Mahābhārata · Adhyāya 1.84
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1.84.1
यदाऽवसो नन्दने कामरूपी ।
संवत्सराणामयुतं शतानाम्।
किं कारणं कार्तयुगप्रधान ।
हित्वा च त्वं वसुधामन्वपद्यः ॥ १.८४.१ ॥
O foremost king of the Kṛta age, when you dwelt in Nandana, able to take any form at will, for thousands upon thousands of years, what was the reason you left it and returned to the earth?
1.84.2
ज्ञातिः सुहृत्स्वजनो वा यथेह ।
क्षीणे वित्ते त्यज्यते मानवैर्हि।
तथा तत्र क्षीणपुण्यं मनुष्यं ।
त्यजन्ति सद्यः सेश्वरा देवसङ्घाः ॥ १.८४.२ ॥
Just as here, when wealth is spent, men abandon their kinsmen, friends and own people, so there, when merit is exhausted, the assemblies of gods, together with their lords, abandon that man at once.
1.84.3
तस्मिन्कथं क्षीणपुण्या भवन्ति ।
संमुह्यते मेऽत्र मनोऽतिमात्रम्।
किं वा विशिष्टाः कस्य धामोपयान्ति ।
तद्वै ब्रूहि क्षेत्रवित्त्वं मतो मे ॥ १.८४.३ ॥
How do those whose merit is spent become so there? My mind is greatly bewildered here. Or to whose abode do those distinguished ones go? Tell me that, for I hold you to be a knower of the field.
1.84.4
इमं भौमं नरकं ते पतन्ति ।
ललाप्यमाना नरदेव सर्वे।
ते कङ्कगोमायुबलाशनार्थे ।
क्षीणे पुण्ये बहुधा प्रव्रजन्ति ॥ १.८४.४ ॥
O lord of men, all of them, lamenting, fall into this earthly hell; when merit is spent, they wander in many ways, to become food for vultures and jackals.
1.84.5
तस्मादेतद्वर्जनीयं नरेन्द्र ।
दुष्टं लोके गर्हणीयं च कर्म।
आख्यातं ते पार्थिव सर्वमेव ।
भूयश्चेदानीं वद किं ते वदामि ॥ १.८४.५ ॥
Therefore, O lord of men, this wicked and blameworthy action in the world must be shunned. O king, I have told you everything; now tell me, what more shall I say to you?
1.84.6
यदा तु तान्वितुदन्ते वयांसि ।
तथा गृध्राः शितिकण्ठाः पतङ्गाः।
कथं भवन्ति कथमाभवन्ति ।
न भौममन्यं नरकं शृणोमि ॥ १.८४.६ ॥
When birds tear at them, and vultures, blue-throated birds and flying creatures (tear at them), how do they become, how do they arise? I hear of no other hell than this earthly hell.
1.84.7
ऊर्ध्वं देहात्कर्मणो जृम्भमाणा-
द्व्यक्तं पृथिव्यामनुसंचरन्ति।
इमं भौमं नरकं ते पतन्ति ।
नावेक्षन्ते वर्षपूगाननेकान् ॥ १.८४.७ ॥
Rising up from the body, swollen by their deeds, they clearly wander on the earth. They fall into this earthly hell and do not await many years.
1.84.8
षष्टिं सहस्राणि पतन्ति व्योम्नि ।
तथा अशीतिं परिवत्सराणि।
तान्वै तुदन्ति पततः प्रपातं ।
भीमा भौमा राक्षसास्तीक्ष्णदंष्ट्राः ॥ १.८४.८ ॥
They fall through the sky for sixty thousand, and likewise eighty years. As they fall, terrible earthly demons with sharp fangs indeed torment them.
