि च वासांसि प्रावारावरणानि च ।
कम्बलाजिनरत्नानि राङ्कवास्तरणानि च ॥ १.१.१५४ ॥
Variegated garments, cloaks and wraps, blankets, skins and jewels, and coverings of soft rāṅkava hide.
1.1.155
समृद्धां तां तथा दृष्ट्वा पाण्डवानां तदा श्रियम् ।
ईर्ष्यासमुत्थः सुमहांस्तस्य मन्युरजायत ॥ १.१.१५५ ॥
Seeing the Pāṇḍavas' prosperity thus flourishing, a great anger born of envy arose in him.
1.1.156
विमानप्रतिमां तत्र मयेन सुकृतां सभाम् ।
पाण्डवानामुपहृतां स दृष्ट्वा पर्यतप्यत ॥ १.१.१५६ ॥
Seeing there the assembly hall, skilfully built by Maya and like a celestial vimāna, presented to the Pāṇḍavas, he was greatly tormented.
1.1.157
तत्रावहसितश्चासीत्प्रस्कन्दन्निव संभ्रमात् ।
प्रत्यक्षं वासुदेवस्य भीमेनानभिजातवत् ॥ १.१.१५७ ॥
There, in the presence of Vāsudeva, he was mocked by Bhīma; he seemed to rush forward in agitation, like one without noble breeding.
1.1.158
स भोगान्विविधान्भुञ्जन्रत्नानि विविधानि च ।
कथितो धृतराष्ट्रस्य विवर्णो हरिणः कृशः ॥ १.१.१५८ ॥
Though enjoying various pleasures and many kinds of jewels, he was reported to Dhṛtarāṣṭra as pale and thin like a deer.
1.1.159
अन्वजानात्ततो द्यूतं धृतराष्ट्रः सुतप्रियः ।
तच्छ्रुत्वा वासुदेवस्य कोपः समभवन्महान् ॥ १.१.१५९ ॥
Then Dhṛtarāṣṭra, fond of his sons, permitted the game of dice; hearing this, Vāsudeva was filled with great anger.
1.1.160
नातिप्रीतमनाश्चासीद्विवादांश्चान्वमोदत ।
द्यूतादीननयान्घोरान्विविधांश्चाप्युपैक्षत ॥ १.१.१६० ॥
His mind was not very pleased, yet he approved of the disputes, and he overlooked the dreadful and various wrongs, beginning with the game of dice.
1.1.161
निरस्य विदुरं भीष्मं द्रोणं शारद्वतं कृपम् ।
विग्रहे तुमुले तस्मिन्दहन्क्षत्रं परस्परम् ॥ १.१.१६१ ॥
Having cast out Vidura, Bhīṣma, Droṇa and Kṛpa, son of Śaradvat, he burned the warrior class against one another in that tumultuous conflict.
1.1.162
जयत्सु पाण्डुपुत्रेषु श्रुत्वा सुमहदप्रियम् ।
दुर्योधनमतं ज्ञात्वा कर्णस्य शकुनेस्तथा ॥ १.१.१६२ ॥
Hearing that the sons of Pāṇḍu were winning, knowing it to be exceedingly unwelcome news, and knowing the counsel of Duryodhana, of Karṇa and of Śakuni likewise...
1.1.163
धृतराष्ट्रश्चिरं ध्यात्वा संजयं वाक्यमब्रवीत् ।
शृणु संजय सर्वं मे नचासूयितुमर्हसि ॥ १.१.१६३ ॥
After long reflection, Dhṛtarāṣṭra spoke these words to Sañjaya: "Listen, Sañjaya, to all that I say, and you ought not to find fault."
1.1.164
श्रुतवानसि मेधावी बुद्धिमान्प्राज्ञसंमतः ।
न विग्रहे मम मतिर्न च प्रीये कुलक्षये ॥ १.१.१६४ ॥
You are learned, intelligent, wise, and esteemed by the wise. My mind is not set on war, and I take no pleasure in the destruction of the family.
1.1.165
न मे विशेषः पुत्रेषु स्वेषु पाम्डुसुतेषु वा ।
वृद्धं मामभ्यसूयन्ति पुत्रा मन्युपरायणाः ॥ १.१.१६५ ॥
I make no distinction between my own sons and the sons of Pāṇḍu. Yet my sons, intent on anger, find fault with me, the old man.
1.1.166
अहं त्वचक्षुः कार्पण्यात्पुत्रप्रीत्या सहामि तत् ।
मुह्यन्तं चानुमुह्यामि दुर्योधनमचेतनम् ॥ १.१.१६६ ॥
Being blind, out of pitiful weakness and love for my son, I endure all that; and I, too, follow the delusion of the deluded, unthinking Duryodhana.
1.1.167
राजसूये श्रियं दृष्ट्वा पाण्डवस्य महौजसः ।
तच्चावहसनं प्राप्य सभारोहणदर्शने ॥ १.१.१६७ ॥
Having seen the splendour of the mighty Pāṇḍava at the Rājasūya sacrifice, and having met with mockery at the sight of the ascent to the assembly hall...
1.1.168
अमर्षितः स्वयं जेतुमशक्तः पाण्डवान्रणे ।
निरुत्साहश्च संप्राप्तुं सुश्रियं क्षत्रियोऽपि सन् ॥ १.१.१६८ ॥
Resentful himself, unable to conquer the Pāṇḍavas in battle, and lacking the energy to attain great splendour, though he was a kṣatriya.
1.1.169
गान्धारराजसहितश्छद्मद्यूतममन्त्रयत् ।
तत्र यद्यद्यथा ज्ञातं मयां संजय तच्छृणु ॥ १.१.१६९ ॥
Together with the king of Gāndhāra, he devised a crooked game of dice. O Sañjaya, listen to all that I have learned of it there, just as it was.
1.1.170
श्रुत्वा तु मम वाक्यानि बुद्धियुक्तानि तत्त्वतः ।
ततो ज्ञास्यसि मां सौते प्रज्ञाटचक्षुषमित्युत ॥ १.१.१७० ॥
Having heard my words, which are endowed with understanding and true to reality, then, O Sauti, you will know me as one whose eye is wisdom.
1.1.171
यदाऽश्रौषं धनुरायम्य चित्रं ।
विद्धं लक्ष्यं पातितं वै पृथिव्याम्।
कृष्णां हृतां प्रेक्षतां सर्वराज्ञां ।
तदा नाशंसे विजयाय संजय ॥ १.१.१७१ ॥
When I heard that, drawing the bow, the wondrous target was pierced and brought down to the ground, and Kṛṣṇā (Draupadī) was taken away while all the kings looked on, then, O Sañjaya, I did not hope for victory.
1.1.172
यदाऽश्रौषं द्वारकायां सुभद्रां ।
प्रसह्योढां माधवीमर्जुनेन।
इन्द्रप्रस्थं वृष्णिवीरौ च यातौ ।
तदा नाशंसे विजयाय संजय ॥ १.१.१७२ ॥
When I heard that in Dvārakā Arjuna forcibly carried off Subhadrā, the daughter of Mādhava, as his bride, and that the two heroes of the Vṛṣṇis went to Indraprastha, then, O Sañjaya, I did not hope for victory.
1.1.173
यदाऽश्रौषं देवराजं प्रवृष्टं ।
शरैर्दिव्यैर्वारितं चार्जुनेन।
अग्निं तथा तर्पितं खाण्डवे च ।
तदा नाशंसे विजयाय संजय ॥ १.१.१७३ ॥
When I heard that the king of the gods, Indra, who was raining down, was warded off by Arjuna with divine arrows, and that Agni was satisfied in the Khāṇḍava forest, then, O Sañjaya, I did not hope for victory.
