Mahābhārata · Adhyāya 11.2
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11.2.1
ततोऽमृतरसैर्वाक्यैर्ह्लादयन्पुरुषर्षभम् ।
वैचित्रवीर्यं विदुरो यदुवाच निबोध तत् ॥ ११.२.१ ॥
Then Vidura, gladdening the bull among men, Vicitravīrya's son, with words sweet as nectar, spoke. Hear what he said.
11.2.2
उत्तिष्ठ राजन्किं शेषे धारयात्मानमात्मना ।
एषा वै सर्वसत्वानां लोकेश्वर परा गतिः ॥ ११.२.२ ॥
Rise up, king! Why do you lie there? Steady yourself by your own strength. O lord of the worlds, this is the highest course for all beings.
11.2.3
सर्वे क्षयान्ता निचयाः पतनान्ताः समुच्छ्रयाः ।
संयोगा विप्रयोगान्ता मरणान्तं च जीवितम् ॥ ११.२.३ ॥
All accumulations end in decay, all rises end in falling. Unions end in separation, and life ends in death.
11.2.4
यदा शूरं च भीरुं च यमः कर्षति भारत ।
तत्किं न योत्स्यन्ति हि ते क्षत्रियाः क्षत्रियर्षभ ॥ ११.२.४ ॥
O Bhārata, when Yama drags away both the brave and the coward, why should those warriors not fight? O bull among warriors!
11.2.5
अयुध्यमानो म्रियते युध्यमानश्च जीवति ।
कालं प्राप्य महाराज न कश्चिदतिवर्तते ॥ ११.२.५ ॥
He who does not fight also dies, and he who fights also lives. O great king, when time has come, no one oversteps it.
11.2.6
अभावादीनि भूतानि भावमध्यानि भारत ।
अभावनिधनान्येव तत्र का परिदेवना ॥ ११.२.६ ॥
O Bhārata, beings begin in non-existence, stand in existence in the middle, and end in non-existence. Why lament over that?
11.2.7
न शोचन्मृतमन्वेति न शोचन्म्रियते नरः ।
एवं सांसिद्धिके लोके किमर्थमनुशोचसि ॥ ११.२.७ ॥
Grieving does not follow the dead, and grieving does not keep a man from dying. Since the world is so constituted, why do you grieve?
11.2.8
कालः कर्षति भूतानि सर्वाणि विविधान्युत ।
न कालस्य प्रियः कश्चिन्न द्वेष्यः कुरुसत्तम ॥ ११.२.८ ॥
Time drags along all kinds of beings. O best of the Kurus, there is none dear to Time, and none hateful to it.
11.2.9
यथा वायुस्तृणाग्राणि संवर्तयति सर्वशः ।
तथा कालवशं यान्ति भूतानि भरतर्षभ ॥ ११.२.९ ॥
As the wind whirls the tips of grass on every side, so beings go under the power of Time, O bull of the Bharatas.
11.2.10
एकसार्थप्रयातानां सर्वेषां तत्र गामिनाम् ।
यस्य कालः स यात्यग्रे तत्र का परिदेवना ॥ ११.२.१० ॥
Of all who go together in one caravan, he whose time has come goes on ahead. What is the use of lamentation there?
11.2.11
न चाप्येतान्हतान्युद्धे राजञ्शोचितुमर्हसि ।
प्रमाणं यदि शास्त्राणि गतास्ते परमां गतिम् ॥ ११.२.११ ॥
O king, you should not grieve for these who were slain in battle. If the scriptures are authority, they have attained the highest goal.
11.2.12
सर्वे स्वाध्यायवन्तो हि सर्वे च चरितव्रताः ।
सर्वे चाभिमुखाः क्षीणास्तत्र का परिदेवना ॥ ११.२.१२ ॥
All of them were versed in the Veda, all kept their vows, and all fell facing the foe. What is the use of lamentation there?
11.2.13
अदर्शनादापतिताः पुनश्चादर्शनं गताः ।
नैते तव न तेषां त्वं तत्र का परिदेवना ॥ ११.२.१३ ॥
Having come from the unseen, they have gone back to the unseen again. These were not yours, nor are you theirs; what lamentation is there in that?
