Mahābhārata · Adhyāya 1.85
हिन्दी · தமிழ் · తెలుగు · ಕನ್ನಡ · മലയാളം · বাংলা · मराठी · ગુજરાતી · ਪੰਜਾਬੀ · ଓଡ଼ିଆ · اردو · English · Español · Français · Deutsch · Português · Русский · 中文 · 日本語 · العربية · Bahasa Indonesia · ไทย
1.85.1
चरन्गृहस्थः कथमेति धर्मान्कथं भिक्षुः कथमाचार्यकर्मा ।
वानप्रस्थः सत्पथे सन्निविष्टो
बहून्यस्मिन्संप्रति वेदयन्ति ॥ १.८५.१ ॥
How does the householder attain the dharmas? How the mendicant, and how the one whose work is teaching? The forest-dweller firmly on the true path — many now speak about this matter.
1.85.2
आहूताध्यायी गुरुकर्मस्वचोद्यः ।
पूर्वोत्थायी चरमं चोपशायी।
मृदुर्दान्तो धृतिमानप्रमत्तः ।
स्वाध्याशीलः सिध्यति ब्रह्मचारी ॥ १.८५.२ ॥
The student who studies when summoned, serves his teacher's tasks without needing urging, rises first and rests last, gentle, self-controlled, steadfast, vigilant and devoted to self-study — such a celibate student attains perfection.
1.85.3
धर्मागतं प्राप्य धनं यजेत ।
दद्यात्सदैवातिथीन्भोजयेच्च।
अनाददानश्च परैरदत्तं ।
सैषा गृहस्थोपनिषत्पुराणी ॥ १.८५.३ ॥
Having obtained wealth come by righteous means, one should perform sacrifices, always give gifts and feed guests, and accept nothing that is not given by others — this is the ancient secret teaching of the householder.
1.85.4
स्ववीर्यजीवी वृजिनान्निवृत्तो ।
दाता परेभ्यो न परोपतापी।
तादृङ्मुनिः सिद्धिमुपैति मुख्यां ।
वसन्नरण्ये नियताहारचेष्टः ॥ १.८५.४ ॥
The sage who lives by his own effort, has turned away from wrongdoing, gives to others and troubles no one, dwelling in the forest with regulated diet and conduct, attains the supreme perfection.
1.85.5
अशिल्पजीवी गुणवांश्चैव नित्यं ।
जितेन्द्रियः सर्वतो विप्रयुक्तः।
अनोकशायी लघुरल्पप्रसार-
श्चरन्देशानेकचरः स भिक्षुः ॥ १.८५.५ ॥
He who does not live by a craft, is always virtuous, has conquered his senses, is detached in every way, sleeps without a house, is light and of few wants, wandering alone through many lands — he is the mendicant.
1.85.6
रात्र्या यया वाऽभिजिताश्च लोका ।
भवन्ति कामाभिजिताः सुखाश्च।
तामेव रात्रिं प्रयतेत विद्वा-
नरण्यसंस्थो भवितुं यतात्मा ॥ १.८५.६ ॥
By the night through which worlds are conquered, or those conquered by desire become happy, for that very night the wise man should strive to become one who dwells in the forest, with a self under control.
1.85.7
दशैव पूर्वान्दश चापरांश्च ।
ज्ञातीनथात्मानमथैकविंशम्।
अरण्यवासी सुकृते दधाति ।
विमुच्यारण्ये स्वशरीरधातून् ॥ १.८५.७ ॥
Ten former ancestors and ten later descendants, then kinsmen, and himself as the twenty-first, the forest-dweller establishes in a meritorious deed, having released in the forest the elements of his own body.
1.85.8
कतिस्विदेव मुनयः कति मौनानि चाप्युत ।
भवन्तीति तदाचक्ष्व श्रोतुमिच्छामहे वयम् ॥ १.८५.८ ॥
How many sages are there, and how many silences also exist? Tell us that, we wish to hear it.
1.85.9
अरण्ये वसतो यस्य ग्रामो भवति पृष्ठतः ।
ग्रामे वा वसतोऽरण्यं स मुनिः स्याज्जनाधिप ॥ १.८५.९ ॥
For one who dwells in the forest with the village behind him, or who dwells in the village with the forest behind him, he would be a sage, O lord of men.
