Mahābhārata · Adhyāya 1.172
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1.172.1
न सन्तापस्त्वया कार्यः प्राकृतेनेव कर्हिचित् ।
न हि सन्तापकालोऽयं वैद्यस्य तव विद्यते ॥ १.१७२.१ ॥
You should never grieve like an ordinary person; this is not a time for grief, for you are a knowing one.
1.172.2
अवश्यं निधनं सर्वैर्गन्तव्यमिह मानवैः ।
अवश्यभाविन्यर्थे वै संतापो नेह विद्यते ॥ १.१७२.२ ॥
All human beings must certainly undergo death in this world; for a thing that must certainly come to pass, there is no grief here.
1.172.3
भार्या पुत्रोऽथ दुहिता सर्वमात्मार्थमिष्यते ।
व्यथां जहि सुबुद्ध्या त्वं स्वयं यास्यामि तत्र च ॥ १.१७२.३ ॥
Wife, son, and daughter are all held dear for one's own sake. Cast off your distress with good understanding; I myself shall go there as well.
1.172.4
एतद्धि परमं नार्याः कार्यं लोके सनातनम् ।
प्राणानपि परित्यज्य यद्भर्तुर्हितमाचरेत् ॥ १.१७२.४ ॥
This is the supreme and eternal duty of a woman in the world: to give up even her life and act for her husband's welfare.
1.172.5
तच्च तत्र कृतं कर्म तवापीदं सुखावहम् ।
भवत्यमुत्र चाक्षय्यं लोकेऽस्मिंश्च यशस्करम् ॥ १.१७२.५ ॥
That deed, done there, will bring happiness to you as well; it is imperishable in the next world and brings fame in this one.
1.172.6
एष चैव गुरुर्धर्मो यं प्रवक्ष्याम्यहं तव ।
अर्थश्च तव धर्मश्च भूयानत्र प्रदृश्यते ॥ १.१७२.६ ॥
And this is the weighty dharma that I am about to declare to you; here both your worldly good and your dharma appear to be greater.
1.172.7
यदर्थमिष्यते भार्या प्राप्तः सोऽर्थस्त्वया मयि ।
कन्या चैका कुमारश्च कृताहमनृणा त्वया ॥ १.१७२.७ ॥
The purpose for which a wife is desired, that purpose you have obtained in me. There is one daughter and one son; by you I have been freed from debt.
1.172.8
समर्थः पोषणे चासि सुतयो रक्षणे तथा ।
न त्वहं सुतयोः शक्ता तथा रक्षणपोषणे ॥ १.१७२.८ ॥
You are able in supporting, and likewise in protecting the two children; but I am not able to protect and support the two children.
1.172.9
मम हि त्वद्विहीनायाः सर्वप्राणधनेश्वर ।
कथं स्यातां सुतौ बालौ भरेयं च कथं त्वहम् ॥ १.१७२.९ ॥
O lord of all my life and wealth! Without you, how would my two young sons live, and how should I support them?
1.172.10
कथं हि विधवाऽनाथा बालपुत्रा विना त्वया ।
मिथुनं जीवयिष्यामि स्थिता साधुगते पथि ॥ १.१७२.१० ॥
How, widowed and unprotected, without you, with young sons, standing on the path of the virtuous one who has gone, shall I sustain this pair?
1.172.11
अहं कृतावलेपैश्च प्रार्थ्यमानामिमां सुताम् ।
अयुक्तैस्तव संबन्धे कथं शक्ष्यामि रक्षितुम् ॥ १.१७२.११ ॥
While arrogant men, unfit for your alliance, are seeking this daughter of mine, how shall I be able to protect her?
1.172.12
उत्सृष्टमामिषं भूमौ प्रार्थयन्ति यथा खगाः ।
प्रार्थयन्ति जनाः सर्वे पतिहीनां तथा स्त्रियम् ॥ १.१७२.१२ ॥
As birds seek meat cast upon the ground, so all people seek a woman who has no husband.
1.172.13
साऽहं विचाल्यमाना वै प्रार्थ्यमाना दुरात्मभिः ।
स्थातुं पथि न शक्ष्यामि सज्जनेष्टे द्विजोत्तम ॥ १.१७२.१३ ॥
Shaken and sought after by wicked men, I shall not be able to stand firm on the path, O dear to good people, best of the twice-born.