11.2.14
हतो हि लभते स्वर्गं जित्वा च लभते यशः ।
उभयं नो बहुगुणं नास्ति निष्फलता रणे ॥ ११.२.१४ ॥
The one who is slain attains heaven, and the one who conquers attains fame. Both bring us great benefit; in battle there is no fruitlessness.
11.2.15
तेषां कामदुघाँल्लोकानिन्द्रः सङ्कल्पयिष्यति ।
इन्द्रस्यातिथयो ह्येते भवन्ति भरतर्षभ ॥ ११.२.१५ ॥
For them Indra will resolve worlds that fulfil every desire. Bull of the Bharatas, these are the guests of Indra.
11.2.16
न यज्ञैर्दक्षिणावद्भिर्न तपोभिर्न विद्यया ।
स्वर्गं यान्ति तथा मर्त्या यथा शूरा रणे हताः ॥ ११.२.१६ ॥
Not by sacrifices with their fees, nor by austerities, nor by learning do mortals go to heaven as heroes slain in battle do.
11.2.17
शरीराग्निषु शूराणां जुहुवुस्ते शराहुतीः ।
हूयमानाञ्शरांश्चैव सेहुस्तेजस्विनो मिथः ॥ ११.२.१७ ॥
Into the fires of the heroes' bodies they offered oblations of arrows; and those radiant ones endured even the arrows offered in sacrifice upon one another.
11.2.18
एवं राजंस्तवाचक्षे स्वर्ग्यं पन्थानमुत्तमम् ।
न युद्धादधिकं किञ्चित्क्षत्रियस्येह विद्यते ॥ ११.२.१८ ॥
Thus, O king, I declare to you the supreme path leading to heaven. Here, for a kṣatriya, there is nothing greater than battle.
11.2.19
क्षत्रियास्ते महात्मानः शूराः समितिशोभनाः ।
आशिषः परमाः प्राप्ता न शोच्याः सर्व एव हि ॥ ११.२.१९ ॥
Those kṣatriyas were great-souled heroes, adorned in battle; they attained the supreme goal, so none of them is to be mourned.
11.2.20
आत्मानमात्मनाऽऽश्वास्य मा शुचः पुरुषर्षभ ।
नाद्य शोकाभिभूतस्त्वं कायमुत्स्रष्टुमर्हसि ॥ ११.२.२० ॥
Best of men, comfort yourself by your own self and do not grieve; overcome by sorrow, you ought not to give up your body today.
11.2.21
मातापितृसहस्राणि पुत्रदारशतानि च ।
संसारेष्वनुभूतानि कस्य ते कस्य वा वयम् ॥ ११.२.२१ ॥
In the cycles of existence thousands of mothers and fathers, hundreds of sons and wives have been experienced; whose are you, or whose are we?
11.2.22
शोकस्थानसहसाणि भयस्थानशतानि च ।
दिवसेदिवसे मूढमाविशन्ति न पण्डितम् ॥ ११.२.२२ ॥
Thousands of occasions for sorrow and hundreds of occasions for fear enter the foolish day after day, but not the wise.
11.2.23
न कालस्य प्रियः कश्चिन्न द्वेष्यः कुरुसत्तम ।
न मध्यस्थः क्वचित्कालः सर्वं कालः प्रकर्षति ॥ ११.२.२३ ॥
Best of the Kurus, none is dear to Time, nor is anyone hateful to it; Time is never neutral, Time draws everything along.
11.2.24
कालः पचति भूतानि कालः संहरते प्रजाः ।
कालः सुप्तेषु जागर्ति कालो हि दुरतिक्रमः ॥ ११.२.२४ ॥
Time ripens beings, Time withdraws creatures; among the sleeping, Time stays awake; indeed Time is hard to overcome.
11.2.25
अनित्यं यौवनं रूपं जीवितं द्रव्यसञ्चयः ।
आरोग्यं प्रियसंवासो गृद्ध्येदेषु न पण्डितः ॥ ११.२.२५ ॥
Youth, beauty, life, the gathering of wealth, health, and living with loved ones are impermanent; the wise man does not cling to these.
