Mahābhārata · Adhyāya 1.99
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1.99.1
राजन्सर्षपमात्राणि परच्छिद्राणि पश्यसि ।
आत्मनो बिल्वमात्राणि पश्यन्नपि न पश्यसि ॥ १.९९.१ ॥
O king, you see the faults of others as small as mustard seeds, yet you do not see your own faults, though they are as large as bilva fruits.
1.99.2
मेनका त्रिदशेष्वेव त्रिदशाश्चानु मेनकाम् ।
ममैवोद्रिच्यते जन्म दुष्यन्त तव जन्मतः ॥ १.९९.२ ॥
Menakā belongs to the gods, and the gods follow Menakā. O Dushyanta, my birth is exalted above your birth.
1.99.3
क्षितौ चरसि राजंस्त्वमन्तरिक्षे चराम्यहम् ।
आवयोरन्तरं पश्य मेरुसर्षपयोरिव ॥ १.९९.३ ॥
O king, you move upon the earth, and I move in the sky. See the difference between us, like that between Meru and a mustard seed.
1.99.4
महेन्द्रस्य कुबेरस्य यमस्य वरुणस्य च ।
भवनान्यनुसंयामि प्रभावं पश्य मे नृप ॥ १.९९.४ ॥
I visit the abodes of Mahendra, Kubera, Yama and Varuṇa. O king, behold my power.
1.99.5
पुरा नरवरः पुत्र उर्वश्यां जनितस्तदा ।
आयुर्नाम महाराज तव पूर्वपितामहः ॥ १.९९.५ ॥
Long ago, a son, best of men, was born to Urvaśī. O great king, Āyu by name, he was your remote forefather.
1.99.6
महर्षयश्च बहवः क्षत्रियाश्च परन्तपाः ।
अप्सरःसु ऋषीणां च मातृदोषो न विद्यते ॥ १.९९.६ ॥
Many great sages and warriors who scorch their foes were born of apsarases and of sages, and no fault is found in their mothers.
1.99.7
सत्यश्चापि प्रवादोऽयं प्रवक्ष्यामि च ते नृप ।
निदर्शनार्थं न द्वेषाच्छ्रुत्वा तत्क्षन्तुमर्हसि ॥ १.९९.७ ॥
This report is also true, and I shall tell it to you, O king. It is given as an example, not out of hatred; having heard it, you should forgive it.
1.99.8
विरूपो यावदादर्शे नात्मनो वीक्षते मुखम् ।
मन्यते तावदात्मानमन्येभ्यो रूपवत्तरम् ॥ १.९९.८ ॥
As long as one who is ugly does not look at his own face in a mirror, he thinks himself more handsome than others.
1.99.9
यदा तु रूपमादर्शे विरूपं सोऽभिवीक्षते ।
तदा ह्रीमांस्तु जानीयादन्तरं नेतरं जनम् ॥ १.९९.९ ॥
But when he looks in a mirror and sees his ugly form, a modest man should understand that he is no different from other people.
1.99.10
अतीव रूपसंपन्नो न कंचिदवमन्यते ।
अतीव जल्पन्दुर्वाचो भवतीह विहेतुकः ॥ १.९९.१० ॥
A man of exceeding beauty does not despise anyone; but one who speaks harsh words excessively becomes a cause of harm here.
1.99.11
पांसुपातेन हृष्यन्ति कुञ्जरा मदशालिनः ।
तथा परिवदन्नन्यान्हृष्टो भवति दुर्मतिः ॥ १.९९.११ ॥
Elephants proud in rut rejoice when dust falls upon them; so too the ill-minded man rejoices when he speaks ill of others.
1.99.12
सत्यधर्मच्युतात्पुंसः क्रुद्धादाशीविषादिव ।
सुनास्तिकोप्युद्विजते जनः किं पुनरास्तिकः ॥ १.९९.१२ ॥
People are alarmed by a man fallen from truth and dharma, as by an angry serpent; even a thorough atheist alarms people, how much more a believer?