1.1.174
यदाऽश्रौषं जातुषाद्वेश्मनस्ता-
न्मुक्तान्पार्थान्पञ्च कुन्त्या समेतान्।
युक्तं चैषां विदुरं स्वार्थसिद्ध्यै ।
तदा नाशंसे विजयाय संजय ॥ १.१.१७४ ॥
O Sañjaya, when I heard that the five sons of Pṛthā had been freed from the lacquer house and joined with Kuntī, and that Vidura had joined them to accomplish their own aims, then I did not expect victory for them.
1.1.175
यदाऽश्रौषं द्रौपदीं रङ्गमध्ये ।
लक्ष्यं भित्त्वा निर्जितामर्जुनेन।
शूरान्पञ्चालान्पाण्डवेयांश्च युक्तां-
स्तदा नाशंसे विजयाय संजय ॥ १.१.१७५ ॥
O Sañjaya, when I heard that Arjuna, having pierced the target in the middle of the arena, had won Draupadī, and that the heroic Pañcālas and the sons of Pāṇḍu had joined him, then I did not expect victory for them.
1.1.176
यदाऽश्रौषं मागधानां वरिष्ठं ।
जरासन्धं क्ष्वमध्ये ज्वलन्तम्।
दोर्भ्यां हतं भीमसेनेन गत्वा ।
तदा नाशंसे विजयाय संजय ॥ १.१.१७६ ॥
O Sañjaya, when I heard that Jarāsandha, foremost of the Māgadhas, blazing in the midst of … , was slain by Bhīmasena, who went and struck him down with his arms, then I did not expect victory for them.
1.1.177
यदाऽश्रौषं दिग्जये पाण्डुपुत्रै-
र्वशीकृतान्भूमिपालान्प्रसह्य।
महाक्रतुं राजसूयं कृतं च ।
तदा नाशंसे विजयाय संजय ॥ १.१.१७७ ॥
O Sañjaya, when I heard that in the conquest of the quarters the sons of Pāṇḍu forcibly subdued the kings and performed the great sacrifice, the Rājasūya, then I did not expect victory for them.
1.1.178
यदाऽश्रौषं द्रौपदीमश्रुकण्ठीं ।
सभां नीतां दुःखितामेकवस्त्राम्।
रजस्वलां नाथवतीमनाथव-
त्तदा नाशंसे विजयाय संजय ॥ १.१.१७८ ॥
O Sañjaya, when I heard that Draupadī, her throat choked with tears, grieved, clad in a single garment and in her menstrual state, was led into the assembly, she who had protectors yet was like one without a protector, then I did not expect victory for them.
1.1.179
यदाऽश्रौषं वाससां तत्र राशिं ।
समाक्षिपत्कितवो मन्दबुद्धिः।
दुःशासनो गतवान्नैवं चान्तं ।
तदा नाशंसे विजयाय संजय ॥ १.१.१७९ ॥
O Sañjaya, when I heard that there the foolish gambler Duḥśāsana dragged the heap of garments, and that it had no end, then I do not expect victory.
1.1.180
यदाऽश्रौषं हृतराज्यं युधिष्ठिरं ।
पराजितं सौबलेनाक्षवत्याम्।
अन्वागतं भ्रातृभिरप्रमेयै-
स्तदा नाशंसे विजयाय संजय ॥ १.१.१८० ॥
O Sañjaya, when I heard that Yudhiṣṭhira, defeated at the dice by the son of Subala, had lost his kingdom and was accompanied by his immeasurable brothers, then I do not expect victory.
1.1.181
यदाश्रौषं विविधास्तत्र चेष्टा ।
धर्मात्मनां प्रस्थितानां वनाय।
ज्येष्ठप्रीत्या क्लिश्यतां पाण्डवानां ।
तदा नाशंसे विजयाय संजय ॥ १.१.१८१ ॥
O Sañjaya, when I heard that the righteous Pāṇḍavas, out of love for their eldest brother, had set out for the forest and were suffering many distresses, then I do not expect victory.
1.1.182
यदाऽश्रौषं स्नातकानां सहस्रै-
रन्वागतं धर्मराजं वनस्थम्। ॥ १.१.१८२ ॥
When I heard that thousands of graduate brahmins accompanied King Dharma Yudhiṣṭhira, who dwells in the forest.
1.1.183
भिक्षाभुजां ब्राह्मणानां महात्मनां ।
तदा नाशंसे विजयाय संजय ॥ १.१.१८३ ॥
O Sañjaya, with the great-souled brahmins who live on alms (the Pāṇḍavas are in the forest), then I do not expect victory.
1.1.184
यदाऽश्रौषं वनवासेन पार्था-
न्समागतान्महर्षिभिः पुराणैः।
उपास्यमानान्सगणैर्जातसख्यां-
स्तदा नाशंसे विजयाय संजर्य ॥ १.१.१८४ ॥
O Sañjaya, when I heard that the sons of Pṛthā, in their forest exile, had met with the ancient great sages, were attended by them with their retinues, and had formed friendships, then I do not expect victory.
1.1.185
यदाश्रौषं त्रिदिवस्थं धनंजयं ।
शक्रात्साक्षाद्दिव्यमस्त्रं यथावत्।
अधीयानं शंसितं सत्यसन्धं ।
तदा नाशंसे विजयाय संजय ॥ १.१.१८५ ॥
O Sañjaya, when I heard that Dhanañjaya, dwelling in heaven, was learning the divine weapons duly and directly from Indra, and was praised as true to his vow, then I did not hope for victory.
1.1.186
यदाऽश्रोषं कालकेयास्ततस्ते ।
पौलोमानो वरदानाच्च दृप्ताः।
देवैरजेया निर्जिताश्चार्जुनेन ।
तदा नाशंसे विजयाय संजय ॥ १.१.१८६ ॥
O Sañjaya, when I heard that the Kālakeyas and the Paulomas, proud through boons and unconquerable by the gods, were defeated by Arjuna, then I did not hope for victory.
1.1.187
यदाऽश्रौषमसुराणां वधार्थे ।
किरीटिनं यान्तममित्रकर्शनम्।
कृतार्थं चाप्यागतं शक्रलोका-
त्तदा नाशंसे विजयाय संजय ॥ १.१.१८७ ॥
O Sañjaya, when I heard that the diademed one, the subduer of foes, was going for the slaying of the asuras and had returned from Indra's world having accomplished his aim, then I did not hope for victory.
1.1.188
यदाऽश्रौषं तीर्थयात्राप्रवृत्तं ।
पाण्डोः सुतं सहितं लोमशेन।
बृहदश्वादक्षहृदयं च प्राप्तं ।
तदा नाशंसे विजयाय संजय ॥ १.१.१८८ ॥
O Sañjaya, when I heard that the son of Pāṇḍu was engaged in a pilgrimage, accompanied by Lomaśa, and had received from Bṛhadaśva the knowledge of dice, then I did not hope for victory.
1.1.189
यदाऽश्रौषं वैश्रवणेन सार्धं ।
समागतं भीमन्यांश्च पार्थान्।
तस्मिन्देशे मानुषाणामगम्ये ।
तदा नाशंसि विजयाय संजया ॥ १.१.१८९ ॥
O Sañjaya, when I heard that the Pārthas, with Bhīma and the others, had met together with Vaiśravaṇa in that place inaccessible to men, then I did not hope for victory.
1.1.190
यदाऽश्रौषं घोषयात्रागतानां ।
बन्धं गन्धर्वैर्मोक्षणं चार्जुनेन।
स्वेषां सुतानां कर्णबुद्धौ रतानां ।
तदा नाशंसे विजयाय संजय ॥ १.१.१९० ॥
O Sañjaya, when I heard that our sons who had gone on the cattle-raid journey were bound by the Gandharvas and that Arjuna released them, and of those who were devoted to Karṇa's counsel, then I did not hope for victory.
