Mahābhārata · Adhyāya 1.75
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1.75.1
अथ दीर्घस्य कालस्य देवयानी नृपोत्तम ।
वनं तदेव निर्याता क्रीडार्थं वरवर्णिनी ॥ १.७५.१ ॥
Then, after a long time, O best of kings, the fair-complexioned Devayānī went out to that very forest for play.
1.75.2
तेन दासीसहस्रेण सार्धं शर्मिष्ठया तदा ।
तमेव देशं संप्राप्ता यथाकामं चचार सा ॥ १.७५.२ ॥
Then, together with a thousand maidservants and with Śarmiṣṭhā, she reached that very place and roamed about as she pleased.
1.75.3
ताभिः सखीभिः सहिता सर्वाभिर्मुदिता भृशम् ।
क्रीडन्त्योऽभिरताः सर्वाः पिबन्त्यो मधुमाधवीं ॥ १.७५.३ ॥
Together with all those companions, greatly delighted, playing and absorbed in pleasure, they all drank the sweet mādhavī wine.
1.75.4
खादन्त्यो विविधान्भक्ष्यान्विदशन्त्यः फलानि च ।
पुनश्च नाडुषो राजा मृगलिप्सुर्यदृच्छया ॥ १.७५.४ ॥
Eating various foods and biting fruits, they were there; and again the king, son of Nahuṣa, seeking deer, arrived there by chance.
1.75.5
तमेव देशं संप्राप्तो जलार्थी श्रमकर्शितः ।
ददर्श देवयानीं स शर्मिष्ठां ताश्च योषितः ॥ १.७५.५ ॥
Seeking water and weakened by fatigue, he reached that very place and saw Devayānī, Śarmiṣṭhā, and those women.
1.75.6
पिबन्तीर्ललमानाश्च दिव्याभरणभूषिताः ।
आसनप्रवरे दिव्ये सर्वरत्नविभूषिते।
उपविष्टां च ददृशे देवयानीं शुचिस्मिताम् ॥ १.७५.६ ॥
Drinking and sporting, adorned with divine ornaments, they were; and he saw Devayānī, pure-smiling, seated on a supreme divine seat adorned with all jewels.
1.75.7
रूपेणाप्रतिमां तासां स्त्रीणां मध्ये वराङ्गनम् ।
आसनाच्च ततः किंचिद्विहीनां हेमभीषिताम् ॥ १.७५.७ ॥
Among those women, the incomparable one in beauty, the best of women, slightly risen from her seat, adorned with gold.
1.75.8
असुरेन्द्रसुतां चापि निषण्णां चारुहासिनीम् ।
ददर्श पादौ विप्रायाः संवहन्तीमनिन्दिताम् ॥ १.७५.८ ॥
He also saw the daughter of the lord of the asuras, seated and sweetly smiling, massaging the feet of the blameless brahmin maiden.
1.75.9
गायन्त्योऽथ प्रनृत्यन्त्यो वादयन्त्योऽथ भारत ।
दृष्ट्वा ययातिमतुलं लज्जयाऽवनताः स्थिताः ॥ १.७५.९ ॥
Singing, dancing and playing instruments, O Bhārata, they saw the incomparable Yayāti and stood bowed down in shame.
1.75.10
द्वाभ्यां कन्यासहस्राभ्यां द्वे कन्ये परिवारिते ।
गोत्रे च नामनी चैव द्वयोः पृच्छाम्यहं शुभे। ॥ १.७५.१० ॥
I ask the lineage and names of the two maidens who are surrounded by two thousand maidens, O auspicious one.
1.75.11
आख्यास्याम्यहमादत्स्व वचनं मे नराधिप ।
शुक्रो नामासुरगुरुः सुतां जानीहि तस्य माम् ॥ १.७५.११ ॥
I will tell you; listen to my words, O lord of men. Know me as the daughter of Śukra, the teacher of the asuras.
1.75.12
इयं च मे सखी दासी यत्राहं तत्र गामिनी ।
दुहिता दानवेन्द्रस्य शर्मिष्ठा वृषपर्वणः ॥ १.७५.१२ ॥
This is my friend and servant, who goes wherever I go; she is Śarmiṣṭhā, daughter of Vṛṣaparvan, lord of the dānavas.
1.75.13
कथं तु ते सखी दासी कन्येयं वरवर्णिनी ।
असुरेन्द्रसुता सुभ्रूः परं कौतूहलं हि मे ॥ १.७५.१३ ॥
How is it that this fair-complexioned maiden, your friend and servant, is so? She is the daughter of the lord of the asuras, fair-browed; I am greatly curious about her.