1.172.14
स्त्रीजन्म गर्हितं नाथ लोके दुष्टजनाकुले ।
मातापित्रोर्वशे कन्या प्रौढा भर्तृवशे तथा ॥ १.१७२.१४ ॥
O lord, in a world full of wicked people, birth as a woman is reproached. A maiden remains under the control of her mother and father, and a grown woman under the control of her husband.
1.172.15
अभावे चानयोः पुत्रे खतन्त्रा स्त्री विगर्हिता ॥ १.१७२.१५ ॥
And when these two are absent, even with a son, an independent woman is condemned.
1.172.16
अनाथत्वं स्त्रियो द्वारं दुष्टानां विवृतं हि तत् ।
वस्त्रखण्डं घृताक्तं हि यथा संकृष्यते श्वभिः ॥ १.१७२.१६ ॥
To be without a protector is an open door for the wicked to a woman, just as a piece of cloth smeared with ghee is dragged about by dogs.
1.172.17
कथं तव कुलस्यैकमिमं बालमनागसम् ।
पितृपैतामहे मार्गे नियोक्तुमहमुत्सहे ॥ १.१७२.१७ ॥
How can I dare to set this one blameless child of your family on the path of the fathers and grandfathers?
1.172.18
कथं शक्ष्यामि बालेऽस्मिन्गुणानाधातुमीप्सितान् ।
अनाथे सर्वतो लुप्ते यथा त्वं धर्मदर्शिवान् ॥ १.१७२.१८ ॥
How shall I be able to instil the desired virtues in this child, when, without a protector and ruined on every side, I am lost, as you once were one who saw dharma?
1.172.19
इमामपि च ते बालामनाथां परिभूय माम् ।
अनर्हाः प्रार्थयिष्यन्ति शूद्रा वेदश्रुतिं यथा ॥ १.१७२.१९ ॥
And this young girl of yours too, having despised me, unworthy śūdras will desire, just as they desire to hear the Veda.
1.172.20
तां चेदहं न दित्सेयं सद्गुणैरुपबृंहिताम् ।
प्रमथ्यैनां हरेयुस्ते हविर्ध्वाङ्क्षा इवाध्वरात् ॥ १.१७२.२० ॥
If I do not give her, though she is endowed with good qualities, they will forcibly seize her and carry her off, as crows carry off the oblation from the sacrifice.
1.172.21
संप्रेक्षमाणा पुत्रीं ते नानुरूपमिवात्मनः ।
अनर्हवशमापन्नामिमां चापि सुतां तव ॥ १.१७२.२१ ॥
Seeing your daughter, who is not fitting for her, fallen under the power of the unworthy, and this your daughter also.
1.172.22
अवज्ञाता च लोकेषु तथान्मानमजानती ।
अवलिप्तैरैर्ब्रह्मन्मरिष्यामि न संशयः ॥ १.१७२.२२ ॥
Despised in the worlds, not knowing myself, O Brahmin, I shall die at the hands of the arrogant—there is no doubt.
1.172.23
तौ च हीनौ मया बालौ त्वया चैव तथात्मजौ ।
विनश्येतां न सन्देहो मत्स्याविव जलक्षये ॥ १.१७२.२३ ॥
And those two young boys, deprived by me and by you likewise—your sons—will perish, as two fish when the water dries up. There is no doubt.
1.172.24
त्रितयं सर्वथाप्येवं विनशिष्यत्यसंशयम् ।
त्वया विहीनं तस्मात्त्वं मां परित्यक्तुमर्हसि ॥ १.१७२.२४ ॥
All three will surely perish in this way, without doubt. Therefore you ought to abandon me, since without you...
1.172.25
व्युष्टिरेषा परा स्त्रीणां पूर्वं भर्तुः परा गतिः ।
ननु ब्रह्मन्सपुत्राणामिति धर्मविदो विदुः ॥ १.१७२.२५ ॥
This is the supreme fortune of women; the husband is first and supreme refuge. O Brahmin, the knowers of dharma say this holds for a woman with sons.
1.172.26
अनिष्टमिह पुत्राणां विषये परिवर्तितुम् ।
हरिद्राञ्जनपुष्पादिसौमङ्गल्ययुता सती ॥ १.१७२.२६ ॥
Here, no misfortune should befall the sons; the faithful wife, adorned with the auspicious marks of turmeric, collyrium, flowers and the like.