1.1.191
यदाऽश्रौषं यक्षरूपेण धर्मं ।
समागतं धर्मराजेन सूत।
प्रश्नान्कांश्चिद्विब्रुवाणं च सम्यक् ।
तदा नाशंसे विजयाय संजय ॥ १.१.१९१ ॥
O charioteer Sañjaya, when I heard that Dharma, in the form of a Yakṣa, met the king of dharma and rightly asked some questions, then I did not hope for victory.
1.1.192
यदाऽश्रौषं न विदुर्मामकास्तान् ।
प्रच्छन्नरूपान्वसतः पाण्डवेयान्।
विराटराष्ट्रे सह कृष्णया च ।
तदा नाशंसे विजयाय संजय ॥ १.१.१९२ ॥
O Sañjaya, when I heard that my people did not recognise them, the sons of Pāṇḍu living in hidden forms in the kingdom of Virāṭa together with Kṛṣṇā, then I did not hope for victory.
1.1.193
यदाऽश्रौषं कीचकानां वरिष्ठं ।
निषूदितं भ्रातृशतेन सार्धम्।
द्रौपद्यर्थे भीमसेनेन सङ्ख्ये ।
तदा नाशंसे विजयाय संजय ॥ १.१.१९३ ॥
O Sañjaya, when I heard that for Draupadī's sake Bhīmasena slew in battle the foremost of the Kīcakas together with his hundred brothers, then I did not hope for victory.
1.1.194
यदाऽश्रौषं मामकानां वरिष्ठा-
न्धनंजयेनैकरथेन भग्नान्।
विराटराष्ट्रे वसता महात्मना ।
तदा नाशंसे विजयाय संजय ॥ १.१.१९४ ॥
O Sañjaya, when I heard that the great-souled Dhanañjaya, while dwelling in the kingdom of Virāṭa, routed the foremost of my people with a single chariot, then I did not hope for victory.
1.1.195
यदाऽश्रौषं सत्कृतं मत्स्यराज्ञा ।
सुतां दत्तामुत्तरामर्जुनाय।
तां चार्जुनः प्रत्यगृह्णात्सुतार्थे ।
तदा नाशंसे विजयाय संजय ॥ १.१.१९५ ॥
O Sañjaya, when I heard that the king of the Matsyas had honourably given his daughter Uttarā to Arjuna, and that Arjuna had accepted her for the sake of a son, then I did not hope for victory.
1.1.196
यदाऽश्रौषं निर्जितस्याधनस्य ।
प्रव्राजितस्य स्वजनात्प्रच्युतस्य।
अक्षौहिणीः सप्त युधिष्ठिरस्य ।
तदा नाशंसे विजयाय संजय ॥ १.१.१९६ ॥
O Sañjaya, when I heard that Yudhiṣṭhira, defeated, without wealth, exiled and cut off from his kin, had seven akṣauhiṇīs, then I did not hope for victory.
1.1.197
यदाऽश्रौषं माधवं वासुदेवं ।
सर्वात्मना पाण्डवार्थे निविष्टम्।
यस्येमां गां विक्रममेकमाहु-
स्तदा नाशंसे विजयाय संजय ॥ १.१.१९७ ॥
O Sañjaya, when I heard that Mādhava Vāsudeva, wholly devoted to the good of the Pāṇḍavas, of whom they say this earth was measured in a single stride, had taken their side, then I did not hope for victory.
1.1.198
यदाऽश्रौषं नरनारायणौ तौ ।
कृष्णार्जुनौ वदतो नारदस्य।
अहं द्रष्टा ब्रह्मलोके च सम्यक् ।
तदा नाशंसे विजयाय संजय ॥ १.१.१९८ ॥
O Sañjaya, when I heard Nārada speak of Nara and Nārāyaṇa, that Kṛṣṇa and Arjuna are those two, and that I would fully see this in the world of Brahmā, then I did not hope for victory.
1.1.199
यदाऽश्रौषं लोकहिताय कृष्णं ।
शमार्थिनमुपयातं कुरूणाम्।
शमं कुर्वाणमकृतार्थं च यातं ।
तदा नाशंसे विजयाय संजय ॥ १.१.१९९ ॥
O Sañjaya, when I heard that Kṛṣṇa, for the welfare of the world and seeking peace, came to the Kurus, made peace, yet departed without accomplishing his aim, then I did not hope for victory.
1.1.200
बुद्धिं कृतां निग्रहे केशवस्य ।
तं चात्मानं बहुधा दर्शयानं
तदा नाशंसे विजयाय संजय ॥ १.१.२०० ॥
When I heard that Keśava (Kṛṣṇa) had devised a plan of restraint and showed himself in many ways, then, O Sañjaya, I did not hope for victory.
1.1.201
यदाऽश्रौषं वासुदेवे प्रयाते ।
रथस्यैकामग्रतस्तिष्ठमानाम्।
आर्तां पृथां सान्त्वितां केशवेन ।
तदा नाशंसे विजयाय संजय ॥ १.१.२०१ ॥
When I heard that Vāsudeva (Kṛṣṇa) had departed, and that Keśava had consoled the distressed Pṛthā (Kuntī), standing before the chariot, then, O Sañjaya, I did not hope for victory.
1.1.202
यदाऽश्रौषं मन्त्रिणं वासुदेवं ।
तथा भीष्मं शान्तनवं च तेषाम्।
भारद्वाजं चाशिषोऽनुब्रुवाणं ।
तदा नाशंसे विजयाय संजय ॥ १.१.२०२ ॥
When I heard that the counsellor Vāsudeva (Kṛṣṇa), and likewise Bhīṣma, son of Śantanu, and Droṇa, son of Bharadvāja, were speaking blessings for them, then, O Sañjaya, I did not hope for victory.
1.1.203
यदा कर्णो भीष्ममुवाच वाक्यं ।
नाहं योत्स्ये युध्यमाने त्वयीति।
हित्वा सेनामपचक्राम चापि ।
तदा नाशंसे विजयाय संजय ॥ १.१.२०३ ॥
When Karṇa spoke these words to Bhīṣma, "I will not fight while you are fighting," and, having abandoned the army, withdrew, then, O Sañjaya, I did not hope for victory.
1.1.204
यदाऽश्रौषं वासुदेवार्जुनौ तौ ।
तथा धनुर्गाण्डिवमप्रमेयम्।
त्रीण्युग्रवीर्याणि समागतानि ।
तदा नाशंसे विजयाय संजय ॥ १.१.२०४ ॥
When I heard that Vāsudeva and Arjuna, those two, and the immeasurable bow Gāṇḍīva — these three of fierce valour — had come together, then, O Sañjaya, I did not hope for victory.
1.1.205
यदाऽश्रौषं कश्ललेनाभिपन्ने ।
रथोपस्थे सीदमानेऽर्जुने वै।
कृष्णं लोकान्दर्शयानं शरीरे ।
तदा नाशंसे विजयाय संजय ॥ १.१.२०५ ॥
O Sañjaya, when I heard that Arjuna, overcome by pity, was sinking on the seat of the chariot, and that Kṛṣṇa was showing the worlds within his body, then I did not expect victory.
1.1.206
यदाऽश्रौषं भीष्ममित्रकर्शनं ।
निघ्नन्तमाजावयुतं रथानाम्।
नैषां कश्चिद्वध्यते ख्यातरूप-
स्तदा नाशंसे विजयाय संजय ॥ १.१.२०६ ॥
O Sañjaya, when I heard that Bhīṣma, subduer of foes, was striking down ten thousand chariots in battle, and that not one of them, famous in form, was being slain, then I did not expect victory.