11.2.26
न जानपदिकं दुःखमेकः शोचितुमर्हसि ।
अप्यभावेन युज्येत तच्चास्य न निवर्तते ॥ ११.२.२६ ॥
You should not grieve alone over the sorrow of the people; what is joined to want is not turned back.
11.2.27
अशोचन्प्रतिकुर्वीत यदि पश्येत्पराक्रमम् ।
भैषज्यमेतद्दुःखस्य यदेतन्नानुचिन्तयेत् ॥ ११.२.२७ ॥
If one sees a means of valour, one should act to remedy it without grieving; this is the medicine for sorrow — not to dwell upon it again and again.
11.2.28
चिन्त्यमानं हि न व्येति भूयश्चापि प्रवर्धते ।
अनिष्टसम्प्रयोगाच्च विप्रयोगात्प्रियस्य च। ॥ ११.२.२८ ॥
Sorrow that is dwelt upon does not depart; it grows again and again, through union with what is unwanted and through separation from the beloved.
11.2.29
मानुषा मानसैर्दुःखैर्युज्यन्ते येऽल्पबुद्धयः ।
नार्थो न धर्मो न सुखं यदेतदनुशोचति। ॥ ११.२.२९ ॥
Men of little understanding are bound by mental sorrows; because they grieve over this, they gain neither wealth, nor dharma, nor happiness.
11.2.30
तच्च नाप्नोति कार्यार्थं त्रिवर्गाच्चैव भ्रश्यते ।
अन्योन्यबाधनावस्थां प्राप्य वैषयिकीं नराः। ॥ ११.२.३० ॥
They do not attain that aim, and they fall away even from the three aims of life; reaching the state of mutual obstruction born of sense-objects, men fall in this way.
11.2.31
असन्तुष्टाः प्रमुह्यन्ति सन्तोषं यान्ति पण्डिताः ।
प्रज्ञया मानसं दुःखं हन्याच्छारीरमौषधैः। ॥ ११.२.३१ ॥
The discontented are bewildered, but the wise attain contentment. One should destroy mental suffering by wisdom, and bodily suffering by medicines.
11.2.32
एतद्विज्ञानसामर्थ्यं न बालैः समतामियात् ।
शयानं चानुशेते हि तिष्ठन्तं चानुतिष्ठति। ॥ ११.२.३२ ॥
This power of understanding is not attained by the foolish. It follows the one who lies down by lying down, and the one who stands by standing.
11.2.33
अनुधावति धावन्तं कर्म पूर्वकृतं नरम् ।
यस्यांयस्यामवस्थायां यत्करोति शुभाशुभम्। ॥ ११.२.३३ ॥
Action done in the past runs after the man who runs. In whatever condition a man does whatever is good or bad,
11.2.34
तस्यांतस्यामवस्थायां तत्तत्फलमवाप्नुते ।
येनयेन शरीरेण यद्यत्कर्म करोति यः। ॥ ११.२.३४ ॥
In that very condition he obtains that very result. With whatever body a man performs whatever action,
11.2.35
तेनतेन शरीरेण तत्फलं समुपाश्नुते ।
आत्मैव ह्यात्मनः साक्षी कृतस्यापकृतस्य च ॥ ११.२.३५ ॥
With that very body he fully enjoys that result. The self itself is its own witness, of what has been done and of what has been wrongly done.
11.2.36
शुभेन कर्मणा सौख्यं दुःखं पापेन कर्मणा ।
कृतं भवति सर्वत्र नाकृतं विद्यते क्वचित् ॥ ११.२.३६ ॥
By good action comes happiness, and by sinful action suffering. What is done bears fruit everywhere; what is not done is found nowhere.
11.2.37
न हि ज्ञानविरुद्धेषु बह्वपायेषु कर्मसु ।
मूलघातिषु सज्जन्ते बुद्धिमन्तो भवद्विघाः ॥ ११.२.३७ ॥
Wise men like you do not cling to actions that are opposed to knowledge, bring many harms, and destroy the root.