1.75.14
नैव देवी न गन्धर्वी न यक्षी न च किन्नरी ।
नैवंरूपा मया नारी दृष्टपूर्वा महीतले ॥ १.७५.१४ ॥
She is not a goddess, nor a gandharva woman, nor a yakṣa woman, nor a kinnara woman; a woman of such a form I have never before seen on the earth.
1.75.15
श्रीरिवायतपद्माक्षी सर्वलक्षणशोभना ।
असुरेन्द्रसुता कन्या सर्वालङ्कारभूषिता ॥ १.७५.१५ ॥
She is like Śrī herself, with long lotus eyes, adorned with all auspicious marks; this maiden, the daughter of the lord of the asuras, is decked with every ornament.
1.75.16
दैवेनोपहता सुभ्रूरुताहो तपसापि वा ।
अन्यथैषाऽनवद्याङ्गी दासी नेह भविष्यति ॥ १.७५.१६ ॥
Has fate afflicted her, fair-browed one, or has it come from austerity? Otherwise this faultless-limbed woman would not be a servant here.
1.75.17
अस्या रूपेण ते रूपं न किंचित्सदृशं भवेत् ।
पुरा दुश्चरितेनेयं तव दासी भवत्यहो ॥ १.७५.१७ ॥
Your beauty could not be in the least equal to hers. Formerly, through some misconduct, she has become your servant. Alas!
1.75.18
सर्व एव नरश्रेष्ठ विधानमनुवर्तते ।
विधानविहितं मत्वा मा विचित्राः कथाःकृथाः ॥ १.७५.१८ ॥
O best of men, all beings follow what is ordained. Knowing this to be ordained by fate, do not tell strange tales.
1.75.19
राजवद्रूपवेषौ ते ब्राह्मीं वाचं बिभर्षि च ।
को नाम त्वं कुतश्चासि कस्य पुत्रश्च शस मे ॥ १.७५.१९ ॥
Your form and dress are like a king's, yet you speak the Brahmanical tongue. Who are you, whence have you come, and whose son are you? Tell me.
1.75.20
ब्रहमचर्येण वेदो मे कृत्स्रः श्रुतिपथं गतः ।
राजाहं राजपुत्रश्च ययातिरिति विश्रुतः ॥ १.७५.२० ॥
Through celibate study I have heard and learned the whole Veda. I am a king, a king's son, renowned as Yayāti.
1.75.21
केनास्यर्थेन नृपते इमं देशमुपागतः ।
जिघृक्षुर्वारिजं किंचिदथवा मृगलिप्सया ॥ १.७५.२१ ॥
O king, for what purpose have you come to this region? Desiring to take some water-born thing, or out of longing for game?
1.75.22
मृगलिप्सुरहं भद्रे पानीयार्थमुपागतः ।
बहुधाऽप्यनुयुक्तोऽस्मि तदनुज्ञातुमर्हसि ॥ १.७५.२२ ॥
O gentle lady, I came not out of desire for game but for water. I have been entreated many times; therefore you should grant me leave.
1.75.23
द्वाभ्यां कन्यासहस्राभ्यां दास्या शर्मिष्ठया सह ।
त्वदधीनाऽस्मि भद्रं ते सखा भर्ता च मे भव ॥ १.७५.२३ ॥
Together with two thousand maidens and the maidservant Śarmiṣṭhā, I am dependent on you. May good befall you; be my friend and my husband.
1.75.24
असुरेन्द्रसुतामीक्ष्य तस्यां सक्तेन चेतसा ।
शर्मिष्ठा महिषी मह्यमिति मत्वा वचोऽब्रवीत् ॥ १.७५.२४ ॥
Having seen the daughter of the lord of the asuras, his mind attached to her, thinking 'Śarmiṣṭhā shall be my chief queen,' he spoke these words.
1.75.25
विद्ध्यौशनसि भद्रं ते न त्वामर्होऽस्मि भामिनि ।
अविवाह्या हि राजानो देवयानि पितुस्तव ॥ १.७५.२५ ॥
Know this, daughter of Uśanas, may good fortune be yours: I am not fit for you, lovely one. Kings do not marry women of your father's line, Devayānī.
1.75.26
परभार्या स्वसा श्रेष्ठा सगोत्रा पतिता स्नुषा ।
अवरा भिक्षुकाऽस्वस्था अगम्याः कीर्तिता बुधैः ॥ १.७५.२६ ॥
Another's wife, a sister, a noble woman of the same lineage, a fallen woman, a daughter-in-law, a woman of lower birth, a beggar woman, and an unwell woman: these the wise declare not to be approached.