1.1.207
यदाऽश्रौषं चापगेयेन सङ्ख्ये ।
स्वयं मृत्युं विहितं धार्मिकेण।
तच्चाकार्षुः पाण्डवेयाः प्रहृष्टा-
स्तदा नाशंसे विजयाय संजय ॥ १.१.२०७ ॥
O Sañjaya, when I heard that the righteous son of Gaṅgā himself declared the means of his own death in battle, and that the sons of Pāṇḍu, delighted, did that very thing, then I did not expect victory.
1.1.208
यदाऽश्रौषं भीष्ममत्यन्तशूरं ।
हतं पार्थेनाहवेष्वप्रधृष्यम्।
शिखण्डिनं पुरतः स्थापयित्वा ।
तदा नाशंसे विजयाय संजय ॥ १.१.२०८ ॥
O Sañjaya, when I heard that Bhīṣma, exceedingly heroic and unassailable in battles, was slain by the son of Pṛthā, who placed Śikhaṇḍin in front, then I did not expect victory.
1.1.209
यदाऽश्रौषं शरतल्पे शयानं ।
वृद्धं वीरं सादितं चित्रपुङ्खैः।
भीष्मं कृत्वा सोमकानल्पशेषां-
स्तदा नाशंसे विजयाय संजय ॥ १.१.२०९ ॥
O Sañjaya, when I heard that the aged hero Bhīṣma, struck down by brightly-feathered arrows, lay on a bed of arrows, and that the Somakas were reduced to but a few, then I did not expect victory.
1.1.210
यदाऽश्रौषं शान्तनवे शयाने ।
पानीयार्थे चोदितेनार्जुनेन।
भूमिं भित्त्वा तर्पितं तत्र भीष्मं ।
तदा नाशंसे विजयाय संजय ॥ १.१.२१० ॥
When I heard that Bhīṣma, son of Śantanu, lay on his bed of arrows, and that at Arjuna's urging the earth was pierced for water and Bhīṣma was refreshed there, then I, O Sañjaya, did not hope for victory.
1.1.211
यदाश्रौषं शुक्रसूर्यौ च युक्तौ ।
कौन्तेयानामनुलोमौ जयाय।
नित्यं चास्माञ्श्वापदा भीषयन्ति ।
तदा नाशंसे विजयाय संजय ॥ १.१.२११ ॥
When I heard that Venus and the Sun were conjoined, favourable to the sons of Kuntī for victory, and that wild beasts such as jackals constantly frighten us, then I, O Sañjaya, did not hope for victory.
1.1.212
यदा द्रोणो विविधानस्त्रमार्गा-
न्निदर्शयन्समरे चित्रयोधी।
न पाण्डवाञ्श्रेष्ठतरान्निहन्ति ।
तदा नाशंसे विजयायं संजय ॥ १.१.२१२ ॥
When I heard that Droṇa, displaying in battle the many paths of his weapons, a wondrous warrior, does not slay the most excellent Pāṇḍavas, then I, O Sañjaya, did not hope for victory.
1.1.213
यदाऽश्रौषं चास्मदीयान्महारथा-
न्व्यवस्थितानर्जुनस्यान्तकाय।
संशप्तकान्निहतानर्जुनेन ।
तदा नाशंसे विजयाय संजय ॥ १.१.२१३ ॥
When I heard that our great chariot-warriors, stationed for Arjuna's death, the Saṃśaptakas, were slain by Arjuna, then I, O Sañjaya, did not hope for victory.
1.1.214
यदाऽश्रौषं व्यूहमभेद्यमन्यै-
र्भारद्वाजेनात्तशस्त्रेण गुप्तम्।
भित्त्वा सौभद्रं वीरमेकं प्रविष्टं ।
तदा नाशंसे विजयाय संजय ॥ १.१.२१४ ॥
When I heard that the formation impenetrable to others, guarded by the armed son of Bharadvāja (Droṇa), was pierced, and the hero Saubhadra (Abhimanyu) alone entered it, then I, O Sañjaya, did not hope for victory.
1.1.215
यदाऽभिमन्युं परिवार्य बालं ।
सर्वे हत्त्वा हृष्टरूपा बभूवुः।
महारथाः पार्थमशक्नुवन्त-
स्तदा नाशंसे विजयाय संजय ॥ १.१.२१५ ॥
When, surrounding the youth Abhimanyu, they had all slain him and grew joyful, yet were unable to overcome Pārtha, then, O Sañjaya, I did not expect victory.
1.1.216
यदाऽश्रौषमभिमन्युं निहत्य ।
हर्षान्मूढान्क्रोशतो धार्तराष्ट्रान्।
क्रोधादुक्तं सैन्धवे चार्जुनेन ।
तदा नाशंसे विजयाय संजय ॥ १.१.२१६ ॥
When I heard of the sons of Dhṛtarāṣṭra, deluded with joy and shouting after slaying Abhimanyu, and of what Arjuna in anger spoke to Saindhava, then, O Sañjaya, I did not expect victory.
1.1.217
यदाऽश्रौषं सैन्धवार्थे प्रतिज्ञां ।
प्रतिज्ञातां तद्वधायार्जुनेन।
सत्यां तीर्णां शत्रुमध्ये च तेन ।
तदा नाशंसे विजयाय संजय ॥ १.१.२१७ ॥
When I heard that the vow Arjuna made for the sake of killing Saindhava was fulfilled truly by him in the midst of enemies, then, O Sañjaya, I did not expect victory.
1.1.218
यदाऽश्रौषं श्रान्तहये धनंजये ।
मुक्त्वा हयान्पाययित्वोपवृत्तान्।
पुनर्युक्त्वा वासुदेवं प्रयातं ।
तदा नाशंसे विजयाय संजय ॥ १.१.२१८ ॥
When I heard that Dhanaṃjaya, his horses weary, released the horses, watered them, yoked them again, and set out with Vāsudeva, then, O Sañjaya, I did not expect victory.
1.1.219
यदाऽश्रौषं वाहनेष्वक्षमेषु ।
रथोपस्थे तिष्ठता पाण्डवेन।
सर्वान्योधान्वारितानर्जुनेन ।
तदा नाशंसे विजयाय संजय ॥ १.१.२१९ ॥
When I heard that, with the vehicles rendered unfit, the Pāṇḍava Arjuna, standing on the floor of his chariot, held back all the warriors, then, O Sañjaya, I did not expect victory.
1.1.220
यदाऽश्रौषं नागबलैः सुदुःसहं ।
द्रोणानीकं युयुधानं प्रमथ्य।
यातं वार्ष्णेयं यत्र तौ कृष्णपार्थौ ।
तदा नाशंसे विजयाय संजय ॥ १.१.२२० ॥
O Sañjaya, when I heard that Yuyudhāna had crushed Droṇa's army, so hard to withstand with its elephant forces, and that the descendant of Vṛṣṇi had gone to where those two, Kṛṣṇa and Pārtha, were, then I do not expect victory.
1.1.221
यदाऽश्रौषं कर्णमासाद्य मुक्तं ।
वधाद्भीमं कुत्सयित्वा वचोभिः।
धनुष्कोट्याऽऽतुद्य कर्णेन वीरं ।
तदा नाशंसे विजयाय संजय ॥ १.१.२२१ ॥
O Sañjaya, when I heard that Bhīma, confronting Karṇa, was freed from death, and that Karṇa reviled him with words and struck that hero with the tip of his bow, then I do not expect victory.
1.1.222
यदा द्रोणः कृतवर्मा कृपश्च ।
कर्णो द्रौणिर्मद्रराजश्च शूरः।
अमर्षयन्सैन्धवं वध्यमानं ।
तदा नाशंसे विजयाय संजय ॥ १.१.२२२ ॥
O Sañjaya, when Droṇa, Kṛtavarman, Kṛpa, Karṇa, Droṇa's son Aśvatthāman, and the heroic king of the Madras, enraged at the Sindhu king being slain, could not save him, then I do not expect victory.