1.99.13
स्वयमुत्पाद्य पुत्रं वै सदृशं योऽवमन्यते ।
तस्य देवाः श्रियं घ्नन्ति तत्रैनं कलिराविशेत् ॥ १.९९.१३ ॥
He who disdains a son he has begotten himself, one like himself, the gods destroy his fortune, and Kali enters into him there.
1.99.14
अभव्येऽप्यनृतेऽशुद्धे नास्तिके पापकर्मणि ।
दुराचारे कलिर्ह्याशु न कलिर्धर्मचारिषु ॥ १.९९.१४ ॥
Kali quickly enters the inauspicious, the untruthful, the impure, the unbeliever, the doer of evil deeds, and the one of bad conduct; Kali does not enter those who follow dharma.
1.99.15
मूर्खो हि जल्पतां पुंसां श्रुत्वा वाचः शुभाशुभाः ।
अशुभं वाक्यमादत्ते पुरीषमिव सूकरः ॥ १.९९.१५ ॥
A fool, hearing the good and bad words of men who speak, takes up the bad statement, as a pig takes up excrement.
1.99.16
प्राज्ञस्तु जल्पतां पुंसां श्रुत्वा वाचः शुभाशुभाः ।
गुणवद्वाक्यमादत्ते हंसः क्षीरमिवाम्भसि ॥ १.९९.१६ ॥
But the wise man, hearing the good and bad words of men who speak, takes up the virtuous statement, as a swan takes up milk in water.
1.99.17
आत्मनो दुष्टभावत्वं जानन्नीचोऽप्रसन्नधीः ।
परेषामपि जानाति स्वधर्मसदृशान्गुणान् ॥ १.९९.१७ ॥
The base man, knowing his own evil nature, with an unhappy mind, also knows the qualities of others that are like his own nature.
1.99.18
दह्यमानास्तु तीव्रेण नीचाः परयशोग्निना ।
अशक्तास्तद्गतिं गन्तुं ततो निन्दां प्रकुर्वते ॥ १.९९.१८ ॥
Burning with the fierce fire of others' fame, the base, unable to follow their path, therefore make blame.
1.99.19
अन्यान्परिवदन्साधुर्यथा हि परितप्यते ।
तथा परिवदन्नन्यान्हृष्टो भवति दुर्जनः ॥ १.९९.१९ ॥
As a good man is tormented when he speaks ill of others, so the wicked man is delighted when he speaks ill of others.
1.99.20
अपवादरता मूर्खा भवन्ति हि विशेषतः ।
नापवादरताः सन्तो भवन्ति स्म विशेषतः ॥ १.९९.२० ॥
Fools who delight in slander are especially so; good men who do not delight in slander are especially not so.
1.99.21
अभिवाद्य यथा वृद्धान्साधुर्गच्छति निर्वृतिम् ।
एवं सज्जनमाक्रुश्य मूर्खो भवति निर्वृतः ॥ १.९९.२१ ॥
As a good man attains contentment by greeting his elders respectfully, so a fool becomes contented by reviling a good man.
1.99.22
सुखं जीवन्त्यदोषज्ञा मूर्खा दोषानुदर्शिनः ।
यथा वाच्याः परैः सन्तः परानाहुस्तथाविधान् ॥ १.९९.२२ ॥
Those who know no fault live happily; fools who see faults do not. As good men are spoken of as faulty by others, so they call others such.
1.99.23
अतो हास्यतरं लोके किंचिदन्यन्न विद्यते ।
यदि दुर्जन इत्याहुः सज्जनं दुर्जनाः स्वयम् ॥ १.९९.२३ ॥
Therefore there is nothing more laughable in the world than this: that wicked men themselves call the good man wicked.
1.99.24
दारुणाल्लोकसंक्लेशाद्दुःखमाप्नोत्यसंशयम् ।
कुलवंशप्रतिष्ठां हि पितरः पुत्रमब्रुवन् ॥ १.९९.२४ ॥
From the dreadful afflictions of the world he undoubtedly suffers sorrow; for the fathers spoke to the son about the honour of family and lineage.