1.84.9
यदेनसस्ते पततस्तुदन्ति ।
भीमा भौमा राक्षसास्तीक्ष्णदंष्ट्राः।
कथं भवन्ति कथमाभवन्ति ।
कथंभूता गर्भभूता भवन्ति ॥ १.८४.९ ॥
As they fall from their sins, terrible earthly demons with sharp fangs torment them. How do they become, how do they arise, of what form are they, and how do they come to be in the form of embryos?
1.84.10
अस्रं रेतः पुष्पफलानुपृक्त-
मन्वेति तद्वै पुरुषेण सृष्टम्।
स वै तस्या रज आपद्यते वै ।
स गर्भभूतः समुपैति तत्र ॥ १.८४.१० ॥
Blood and seed, mingled with the essences of flower and fruit, follow what the man has emitted. It indeed enters her menstrual blood; having become an embryo, it gathers together there.
1.84.11
वनस्पतीनोषधीश्चाविशन्ति ।
आपो वायुं पृथिवीं चान्तरिक्षम्।
चतुष्पदं द्विपदं चाति सर्व-
मेवंभूता गर्भभूता भवन्ति ॥ १.८४.११ ॥
They enter trees and herbs, and waters, air, earth and the atmosphere, four-footed and two-footed creatures, and all things; thus being, they become embryos.
1.84.12
अन्यद्वपुर्विदधातीह गर्भ-
मुताहोस्वित्स्वेन कायेन याति।
आपद्यमानो नरयोनिमेता-
माचक्ष्व मे संशयात्प्रब्रवीमि ॥ १.८४.१२ ॥
Does the embryo here take on another body, or does it go with its own body? As it enters this human womb, explain it to me; I ask out of doubt.
1.84.13
शरीरदेहातिसमुच्छ्रयं च ।
चक्षुःश्रोत्रे लभते केन संज्ञाम्।
एतत्तत्त्वं सर्वमाचक्ष्व पृष्टः ।
क्षेत्रज्ञं त्वां तात मन्याम सर्वे ॥ १.८४.१३ ॥
By what does the body, the bodily frame and its growth, and the eyes and ears obtain consciousness? Being asked, explain this whole truth to me. Dear sir, we all consider you a knower of the field.
1.84.14
वायुः समुत्कर्षति गर्भयोनि-
मृतौ रेतः पुष्पफलानुपृक्तम्।
स तत्र तन्मात्रकृताधिकारः ।
क्रमेण संवर्धयतीह गर्भम् ॥ १.८४.१४ ॥
At the proper season the wind carries upward the seed mixed with flower and fruit into the womb; there, holding authority over those subtle elements, it gradually nourishes the embryo here.
1.84.15
स जायमानो विगृहीतमात्रः ।
संज्ञामधिष्ठाय ततो मनुष्यः।
स श्रोत्राभ्यां वेदयतीह शब्दं ।
स वै रूपं पश्यति चक्षुषा च ॥ १.८४.१५ ॥
Being born, having taken on a form and established consciousness, he then becomes a human; he here perceives sound with his ears, and he sees form with his eyes.
1.84.16
घ्राणेन गन्धं जिह्वयाऽथो रसं च ।
त्वचा स्पर्शं मनसा वेदभावम्।
इत्यष्टकेहोपहितं हि विद्धि ।
महात्मनः प्राणभृतः शरीरे ॥ १.८४.१६ ॥
By the nose, smell; by the tongue, taste; by the skin, touch; by the mind, the state of knowing — know, O Aṣṭaka, that these are all established in the body of the great-souled living being.
1.84.17
यः संस्थितः पुरुषो दह्यते वा ।
निखन्यते वापि निकृष्यते वा।
अभावभूतः स विनाशमेत्य ।
केनात्मानं चेतयते परस्तात् ॥ १.८४.१७ ॥
That person who exists, when he is burned, or buried, or dragged away, becomes non-existent and reaches destruction — then by what does he perceive his self from the beyond?