1.1.223
यदाऽश्रौषं देवराजेन दत्तां ।
दिव्यां शक्तिं व्यंसितां माधवेन।
घटोत्कचे राक्षसे घोररूपे ।
तदा नाशंसे विजयाय संजय ॥ १.१.२२३ ॥
O Sañjaya, when I heard that the divine weapon of power given by Indra was turned away by Mādhava (Kṛṣṇa) from the rākṣasa Ghaṭotkaca of terrible form, then I do not expect victory.
1.1.224
यदाऽश्रौषं कर्णघटोत्कचाभ्यां ।
युद्धे मुक्तां सूतपुत्रेण शक्तिम्।
यया वध्यः समरे सव्यसाची ।
तदा नाशंसे विजयाय संजय ॥ १.१.२२४ ॥
O Sañjaya, when I heard that in the battle between Karṇa and Ghaṭotkaca the son of the charioteer released that weapon of power by which the ambidextrous Arjuna was to be slain in battle, then I do not expect victory.
1.1.225
यदाऽश्रौषं द्रोणमाचार्यमेकं ।
धृष्टद्युम्नेनाभ्यतिक्रम्य धर्मम्।
रथोपस्थे प्रायगतं विशस्तं ।
तदा नाशंसे विजयाय संजय ॥ १.१.२२५ ॥
O Sañjaya, when I heard that the teacher Droṇa, alone, had been struck down in his chariot with weapons by Dhṛṣṭadyumna, who had transgressed the law of war and sent him on the path of death, then I did not hope for victory.
1.1.226
यदाऽश्रौषं द्रौणिना द्वैरथस्थं ।
माद्रीसुतं नकुलं लोकमध्ये।
समं युद्धे मण्डलेभ्यश्चरन्तं ।
तदा नाशंसे विजयाय संजय ॥ १.१.२२६ ॥
O Sañjaya, when I heard that the son of Droṇa had confronted Nakula, son of Mādrī, standing in single combat, moving evenly in circular manoeuvres in the battle, then I did not hope for victory.
1.1.227
यदा द्रोणे निहते द्रोणपुत्रो ।
नारायणं दिव्यमस्त्रं विकुर्वन्।
नैषामन्तं गतवान्पाण्डवानां ।
तदा नाशंसे विजयाय संजय ॥ १.१.२२७ ॥
O Sañjaya, when I heard that after Droṇa was slain, the son of Droṇa unleashed the divine Nārāyaṇa weapon yet did not bring the Pāṇḍavas to their end, then I did not hope for victory.
1.1.228
यदाऽश्रौषं भीमसेनेन पीतं ।
रक्तं भ्रातुर्युधि दुःशासनस्य।
निवारितं नान्यतमेन भीमं ।
तदा नाशंसे विजयाय संजय ॥ १.१.२२८ ॥
O Sañjaya, when I heard that Bhīmasena drank the blood of his brother Duḥśāsana in battle, and that Bhīma was checked by no other, then I did not hope for victory.
1.1.229
यदाऽश्रौषं कर्णमत्यन्तशूरं ।
हतं पार्थेनाहवेष्वप्रधृष्यम्।
तस्मिन्भ्रातृणां विग्रहे देवगुह्ये ।
तदा नाशंसे विजयाय संजय ॥ १.१.२२९ ॥
O Sañjaya, when I heard that Karṇa, exceedingly heroic and unassailable in battles, was slain by Pārtha in that conflict of brothers, a divine secret, then I did not hope for victory.
1.1.230
यदाऽश्रौषं द्रोणपुत्रं च शूरं ।
दुःशासनं कृतवर्माणमुग्रम्।
युधिष्टिरं धर्मराजं जयन्तं ।
तदा नाशंसे विजयाय संजय ॥ १.१.२३० ॥
O Sañjaya, when I heard that the son of Droṇa, the heroic Duḥśāsana, the fierce Kṛtavarman, and Yudhiṣṭhira, the king of dharma, were victorious, then I do not hope for victory.
1.1.231
यदाऽश्रौषं निहतं मद्रराजं ।
रणे शूरं धर्मराजेन सूत।
सदा सङ्ग्रामे स्प्रधते यस्तु कृष्णं ।
तदा नाशंसे विजयाय संजय ॥ १.१.२३१ ॥
O Sañjaya, when I heard that the hero, the king of the Madras, was slain in battle by the king of dharma, and that he who always contends with Kṛṣṇa in battle, then I do not hope for victory.
1.1.232
यदाऽश्रौषं कलहद्यूतमूलं ।
मायाबलं सौबलं पाण्डवेन।
हतं सङ्ग्रामे सहदेवेन पापं ।
तदा नाशंसे विजयाय संजय ॥ १.१.२३२ ॥
O Sañjaya, when I heard that Saubala, the root of quarrel and dice-play, master of illusion, was slain in battle by Sahadeva, the Pāṇḍava, that wicked one, then I do not hope for victory.
1.1.233
यदाऽश्रौषं श्रान्तमेकं शयानं ।
ह्रदं गत्वा स्तम्भयित्वा तदम्भः।
दुर्योधनं विरथं भग्नशक्तिं ।
तदा नाशंसे विजयाय संजय ॥ १.१.२३३ ॥
O Sañjaya, when I heard that Duryodhana, weary and lying alone, having gone to the lake and stopped its water, is without a chariot and with broken strength, then I do not hope for victory.
1.1.234
यदाऽश्रौषं पाण्डवांस्तिष्ठमानान् ।
गत्वा ह्रदे वासुदेवेन सार्धम्।
अमर्षणं धर्षयतः सुतं मे ।
तदा नाशंसे विजयाय संजय ॥ १.१.२३४ ॥
O Sañjaya, when I heard that the Pāṇḍavas, having gone to the lake with Vāsudeva and standing there, are insulting my impatient son, then I do not hope for victory.
1.1.235
यदाऽश्रौषं विविधांश्चित्रमार्गान् ।
गदायुद्धे मण्डलशश्चरन्तम्।
मिथ्या हतं वासुदेवस्य बुद्ध्या ।
तदा नाशंसे विजयाय संजय ॥ १.१.२३५ ॥
When I heard that Vāsudeva, moving in circles along varied and wondrous paths in the mace-battle, was falsely struck down through cunning, then, O Sañjaya, I do not expect victory.
1.1.236
यदाऽश्रौषं द्रोणपुत्रादिभिस्तै-
र्हतान्पञ्चालान्द्रौपदेयांश्च सुप्तान्।
कृतं बीभत्समयशस्यं च कर्म ।
तदा नाशंसे विजयाय संजय ॥ १.१.२३६ ॥
When I heard that Droṇa's son and the others slew the Pañcālas and the sons of Draupadī while they slept, and that a loathsome and disgraceful deed was done, then, O Sañjaya, I do not expect victory.
1.1.237
यदाऽश्रौषं भीमसेनानुयाते-
नाश्वत्थाम्ना परमास्त्रं प्रयुक्तम्।
क्रुद्धेनैषीकमवधीद्येन गर्भं ।
तदा नाशंसे विजयाय संजय ॥ १.१.२३७ ॥
When I heard that Aśvatthāman, angered as Bhīmasena pursued him, launched the supreme weapon, by which the reed-shaft missile struck down the embryo, then, O Sañjaya, I do not expect victory.
1.1.238
यदाऽश्रौषं ब्रह्मशिरोऽर्जुनेन ।
स्वस्तीत्युक्त्वाऽस्त्रमस्त्रेण शान्तम्।
अश्वत्थाम्ना मणिरत्नं च दत्तं ।
तदा नाशंसे विजयाय संजय ॥ १.१.२३८ ॥
When I heard that Arjuna, saying 'svasti', pacified the Brahma-head weapon with a weapon, and that Aśvatthāman gave his jewel, then, O Sañjaya, I do not expect victory.