1.99.25
उत्तमं सर्वधर्माणां तस्मात्पुत्रं तु न त्यजेत् ।
स्वपत्नीप्रभवाँल्लब्धान्कृतान्समयवर्धितान् ॥ १.९९.२५ ॥
It is the highest of all duties; therefore one should not abandon a son: sons born of one's own wife, obtained, made, and raised over time.
1.99.26
क्रीतान्कन्यासु चोत्पन्नान्पुत्रान्वै मनुरब्रवीत् ।
ते च षड्वन्धुदायादाः षडदायादबान्धवाः ॥ १.९९.२६ ॥
Manu declared that there are sons bought, and sons begotten through daughters. They are six kinds of kin-heirs, and six kinds of kinsmen who are not heirs.
1.99.27
धर्मकृत्यवहा नॄणां मनसः प्रीतिवर्धनाः ।
त्रायन्ते नरकाज्जाताः पुत्रा धर्मप्लवाः पितॄन् ॥ १.९९.२७ ॥
Sons who bear the rites of dharma for men and increase the delight of the mind, being born, save the fathers from hell; they are boats of dharma.
1.99.28
स त्वं नृपतिशार्दूल न पुत्रं त्यक्तुमर्हसि ।
तस्मात्पुत्रं च सत्यं च पालयस्व महीपते ॥ १.९९.२८ ॥
You, tiger among kings, ought not to abandon a son. Therefore, lord of the earth, protect both the son and the truth.
1.99.29
उभयं पालयस्वैतन्नानृतं वक्तुमर्हसि ।
आत्मानं सत्यधर्मौ च पालयेथा महीपते।
नरेन्द्रसिंह कपटं न हि वोढुं त्वमर्हसि ॥ १.९९.२९ ॥
Protect both of these; it is not fitting for you to speak falsehood. Lord of the earth, protect yourself and the duty of truth. Lion among kings, it is not fitting for you to bear deceit.
1.99.30
वरं कूपशताद्वापी वरं वापीशतात्क्रतुः ।
वरं क्रतुशतात्पुत्रः सत्यं पुत्रशताद्वरम् ॥ १.९९.३० ॥
One step-well is better than a hundred wells; one sacrifice is better than a hundred step-wells; one son is better than a hundred sacrifices; truth is better than a hundred sons.
1.99.31
अश्वमेधसहस्रं च सत्यं च तुलया धृतम् ।
अश्वमेधसहस्राद्धि सत्यमेव विशिष्यते ॥ १.९९.३१ ॥
A thousand horse-sacrifices and truth were weighed on the scale; truth alone surpasses a thousand horse-sacrifices.
1.99.32
सर्ववेदाधिगमनं सर्वतीर्थावगाहनम् ।
सत्यस्यैव च राजेन्द्र कलां नार्हति षोडशीम् ॥ १.९९.३२ ॥
Mastery of all the Vedas and bathing in all the sacred fords, O lord of kings, do not equal even a sixteenth part of truth.
1.99.33
नास्ति सत्यसमो धर्मो न सत्याद्विद्यते परम् ।
न हि तीव्रतरं पापमनृतादिह विद्यते ॥ १.९९.३३ ॥
There is no dharma equal to truth, and nothing higher than truth is found; indeed, in this world no sin is more grievous than falsehood.
1.99.34
राजन्सत्यं परो धर्मः सत्याच्च समयः परः ।
मात्याक्षीः समयं राजन्सत्यं सङ्गतमस्तु ते ॥ १.९९.३४ ॥
O king, truth is the supreme dharma, and a vow is higher than truth. O king, do not abandon your vow; may truth be with you.
1.99.35
यः पापो न विजानीयात्कर्म कृत्वा नराधिप ।
न हि तादृक्परं पापमनृतादिह विद्यते ॥ १.९९.३५ ॥
O lord of men, one who commits a sinful deed without knowing it may exist; yet in this world there is no greater sin than falsehood.