1.84.18
हित्वा सोऽसून्सुप्तवन्निष्टनित्वा ।
पुरोधाय सुकृतं दुष्कृतं वा।
अन्यां योनिं पवनाग्रानुसारी ।
हित्वा देहं भजते राजसिंह ॥ १.८४.१८ ॥
Having abandoned the breaths and groaned as one asleep, placing his good or bad deeds before him and following the foremost of the winds, he leaves the body and attains another womb, O lion among kings.
1.84.19
पुण्यां योनिं पुण्यकृतो व्रजन्ति ।
पापां योनिं पापकृतो व्रजन्ति।
कीटाः पतङ्गाश्च भवन्ति पापा ।
न मे विवक्षास्ति महानुभाव ॥ १.८४.१९ ॥
Those who do meritorious deeds go to a meritorious womb, and those who do sinful deeds go to a sinful womb; worms and moths too become sinful beings. O great-souled one, I have no further desire to speak.
1.84.20
चतुष्पदा द्विपदाः षट्पदाश्च ।
तथाभूता गर्भभूता भवन्ति।
आख्यातमेतन्निखिलेन सर्वं ।
भूयस्तु किं पृच्छसि राजसिंह ॥ १.८४.२० ॥
Four-footed, two-footed and six-footed creatures too, of such a nature, become born from the womb. All of this has been declared completely; why, O lion among kings, do you ask still more?
1.84.21
किंस्वित्कृत्वा लभते तात लोका-
न्मर्त्यः श्रेष्ठांस्तपसा विद्यया च।
तन्मे पृष्टः शंस सर्वं यथाव-
च्छुभाँल्लोकान्येन गच्छेत्क्रमेण ॥ १.८४.२१ ॥
Dear one, by doing what does a mortal obtain the best worlds through austerity and knowledge? Asked by you, tell me all of it correctly, in what order one might go to the auspicious worlds.
1.84.22
पुंसः सदैवेति वदन्ति सन्तः ॥ १.८४.२२ ॥
Thus the good always speak of a man.
1.84.23
अधीयानः पण्डितंमन्यमानो ।
यो विद्यया हन्ति यशः परेषाम्।
तस्यान्तवन्तश्च भवन्ति लोका ।
न चास्य तद्ब्रह्म फलं ददाति ॥ १.८४.२३ ॥
He who, studying and thinking himself learned, destroys the fame of others through his learning, his worlds become perishable, and that sacred knowledge gives him no fruit.
1.84.24
चत्वारि कर्माण्यभयङ्कराणि ।
भयं प्रयच्छन्त्ययथाकृतानि।
मानाग्निहोत्रमुत मानमौनं ।
मानेनाधीतमुत मानयज्ञः ॥ १.८४.२४ ॥
Four deeds bring fear, and when done improperly they bestow fear: the fire-offering for pride, silence for pride, study out of pride, and sacrifice for pride.
1.84.25
न मानमान्यो मुदमाददीत ।
न सन्तापं प्राप्नुयाच्चावमानात्।
सन्तः सतः पूजयन्तीह लोके ।
नासाधवः साधुबुद्धिं लभन्ते ॥ १.८४.२५ ॥
One deserving honor should not rejoice in honor, nor suffer distress from dishonor. In this world the good honor the good; the wicked do not obtain a good mind.
1.84.26
इति दद्यामिति यज इत्यदीय इति व्रतम् ।
इत्येतानि भयान्याहुस्तानि वर्ज्यानि सर्वशः ॥ १.८४.२६ ॥
'I will give', 'I will sacrifice', 'I will study', 'this is my vow' — these are called fears; all of them are to be abandoned entirely.
1.84.27
ये चाश्रयं वेदयन्ते पुराणं ।
मनीषिणो मानसमार्गरुद्धम्।
तन्निःश्रेयस्तेन संयोगमेत्य ।
परां शान्तिं प्रत्युः प्रेत्य चेह ॥ १.८४.२७ ॥
The wise who teach the ancient refuge, which is blocked by the path of the mind — through it, joined to the highest good, they attain supreme peace, both here and after death.