1.1.239
यदाऽश्रौषं द्रोणपुत्रेण गर्भे ।
वैराट्या वै पात्यमाने महास्त्रैः।
संजीवयामीति हरेः प्रतिज्ञां ।
तदा नाशंसे विजयाय संजय ॥ १.१.२३९ ॥
When I heard that Droṇa's son, with great weapons, was striking the child in the womb of Virāṭa's daughter, though Hari had vowed, 'I will revive it', then, O Sañjaya, I gave up hope of victory.
1.1.240
द्वैपायनः केशवो द्रोणपुत्रं ।
परस्पेरणाभिशापैः शशाप।
बुद्ध्वा चाहं बुद्धिहीनोऽद्य सूत ।
संतप्ये वै पुत्रपौत्रैश्च हीनः ॥ १.१.२४० ॥
Dvaipāyana and Keśava cursed Droṇa's son with mutual curses. O charioteer, though I now understand this, today I have lost my wits and grieve, bereft of sons and grandsons.
1.1.241
शोच्या गान्धारी पुत्रपौत्रैर्विहीना ।
तथा वध्वा पितृभिर्भ्रातृभिश्च।
कृतं कार्यं दुष्करं पाण्डवेयैः ।
प्राप्तं राज्यमसपत्नं पुनस्तैः ॥ १.१.२४१ ॥
Gāndhārī, bereft of sons and grandsons, is pitiable, and likewise with the daughters-in-law, fathers and brothers. The Pāṇḍavas accomplished a difficult task, and again obtained a kingdom without rivals.
1.1.242
कष्टं युद्धे दश शेषाः श्रुता मे ।
त्रयोऽस्माकं पाण्डवानां च सप्त।
द्व्यूना विंशतिराहताऽक्षौहिणीनां ।
तस्मिन्सङ्ग्रामे भैरवे क्षत्रियाणाम् ॥ १.१.२४२ ॥
In that dreadful battle twenty akṣauhiṇī armies of the kṣatriyas were struck; I heard that ten survived — three of ours and seven of the Pāṇḍavas. It was a painful thing.
1.1.243
तमस्त्वतीव विस्तीर्णं मोह आविशतीव माम् ।
संज्ञां नोपलभे सूत मनो विह्वलतीव मे ॥ १.१.२४३ ॥
Very vast darkness, and delusion seems to enter me. O charioteer, I do not perceive consciousness; my mind seems bewildered.
1.1.244
इत्युक्त्वा धृतराष्ट्रोऽथ विलप्य बहु दुःखितः ।
मूर्च्छितः पुनराश्वस्तः संजयं वाक्यमब्रवीत् ॥ १.१.२४४ ॥
Having spoken thus, Dhṛtarāṣṭra, deeply grieved, lamented at length. Swooning again, and recovering once more, he spoke these words to Sañjaya.
1.1.245
संजयैवं गते प्राणांस्त्यक्तुमिच्छामि मा चिरम् ।
स्तोकं ह्यपि न पश्यामि फलं जीवितधारणे ॥ १.१.२४५ ॥
O Sañjaya, since it has come to this, I wish to give up my life without delay; I see not even the least benefit in sustaining life.
1.1.246
तं तथा वादिनं दीनं विलपन्तं महीपतिम् ।
निःश्वसन्तं यथा नागं मुह्यमानं पुनः पुनः ॥ १.१.२४६ ॥
Him, thus speaking, wretched, lamenting, sighing like an elephant, and again and again falling into bewilderment, the lord of the earth (Sañjaya saw).
1.1.247
गावल्गणिरिदं धीमान्महार्थं वाक्यमब्रवीत् ।
श्रुतवानसि वै राजन्महोत्साहान्महाबलान् ॥ १.१.२४७ ॥
Sañjaya, the wise son of Gavalgaṇa, spoke these words of great meaning: "O king, you have indeed heard of those of great energy and great strength."
1.1.248
द्वैपायनस्य वदतो नारदस्य च धीमतः ।
महत्सु राजवंशेषु गुणैः समुदितेषु च ॥ १.१.२४८ ॥
You have heard what was spoken by Dvaipāyana (Vyāsa) and the wise Nārada, concerning the great royal lines endowed with excellent qualities.
1.1.249
जातान्दिव्यास्त्रविदुषः शक्रप्रतिमतेजसः ।
धर्मेण पृथिवीं जित्वा यज्ञैरिष्ट्वाप्तदक्षिणैः ॥ १.१.२४९ ॥
(Those who were born), knowers of divine weapons, whose splendour equalled Indra's, who had conquered the earth by dharma and worshipped with sacrifices bestowing abundant fees.
1.1.250
अस्मिँल्लोके यशः प्राप्य ततः कालवशं गतान् ।
शैब्यं महारथं वीरं सृंजयं जयतां वरम् ॥ १.१.२५० ॥
Having won fame in this world and then gone under the sway of time: the great charioteer, the hero Śaibya, and Sṛñjaya, the best of conquerors.
1.1.251
बाह्लीकं दमनं चैद्यं शर्यातिमजितं नलम् ॥ १.१.२५१ ॥
Bāhlīka, Damana, Caidya, Śaryāti, the unconquered Ajita, and Nala.
1.1.252
विश्वामित्रममित्रघ्नमम्बरीषं महाबलम् ।
मरुत्तं मनुमिक्ष्वाकुं गयं भरतमेव च ॥ १.१.२५२ ॥
Viśvāmitra, the enemy-slayer Ambarīṣa of great strength, Marutta, Manu, Ikṣvāku, Gaya, and Bharata.
1.1.253
रामं दाशरथिं चैव शशबिन्दुं भगीरथम् ।
कृतवीर्यं महाभागं तथैव जनमेजयम् ॥ १.१.२५३ ॥
Rāma, son of Daśaratha, Śaśabindu, Bhagīratha, the greatly fortunate Kṛtavīrya, and likewise Janamejaya.
1.1.254
ययातिं शुभकर्माणं देवैर्यो याजितः स्वयम् ।
चैत्ययूपाङ्किता भूमिर्यस्येयं सवनाकरा ॥ १.१.२५४ ॥
Yayāti, of virtuous deeds, whom the gods themselves made perform sacrifice, and whose earth is marked with sacrificial posts and is a mine of soma-rites.
1.1.255
इति राज्ञां चतुर्विंशन्नारदेन सुरर्षिणा ।
पुत्रशोकाभितप्ताय पुरा श्वैत्याय कीर्तितम् ॥ १.१.२५५ ॥
Thus the twenty-four kings were recounted by the divine sage Nārada, long ago, to Śvaitya, who was tormented by grief for his son.
1.1.256
तेभ्यश्चान्ये गताः पूर्वं राजानो बलवत्तराः ।
महारथा महात्मानः सर्वैः समुदिता गुणैः ॥ १.१.२५६ ॥
Before them, other kings even mightier have passed away: great chariot-warriors, great-souled, endowed with all virtues.
1.1.257
पूरुः कुरुर्यदुः शूरो विष्वगश्वो महाद्युतिः ।
अणुहो युवनाश्वश्च ककुत्स्थो विक्रमी रघुः ॥ १.१.२५७ ॥
Pūru, Kuru, Yadu, the valiant Viṣvagaśva of great splendour, Aṇuha, Yuvanāśva, Kakutstha, and the valiant Raghu.