1.99.36
यस्य ते हृदयं वेद सत्यस्यैवानृतस्य च ।
कल्याणावेक्षणं तस्मात्कर्तुमर्हसि धर्मतः ॥ १.९९.३६ ॥
Your heart knows both truth and falsehood; therefore you ought to act with a benevolent regard, in accordance with dharma.
1.99.37
यो न कामान्न च क्रोधान्न द्रोहादतिवर्तते ।
अमित्रं वापि मित्रं वा स एवोत्तमपूरुषः ॥ १.९९.३७ ॥
He who does not transgress (dharma) out of desire, nor out of anger, nor out of malice, whether it be an enemy or a friend — he alone is the best of men.
1.99.38
अनृतश्चेत्प्रसङ्गस्ते श्रद्दधासि न चेत्स्वयम् ।
आश्रमं गन्तुमिच्छामि त्वादृशो नास्ति सङ्गतं ॥ १.९९.३८ ॥
If your dealings with me seem false to you, or if you yourself do not believe, I wish to go to the hermitage; a union with one like you is not fitting.
1.99.39
पुत्रत्वे शङ्कमानस्य त्वं बुद्ध्या निश्चयं कुरु ।
गतिः स्वरः स्मृतिः सत्वं शीलं विद्या च विक्रमः ॥ १.९९.३९ ॥
You who doubt his sonship, be certain by reason: by gait, voice, memory, disposition, character, learning and valour.
1.99.40
धृष्णुप्रकृतिभावौ च आवर्ता रोमराजयः ।
समा यस्य यदा स्युस्ते तस्य पुत्रो न संशयः ॥ १.९९.४० ॥
Boldness and disposition, the whorls and the lines of hair — when these are alike in him as in you, he is your son, without doubt.
1.99.41
सादृश्येनोद्धऋतं बिम्बं तव देहाद्विशांपते ।
तातेति भाषमाणं वै मा स्म राजन्वृथा कृथाः ॥ १.९९.४१ ॥
O lord of men, that reflection drawn out from your own body is plain by its likeness; O king, do not vainly spurn him as he speaks the word 'father'.
1.99.42
ऋते च गर्दभीक्षीरात्पयः पास्यति मे सुतः ।
ऋतेपि त्वां च दुष्यन्त शैलराजावतंसिकाम्।
चतुरन्तामिमामुर्वीं पुत्रो मे पालयिष्यति ॥ १.९९.४२ ॥
Except for a donkey's milk, my son will not drink milk; and apart from you, O Duṣyanta, there is no other. My son will protect this four-bounded earth, the ornament of the king of mountains.
1.99.43
शकुन्तले तव सुतश्चक्रवर्ती भविष्यति ।
एवमुक्तं महेन्द्रेण भविष्यति न चान्यथा ॥ १.९९.४३ ॥
O Śakuntalā, your son will be a universal emperor. Thus has Mahendra said; it will be so, and not otherwise.
1.99.44
साक्षित्वे बहवो ह्युक्ता देवदूतादयो मया ।
न ब्रुवन्ति तथा सत्यमुताहो नानृतं किल ॥ १.९९.४४ ॥
As witnesses I have named many, such as the divine messengers; yet they do not speak thus—whether it is truth or indeed falsehood.
1.99.45
असाक्षिणी मन्दबाग्या गमिष्यामि यथागतम् ॥ १.९९.४५ ॥
Without witnesses, unfortunate as I am, I shall go away just as I came.
1.99.46
एतावदुक्त्वा वचनं प्रातिष्ठत शकुन्तला ।
तस्याः क्रोधसमुत्थोग्निः सधूमो मूर्ध्न्यदृश्यत ॥ १.९९.४६ ॥
Having spoken these words, Śakuntalā set out; and from her anger a smoky fire appeared above her head.
1.99.47
संनियम्यात्मनोऽङ्गेषु ततः क्रोधाग्निमात्मजम् ।
प्रस्थितैवानवद्याङ्गी सह पुत्रेण वै वनम् ॥ १.९९.४७ ॥
Then, restraining the fire of anger within her limbs, the faultless-limbed woman set out for the forest with her son.