1.172.27
मरणं याति या भर्तुस्तद्दत्तजलपायिनी ।
भर्तृपादार्पितमनाः सा याति गिरिजापदम् ॥ १.१७२.२७ ॥
She who, at her husband's death, drinks the water he gave, her mind offered at her husband's feet, goes to the abode of Girijā (Pārvatī).
1.172.28
गिराजायाः सखी भूत्वा मोदते नगकन्यया ।
मितं ददाति हि पिता मितं माता मितं सुतः ॥ १.१७२.२८ ॥
Becoming the friend of Girijā, she rejoices with the mountain-maiden. The father gives in measure, the mother gives in measure, and the son gives in measure.
1.172.29
अमितस्य हि दातारं का पतिं नाभिनन्दति ।
आश्रमाश्चाग्निसंस्कारा जपहोमव्रतानि च ॥ १.१७२.२९ ॥
What woman would not rejoice in a husband who gives without measure? Life-stages, fire-rites, recitation, oblations and vows are all fulfilled through him.
1.172.30
स्त्रीणां नैते विधातव्या विना पतिमनिन्दितम् ।
क्षमा शौचमनाहारमेतावद्विहितं स्त्रियाः ॥ १.१७२.३० ॥
Without a blameless husband, women should not undertake these. For a woman, only forbearance, purity and fasting are prescribed this much.
1.172.31
परित्यक्तः सुतश्चायं दुहितेयं तथा मया ।
बान्धवाश्च परित्यक्तास्त्वदर्थं जीवितं च मे ॥ १.१७२.३१ ॥
I have abandoned this son and this daughter too, and I have abandoned my kinsmen for your sake, and my very life.
1.172.32
यज्ञैस्तपोभिर्नियमैर्दानैश्च विविधैस्तथा ।
विशिष्यते स्त्रिया भर्तुर्नित्यं प्रियहिते स्थितिः ॥ १.१७२.३२ ॥
A woman's steadfastness, always in her husband's dear and beneficial welfare, surpasses sacrifices, austerities, vows and all kinds of gifts.
1.172.33
तदिदं यच्चिकीर्षामि धर्मं परमसंमतम् ।
इष्टं चैव हितं चैव तव चैव कुलस्य च ॥ १.१७२.३३ ॥
Therefore what I wish to do is the dharma most highly approved, desired and beneficial, both for you and for the family.
1.172.34
इष्टानि चाप्यपत्यानि द्रव्याणि सुहृदः प्रियाः ।
आपद्धर्मप्रमोक्षाय भार्या चापि सतां मतम् ॥ १.१७२.३४ ॥
Dear children, wealth and beloved friends; and the wife too, for release by the dharma of adversity, is held by the good to be sacrificed.
1.172.35
आपदर्थे धनं रक्षेद्दारान्रक्षेद्धनैरपि ।
आत्मानं सततं रक्षेद्दारैरपि धनैरपि ॥ १.१७२.३५ ॥
For the sake of adversity one should guard wealth; one should guard one's wives even with wealth; and one should always guard oneself with wives and with wealth as well.
1.172.36
दृष्टादृष्टफलार्थं हि भार्या पुत्रो धनं गृहम् ।
सर्वमेतद्विधातव्यं बुधानामेष निश्चयः ॥ १.१७२.३६ ॥
For the sake of fruits seen and unseen, wife, son, wealth and house must all be cared for; this is the settled conviction of the wise.
1.172.37
एकतो वा कुलं कृत्स्नमात्मा वा कुलवर्धनः ।
उभयोः कोधिको विद्वन्नात्मा चैवाधिकः कुलात् ॥ १.१७२.३७ ॥
On one side the whole family, on the other the self that increases the family. O learned one, of the two the self is indeed greater than the family.
1.172.38
आत्मनो विद्यमानत्वाद्भुवनानि चतुर्दश ।
विद्यन्ते द्विजशार्दूल आतमा रक्ष्यस्ततस्त्वया ॥ १.१७२.३८ ॥
Because the self exists, the fourteen worlds exist. O tiger among the twice-born, therefore the self must be protected by you.