1.1.258
विजयो वीतिहोत्रोऽह्गो भवः श्वेतो बृहद्गुरुः ।
उशीनरः शतरथः कङ्को दुलिदुहो द्रुमः ॥ १.१.२५८ ॥
Vijaya, Vītihotra, Aṅga, Bhava, Śveta, Bṛhadguru, Uśīnara, Śatratha, Kaṅka, Duliduha, and Druma.
1.1.259
दम्भोद्भवः परो वेनः सगरः संकृतिर्निमिः ।
अजेयः परशुः पुण्ड्रः शंभुर्देवावृधोऽनघः ॥ १.१.२५९ ॥
Dambhodbhava, the supreme Vena, Sagara, Saṅkṛti, Nimi, the invincible Paraśu, Puṇḍra, Śambhu, Devāvṛdha, and the sinless Anagha.
1.1.260
देवाह्वयः सुप्रतिमः सुप्रतीको बृहद्रथः ।
महोत्साहो विनीतात्मा सुक्रतुर्नैषधो नलः ॥ १.१.२६० ॥
Devāhvaya, Supratima, Supratīka, Bṛhadratha, Mahotsāha of disciplined self, Sukratu, and Nala of the Naiṣadha line.
1.1.261
सत्यव्रतः शान्तभयः सुमित्रः सुबलः प्रभुः ।
जानुजङ्घोऽनरण्योऽर्कः प्रियभृत्यः शुचिव्रतः ॥ १.१.२६१ ॥
Satyavrata, Śāntabhaya, Sumitra, Subala, the lord Jānujaṅgha, Anaraṇya, Arka, Priyabhṛtya, and Śucivrata.
1.1.262
बलबन्धुर्निरामर्दः केतुशृङ्गो बृहद्बलः ।
धृष्टकेतुर्बृहत्केतुर्दीप्तकेतुर्निरामयः ॥ १.१.२६२ ॥
Balabandhu, Nirāmarda, Ketuśṛṅga, Bṛhadbala, Dhṛṣṭaketu, Bṛhatketu, Dīptaketu and Nirāmaya.
1.1.263
अविक्षिच्चपलो धूर्तः कृतबन्धुर्दृढेषुधिः ।
महापुराणसंभाव्यः प्रत्यङ्गः परहा श्रुतिः ॥ १.१.२६३ ॥
Avikṣit, Capala, Dhūrta, Kṛtabandhu, Dṛḍheṣudhi, Mahāpurāṇasaṃbhāvya, Pratyaṅga, Parahā and Śruti.
1.1.264
एते चान्ये च राजानः शतशोऽथ सहस्रशः ।
श्रूयन्ते शतशश्चान्ये सङ्ख्याताश्चैव पद्मशः ॥ १.१.२६४ ॥
These and other kings, hundreds and thousands of them; other hundreds are heard of, and others are counted by the tens of millions.
1.1.265
हित्वा सुविपुलान्भोगान्बुद्धिमन्तो महाबलाः ।
राजानो निधनं प्राप्तास्तव पुत्रैर्महत्तरः ॥ १.१.२६५ ॥
Having abandoned their vast enjoyments, the wise and mighty kings met death on a great scale at the hands of your sons.
1.1.266
येषां दिव्यानि कर्माणि विक्रमस्त्याग एव च ।
माहात्म्यमपि चास्तिक्यं सत्यं शौचं दयाऽर्जवम् ॥ १.१.२६६ ॥
Whose deeds were divine, whose valor and renunciation, greatness, faith, truth, purity, compassion and uprightness were all present.
1.1.267
विद्वद्भिः कथ्यते लोके पुराणैः कविसत्तमैः ।
सर्वर्द्धिगुणसंपन्नास्ते चापि निधनं गताः ॥ १.१.२६७ ॥
They are spoken of in the world by scholars, by the Purāṇas and by the finest poets; endowed with every prosperity and virtue, they too have gone to death.
1.1.268
तव पुत्रा दुरात्मानः प्रतप्ताश्चैव मन्युना ।
लुब्धा दुर्वृत्तभूयिष्ठा न ताञ्छोचितुमर्हसि ॥ १.१.२६८ ॥
Your sons were evil-minded, tormented by anger, greedy, and mostly of wicked conduct; you ought not to grieve for them.
1.1.269
श्रुतवानसि मेधावी बुद्धिमान्प्राज्ञसंमतः ।
येषां शास्त्रानुगा बुद्धिर्न ते मुह्यन्ति भारत ॥ १.१.२६९ ॥
You are learned, intelligent, wise, and esteemed by the wise; O Bhārata, those whose intellect follows the scriptures are not bewildered.
1.1.270
निग्रहानुग्रहौ चापि विदितौ ते नराधिप ।
नात्यन्तमेवानुवृत्तिः कार्या ते पुत्ररक्षणे ॥ १.१.२७० ॥
O lord of men, you know both punishment and favour; in protecting your sons you should not indulge excessively.
1.1.271
भवितव्यं तथा तच्च नानुशोचितुमर्हसि ।
दैवं पुरुषकारेण को निवर्तितुमर्हति ॥ १.१.२७१ ॥
What was bound to happen has happened, so you ought not to grieve; who is able to turn back fate by human effort?
1.1.272
विधातृविहितं मार्गं न कश्चिदतिवर्तते ।
कालमूलमिदं सर्वं भावाभावौ सुखासुखे ॥ १.१.२७२ ॥
No one transgresses the path ordained by the Creator; all this is rooted in time — existence and non-existence, pleasure and pain.
1.1.273
कालः सृजति भूतानि कालः संहरते प्रजाः ।
संहरन्तं प्रजाः कालं कालः शमयते पुनः ॥ १.१.२७३ ॥
Time creates beings, time destroys creatures; and time again pacifies time when it destroys.
1.1.274
कालो विकुरुते भावान्सर्वांल्लोके शुभाशुभान् ।
कालः संक्षिपते सर्वाः प्रजा विसृजते पुनः ॥ १.१.२७४ ॥
Time alters all states in the world, both auspicious and inauspicious; time gathers in all creatures and then sends them forth again.
1.1.275
कालः सुप्तेषु जागर्ति कालो हि दुरतिक्रमः ।
कालः सर्वेषु भूतेषु चरत्यविधतः समः ॥ १.१.२७५ ॥
Time stays awake among those who sleep; time is indeed hard to overcome. Time moves among all beings equally, without any ordering.
1.1.276
अतीतानागता भावा ये च वर्तन्ति सांप्रतम् ।
तान्कालनिर्मितान्बुद्ध्वा न संज्ञां हातुमर्हसि ॥ १.१.२७६ ॥
Knowing that the states past, future, and present are all created by time, you ought not to abandon your composure.
1.1.277
इत्येवं पुत्रशोकार्तं धृतराष्ट्रं जनेश्वरम् ।
आश्वास्य स्वस्थमकरोत्सूतो गावल्गणिस्तदा ॥ १.१.२७७ ॥
Thus, having consoled Dhṛtarāṣṭra, lord of the people, who was afflicted by grief for his sons, the charioteer Gāvalgaṇi then restored him to composure.
1.1.278
धृतराष्ट्रोऽपि तच्छ्रुत्वा धृतिमेव समाश्रयत् ।
दिष्ट्येदमागतमिति मत्त्वा स प्राज्ञसत्तमः ॥ १.१.२७८ ॥
Dhṛtarāṣṭra too, having heard this, took refuge in steadfastness alone; thinking that this had come by fate, he, best of the wise, held firm.
1.1.279
लोकानां च हितार्थाय कारुण्यान्मुनिसत्तमः ।
अत्रोपनिषदं पुण्यां कृष्णद्वैपायनोऽब्रवीत् ॥ १.१.२७९ ॥
Out of compassion, for the welfare of the worlds, the best of sages Kṛṣṇa Dvaipāyana here spoke this sacred upaniṣad.