1.75.27
संसृष्टं ब्रह्मणा क्षत्रं क्षत्रेण ब्रह्म संहितम् ।
अन्यत्वमस्ति न तयोरेकान्ततरमास्थिते।
ऋषिश्चाप्यृषिपुत्रश्च नाहुषाङ्ग वहस्व माम् ॥ १.७५.२७ ॥
The warrior is mingled with the brahmin, and the brahmin is joined with the warrior; between these two there is no absolute difference. You are both a sage and the son of a sage. Son of Nahuṣa, take me.
1.75.28
एकदेहोद्भवा वर्णाश्चत्वारोऽपि वराङ्गने ।
पृथग्धर्माः पृथक्शौचास्तेषां तु ब्राह्मणो वरः ॥ १.७५.२८ ॥
Lovely woman, the four social classes arise from one body, yet their duties and their purity are distinct. Among them the brahmin is the best.
1.75.29
पाणि धर्मो नाहुषाऽयं न पुंभिः सेवितः पुरा ।
तं मे त्वमग्रहीरग्रे वृणोमि त्वामहं ततः ॥ १.७५.२९ ॥
Son of Nahuṣa, this law of the hand was not observed by men before. You took my hand first, so I now choose you.
1.75.30
कथं नु मे मनस्विन्याः पाणिमन्यः पुमान्स्पृशेत् ।
गृहीतमृषिपुत्रेण स्वयं वाप्यृषिणा त्वया ॥ १.७५.३० ॥
How then could another man touch the hand of a proud woman, when it has been taken by a sage's son, or by you yourself, who are a sage?
1.75.31
क्रुद्धादाशीविषात्सर्पाज्ज्वलनात्सर्वतोमुखात् ।
दुराधर्षतरो विप्रो ज्ञेयः पुंसा विजानता ॥ १.७५.३१ ॥
A brahmin is harder to overcome than an angry venomous snake or all-consuming fire; a wise man should know this.
1.75.32
कथमाशीविषात्सर्पाज्ज्वलनात्सर्वतोमुखात् ।
दुराधर्षतरो विप्र इत्यात्थ पुरुषर्षभ ॥ १.७५.३२ ॥
How can you say, best of men, that a brahmin is harder to overcome than a venomous snake or all-consuming fire?
1.75.33
एकमाशीविषो हन्ति शस्त्रेणैकश्च वध्यते ।
हन्ति विप्रः सराष्ट्राणि पुराण्यपि हि कोपितः ॥ १.७५.३३ ॥
A venomous snake kills one man, and by a weapon one man is slain; but an angered brahmin destroys whole realms along with their cities.
1.75.34
दुराधर्षतरो विप्रस्तस्माद्भीरु मतो मम ।
अतोऽदत्तां च पित्रा त्वां भद्रे न विवहाम्यहम् ॥ १.७५.३४ ॥
A brahmin is harder to overcome, this is my view, timid one. Therefore, gentle lady, I will not marry you, since your father did not give you to me.
1.75.35
दत्तां वहस्व तन्मा त्वं पित्रा राजन्वृतो मया ।
आयचतो भयं नास्ति दत्तां च प्रतिगृह्णतः ॥ १.७५.३५ ॥
King, marry me as my father has given me; I have chosen you myself. The one who asks has no fear, and neither has the one who accepts a gift.
1.75.36
तिष्ठ राजन्मुहूर्तं च प्रेषयिष्याम्यहं पितुः ।
गच्छ त्वं धात्रिके शीघ्रं ब्रह्मकल्पमिहानय।
स्वयंवरे वृतं शीघ्रं निवेदय च नाहुषम् ॥ १.७५.३६ ॥
King, wait a moment; I will send a messenger to my father. Nurse, go quickly and bring here a man like a brahmin. Quickly report to Nahuṣa's son, whom I have chosen at the self-choice ceremony.
1.75.37
त्वरितं देवयान्याथ संदिष्टं पितुरात्मनः ।
सर्वं निवेदयामास धात्री तस्मै यथातथम् ॥ १.७५.३७ ॥
Then Devayānī quickly told what her father had instructed, and the nurse reported all of it to him exactly as it was.