1.85.10
कथंस्विद्वसतोऽरण्ये ग्रामो भवति पृष्ठतः ।
ग्रामे वा वसतोऽरण्यं कथं भवति पृष्ठतः ॥ १.८५.१० ॥
How, then, is the village behind one who dwells in the forest, or how is the forest behind one who dwells in the village?
1.85.11
न ग्राम्यमुपयुञ्जीत य आरण्यो मुनिर्भवेत् ।
तथास्य वसतोऽरण्ये ग्रामो भवति पृष्ठतः ॥ १.८५.११ ॥
He who is a forest sage should not enjoy worldly village pleasures; thus, for one who dwells in the forest, the village is behind him.
1.85.12
अनग्निरनिकेतश्चाप्यगोत्रचरणो मुनिः ।
कौपीनाच्छादनं यावत्तावदिच्छेच्च चीवरम् ॥ १.८५.१२ ॥
Without fire and without a home, a sage who wanders free of lineage should desire only as much cloth as covers his loincloth.
1.85.13
यावत्प्राणाभिसन्धानं तावदिच्छेच्च भोजनम् ।
तथाऽस्य वसतो ग्रामेऽरण्यं भवति पृष्ठतः ॥ १.८५.१३ ॥
He should desire only as much food as keeps his breath going. And for one who dwells in the village in this way, the forest remains behind him.
1.85.14
यस्तु कामान्परित्यज्य त्यक्तकर्मा जितेन्द्रियः ।
आतिष्ठेच्च मुनिर्मौनं स लोके सिद्धिमाप्नुयात् ॥ १.८५.१४ ॥
But the sage who, abandoning desires and giving up action, with his senses conquered, takes up silence, attains perfection in this world.
1.85.15
धौतदन्तं कृत्तनखं सदा स्नातमलङ्कृतम् ।
असितं सितकर्माणं कस्तमर्हति नार्चितुम् ॥ १.८५.१५ ॥
Who would not honor him whose teeth are cleaned, whose nails are trimmed, who is always bathed and adorned, who is dark of complexion yet pure in his deeds?
1.85.16
तपसा कर्शितः क्षामः क्षीणमांसास्थिशोणितः ।
स च लोकमिमं जित्वा लोकं विजयते परम् ॥ १.८५.१६ ॥
Emaciated and weakened by austerity, his flesh, bone and blood wasted away, he conquers this world and conquers the supreme world.
1.85.17
यदा भवति निर्द्वन्द्वो मुनिर्मौनं समास्थितः ।
अथ लोकमिमं जित्वा लोकं विजयते परम् ॥ १.८५.१७ ॥
When the sage is free from the pairs of opposites and fully established in silence, then, having conquered this world, he conquers the supreme world.
1.85.18
आस्येन तु यदाऽहारं गोवन्मृगयते मुनिः ।
अथास्य लोकः सर्वोऽयं सोऽमृतत्वाय कल्पते ॥ १.८५.१८ ॥
When the sage seeks his food with his mouth, like a cow grazing, then this whole world of his becomes fit for immortality.
1.85.19
सामान्यधर्मः सर्वेषां क्रोधो लोभो द्रुहाऽक्षमा ।
विहाय मत्सरं शाठ्यं दर्पं दम्भं च पैशुनम्।
क्रोधं लोभं ममत्वं च यस्य नास्ति स धर्मवित् ॥ १.८५.१९ ॥
Anger, greed, malice and impatience are the common duty of all. Having abandoned envy, deceit, pride, hypocrisy and slander, he who has no anger, greed or possessiveness is the knower of dharma.
1.85.20
नित्याशनो ब्रह्मचारी गृहस्थो वनगो मुनिः ।
नाधर्ममशनात्प्राप्येत्कथं ब्रूहीह पृच्छते ॥ १.८५.२० ॥
The sage who eats daily, the celibate student, the householder and the forest-dweller: how is it that one does not gain unrighteousness from eating? Tell me, who am asking here.
1.85.21
अष्टौ ग्रासा मुनेः प्रोक्ताः षोडशारण्यवासिनः ।
द्वात्रिंशत्तु गृहस्थस्य अमितं ब्रह्मचारिणः ॥ १.८५.२१ ॥
Eight morsels are declared for the sage, sixteen for the forest-dweller, thirty-two for the householder, and unlimited for the celibate student.
1.85.22
इत्येवं कारणैर्ज्ञेयमष्टकैतच्छुभाशुभम् ॥ १.८५.२२ ॥
Thus, by these reasons, O Aṣṭaka, this good and evil is to be known.