1.1.280
विद्वद्भिः कथ्यते लोके पुराणे कविसत्तमैः ।
भारताध्ययनं पुण्यमपि पादमधीयतः।
श्रद्दधानस्य पूयन्ते सर्वपापान्यशेषतः ॥ १.१.२८० ॥
In the world, the learned say, as the best of poets have declared in the Purāṇa: the study of the Bhārata is meritorious. For one who studies even a quarter of it with faith, all sins are wholly purified.
1.1.281
देवा देवर्षयो ह्यत्र तथा ब्रह्मर्षयोऽमलाः ।
कीर्त्यन्ते शुमकर्माणस्तथा यक्षा महोरगाः ॥ १.१.२८१ ॥
Here the gods, the divine sages, and the stainless brahmarshis are celebrated; and the yakshas and great serpents of auspicious deeds are celebrated as well.
1.1.282
भगवान्वासुदेवश्च कीर्त्यतेऽत्र सनातनः ।
स हि सत्यमृतं चैव पवित्रं पुण्यमेव च ॥ १.१.२८२ ॥
Here the eternal blessed Vāsudeva is celebrated. He indeed is truth and right order, pure and meritorious in essence.
1.1.283
शाश्वतं ब्रह्म परमं ध्रुवं ज्योतिः सनातनम् ।
यस्य दिव्यानि कर्माणि कथन्ति मनीषिणः ॥ १.१.२८३ ॥
Brahman is the everlasting, supreme, steadfast, eternal light; the wise recount its divine deeds.
1.1.284
असत्सत्सदसच्चैव यस्माद्विश्वं प्रवर्तते ।
सन्ततिश्च प्रवृत्तिश्च जन्ममृत्युपुनर्भवाः ॥ १.१.२८४ ॥
From whom the universe proceeds—non-being, being, and both being and non-being—and from whom come continuity, activity, birth, death and rebirth.
1.1.285
अध्यात्मं श्रूयतें यत्र पञ्चभूतगुणात्मकम् ।
अव्यक्तादि परं यच्च स एव परिगीयते ॥ १.१.२८५ ॥
Where the inner doctrine composed of the qualities of the five elements is heard of, and the supreme beyond the unmanifest and the rest—it is He who is sung of.
1.1.286
यं ध्यायन्ति सदा मुक्ता ध्यानयोगबलान्विताः ।
प्रतिबिम्बमिवादर्शे पश्यन्त्यात्मन्यवस्थितम् ॥ १.१.२८६ ॥
Those who are liberated, endowed with the strength of meditative yoga, always meditate on him, and see him abiding in the self like a reflection in a mirror.
1.1.287
श्रद्दधानः सदा युक्तः सदा धर्मपरायणः ।
आसेवन्निममध्यायं नरः पापात्प्रमुच्यते ॥ १.१.२८७ ॥
A man full of faith, always self-controlled and always intent on dharma, who studies this chapter, is freed from sin.
1.1.288
अनुक्रमणिकाध्यायं भारतस्येममादितः ।
आस्तिकः सततं शृण्वन्न कृच्छ्रेष्ववसीदति ॥ १.१.२८८ ॥
A believer who constantly hears this chapter, the index of the Mahābhārata, from the beginning, does not sink in difficulties.
1.1.289
उभे सन्ध्ये जपन्किंचित्सद्यो मुच्येत किल्बिषात् ।
अनुक्रमण्या यावत्स्यादह्नारात्र्या च संचितम् ॥ १.१.२८९ ॥
By reciting some of the index at both twilights, one is at once freed from the sin accumulated by day and by night.
1.1.290
भारतस्य वपुर्ह्येतत्सत्यं चामृतमेव च ।
नवनीतं यथा दध्नो द्विपदां ब्राह्मणो यथा ॥ १.१.२९० ॥
This indeed is the body of the Mahābhārata, truth and nectar, as butter is of curds, and as the brahmin is among bipeds.
1.1.291
आरण्यकं च वेदेभ्य ओषधिभ्योऽमृतं यथा ।
ह्रदानामुदधिः श्रेष्ठो गौर्वरिष्ठा चतुष्पदाम् ॥ १.१.२९१ ॥
As the Āraṇyaka is among the Vedas, and nectar among herbs, and the ocean is best among lakes, so the cow is best among quadrupeds.
1.1.292
यथैतानीतिहासानां तथा भारतमुच्यते ।
यश्चैनं श्रावयेच्छ्राद्धे ब्राह्मणान्पादमन्ततः ॥ १.१.२९२ ॥
Just as these are called histories, so the Bhārata is called. He who causes even a quarter of it to be recited to brahmins at a śrāddha rite.
1.1.293
अक्षय्यमन्नपानं वै पितृंस्तस्योपतिष्ठते ।
इतिहासपुराणाभ्यां वेदं समुपबृंहयेत् ॥ १.१.२९३ ॥
For his ancestors an imperishable food and drink come to attend upon him. One should amplify the Veda fully by means of the histories and the Purāṇas.
1.1.294
बिभेत्यल्पश्रुताद्वेदो मामयं प्रतरिष्यति ।
कार्ष्णं वेदमिमं विद्वाञ्श्रावयित्वार्थमश्नुते ॥ १.१.२९४ ॥
The Veda fears one of little learning, thinking: 'This one will surpass me.' The learned man who causes this Kṛṣṇa-Veda to be heard attains its purpose.
1.1.295
भ्रूणहत्यादिकं चापि पापं जह्यादसंशयम् ।
य इमं शुचिरध्यायं पठेत्पर्वणि पर्वणि ॥ १.१.२९५ ॥
He also surely abandons sin such as the killing of an embryo, he who, pure, recites this chapter on every parva.
1.1.296
अधीतं भारतं तेन कृत्स्नं स्यादिति मे मतिः ।
यश्चैनं शृणुयान्नित्यमार्षं श्रद्धासमन्वितः ॥ १.१.२९६ ॥
By him, it is my opinion, the entire Bhārata has been studied. And he who, endowed with faith, constantly hears this work of the seers.
1.1.297
स दीर्घमायुः कीर्तिं च स्वर्गतिं चाप्नुयान्नरः ।
एकतश्चतुरो वेदा भारतं चैतदेकतः ॥ १.१.२९७ ॥
That man attains long life, fame, and the heavenly destination. On one side are the four Vedas; on the other, this Bhārata.
1.1.298
पुरा किल सुरैः सर्वैः समेत्य तुलया धृतम् ।
चतुर्भ्यः सरहस्येभ्यो वेदेभ्यो ह्यधिकं यदा ॥ १.१.२९८ ॥
Long ago, when all the gods gathered and weighed it on a balance, it was found to be heavier than the four Vedas together with their secret teachings.
1.1.299
तदाप्रभृति लोकेऽस्मिन्महाभारतमुच्यते ।
महत्त्वे च गुरुत्वे च ध्रियमाणं यतोऽधिकम् ॥ १.१.२९९ ॥
From that time on, in this world, it has been called the Mahābhārata, because in greatness and weight it was held to be the greater.
1.1.300
महत्त्वाद्भारवत्त्वाच्च महाभारतमुच्यते ।
निरुक्तमस्य यो वेद सर्वपापैः प्रमुच्यते ॥ १.१.३०० ॥
Because of its greatness and its weight it is called the Mahābhārata. Whoever knows its etymology is freed from all sins.
1.1.301
तपो नकल्कोऽध्ययनं नकल्कः ।
स्वाभाविको वेदविधिर्नकल्कः।
प्रसह्य वित्ताहरणं नकल्क-
स्तान्येव भावोपहतानि कल्कः ॥ १.१.३०१ ॥
Asceticism is not a stain; study is not a stain; the natural Vedic rite is not a stain; seizing wealth by force is not a stain. But those same things, when corrupted by intention, become a stain.