1.75.38
श्रुत्वैव च स राजानं दर्शयामास भार्गवः ।
दृष्ट्वैव चागतं शुक्रं ययातिः पृथिवीपतिः।
ववन्दे ब्राह्मणं काव्यं प्राञ्जलिः प्रणतः स्थितः ॥ १.७५.३८ ॥
As soon as he heard this, Bhārgava showed the king in. Seeing Śukra arrive, King Yayāti, lord of the earth, bowed to the brahmin Kāvya and stood with folded hands, bowed low.
1.75.39
राजायं नाहुषस्तात दुर्गमे पाणिमग्रहीत् ।
नान्यपूर्वगृहीतं मे तेनाहमभया कृता।
नमस्ते देहि मामस्मै लोके नान्यं पतिं वृणे ॥ १.७५.३९ ॥
Father, this king, the son of Nahuṣa, took my hand in a difficult situation. No one had taken my hand before, and he has made me fearless. Homage to you; give me to him. In this world I choose no other husband.
1.75.40
अन्यो धर्मः प्रियस्त्वन्यो वृतस्ते नाहुषः पतिः ।
कचशापात्त्वया पूर्वं नान्यद्भवितुमर्हति ॥ १.७५.४० ॥
One duty is dear, another is different; you have chosen Nahuṣa's son as husband. Because of Kaca's curse, it is not fitting for you to have any other husband first.
1.75.41
वृतोऽनया पतिर्वीर सुतया त्वं ममेष्टया ।
स्वयं ग्रहे महान्दोषो ब्राह्मण्या वर्णसंकरात्।
गृहाणेमां मया दत्तां महिषीं नहुषात्मज ॥ १.७५.४१ ॥
Hero, my beloved daughter has chosen this husband. For a brahmin woman to choose her own husband is a great fault, a mixing of the castes. Son of Nahuṣa, accept this queen given by me.
1.75.42
अधर्मो न स्पृशेदेष महान्मामिह भार्गव ।
वर्णसंकरजो ब्रह्मन्निति त्वां प्रवृणोम्यहम् ॥ १.७५.४२ ॥
O Bhārgava, let this great unrighteousness not touch me here. O Brahmin, born of the mixing of classes, I choose you thus.
1.75.43
अधर्मात्त्वां विमुञ्चामि शृणु त्वं वरमीप्सितम् ।
अस्मिन्विवाहे मा म्लासीरहं पापं नुदामि ते ॥ १.७५.४३ ॥
I release you from unrighteousness. Listen to the boon you desire. Do not be troubled in this marriage; I remove your sin.
1.75.44
वहस्व भार्यां धर्मेण देवयानीं सुमध्यमाम् ।
अनया सह संप्रीतिमतुलां समवाप्नुहि ॥ १.७५.४४ ॥
Take Devayānī, the slender-waisted, as your wife according to dharma; with her you shall attain incomparable affection.
1.75.45
इयं चापि कुमारी ते शर्मिष्ठा वार्षपर्वणी ।
संपूज्या सततं राजन्मा चैनां शयने ह्वयेः ॥ १.७५.४५ ॥
O king, this maiden Śarmiṣṭhā, daughter of Vṛṣaparvan, must always be honored by you; do not call her to your bed.
1.75.46
रहस्येनां समाहूय न वदेर्न च संस्पृशेः ।
वहस्व भार्यां भद्रं ते यथा काममवाप्स्यसि ॥ १.७५.४६ ॥
Do not summon her in private to speak with her, nor touch her. Take her as your wife; may good befall you, and you will obtain your desire.
1.75.47
एवमुक्तो ययातिस्तु शुक्रं कृत्वा प्रदक्षिणम् ।
शास्त्रोक्तविधिना राजा विवाहमकरोच्छुभम् ॥ १.७५.४७ ॥
Thus addressed, King Yayāti circumambulated Śukra and, by the rite prescribed in the scriptures, performed the auspicious marriage.
1.75.48
लब्ध्वा शुक्रान्महद्वित्तं देवयानीं तदोत्तमाम् ।
द्विसहस्रेण कन्यानां तथा शर्मिष्ठया सह ॥ १.७५.४८ ॥
Having obtained from Śukra great wealth and the excellent Devayānī, together with two thousand maidens and likewise Śarmiṣṭhā.
1.75.49
संपूजितश्च शुक्रेण दैत्यैश्च नृपसत्तमः ।
जगाम स्वपुरं हृष्टोऽनुज्ञातोऽथ महात्मना ॥ १.७५.४९ ॥
Honored by Śukra and by the Daityas, that best of kings, having been given leave by the great-souled one, joyfully went to his own city.