1.172.39
आत्मन्यविद्यमाने चेदस्य नास्तीह किंचन ।
एतज्जगदिदं सर्वमात्मना न समं किल ॥ १.१७२.३९ ॥
If the self does not exist, nothing of his remains here. This entire world, truly, is not equal to the self.
1.172.40
स कुरुष्व मया कार्यं तारयात्मानमात्मना ।
अनुजानीही मामार्य सुतौ मे परिपालय ॥ १.१७२.४० ॥
Therefore, do your duty through me; save yourself by yourself. O noble one, grant me leave and protect my two sons.
1.172.41
अवध्याः स्त्रिय इत्याहुर्धर्मज्ञा धर्मनिश्चये ।
धर्मज्ञान्राक्षसानाहुर्न हन्यात्स च मामपि ॥ १.१७२.४१ ॥
The knowers of dharma, in settling dharma, say that women are not to be slain; and of the rakshasas who know dharma they say he should not slay me either.
1.172.42
निःसंशयं वधः पुंसां स्त्रीणां संशयितो वधः ।
अतो मामेव धर्मज्ञ प्रस्थापयितुमर्हसि ॥ १.१७२.४२ ॥
The killing of men is certain; the killing of women is doubtful. Therefore, O knower of dharma, you should send me alone.
1.172.43
भुक्तं प्रियाण्यवाप्तानि धर्मश्च चरितो मया ।
त्वच्छुश्रूषणसंभूता कीर्तिश्चाप्यतुला मम।
त्वत्प्रसूतिः प्रिया प्राप्ता न मां तप्स्यत्यजीवितं ॥ १.१७२.४३ ॥
I have enjoyed dear pleasures and practiced dharma; from serving you I have gained matchless fame. The beloved children born from you have been won by me; living on without you will not torment me.
1.172.44
जातपुत्रा च वृद्धा च प्रियकामा च ते सदा ।
समीक्ष्यैतदहं सर्वं व्यवसायं करोम्यतः ॥ १.१७२.४४ ॥
Sons have been born, I am aged, and I have always desired your pleasure. Having considered all this, I make this resolve.
1.172.45
उत्सृज्यापि हि मामार्य प्राप्स्यस्यन्यामपि स्त्रियम् ।
ततः प्रतिष्ठितो धर्मो भविष्यति पुनस्तव ॥ १.१७२.४५ ॥
O noble one, even having abandoned me, you will obtain another wife; then your dharma will be re-established.
1.172.46
न चाप्यधर्मः कल्याण बहुपत्नीकता नृणाम् ।
स्त्रीणामधर्मः सुमहान्भर्तुः पूर्वस्य लङ्घने ॥ १.१७२.४६ ॥
O good one, it is no sin for men to have many wives; but for women, violating the first husband is a very great sin.
1.172.47
एतत्सर्वं समीक्ष्य त्वमात्मत्यागं च गर्हितम् ।
आत्मानं तारयाद्याशु कुलं चेमौ च दारकौ ॥ १.१७२.४७ ॥
Having considered all this, abandon the reprehensible self-sacrifice; save yourself now, quickly, and the family, and these two sons.
1.172.48
एवमुक्तस्तया भर्ता तां समालिङ्ग्य भारत ।
मुमोच बाष्पं शनकैः सभार्यो भृशदुःखितः ॥ १.१७२.४८ ॥
Thus addressed by her, O Bharata, the husband embraced her and, greatly grieved, slowly shed tears, together with his wife.
1.172.49
मैवं वद त्वं कल्याणि तिष्ठ चेह सुमध्यमे ।
न तु भार्यां त्यजेत्प्राज्ञः पुत्रान्वापि कदाचन ॥ १.१७२.४९ ॥
Do not speak so, O auspicious one; stay here, O slender-waisted one. A wise man should never abandon his wife or his sons.
1.172.50
विशेषतः स्त्रियं रक्षेत्पुरुषो बुद्धिमानिह ।
त्यक्त्वा तु पुरुषो जीवेन्न हातव्यानिमान्सदा।
न वेत्ति कामं धर्मं च अर्थं मोक्षं च तत्त्वतः ॥ १.१७२.५० ॥
A wise man should especially protect his wife. A man who lives by abandoning them should never forsake these. He who does not truly know desire, duty, wealth and liberation is deluded.