Mahābhārata · Adhyāya 12.102
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12.102.1
जयिन्याः कानि रूपाणि भवन्ति भरतर्षभ ।
पृतनायाः प्रशस्तानि तानि चेच्छामि वेदितुम् ॥ १२.१०२.१ ॥
O bull of the Bharatas, what are the forms of a victorious army? I wish to know those that are auspicious for the host.
12.102.2
जयिन्या यानि रूपाणि भवन्ति भरतर्षभ ।
पृतनायाः प्रशस्तानि तानि वक्ष्यामि सर्वशः ॥ १२.१०२.२ ॥
O bull of the Bharatas, I will tell you fully those forms of a victorious army that are auspicious.
12.102.3
दैवे पूर्वं प्रकुपिते मानुषे कालचोदिते ।
तद्विद्व अऽनुपस्यन्ति ज्ञानदीर्घेण चक्षुषा ॥ १२.१०२.३ ॥
When fate has been angered beforehand and human affairs are driven by time, the wise perceive it with the long sight of knowledge.
12.102.4
प्रायश्चित्तविधिं चात्र जपहोमांश्च तद्विदः ।
मङ्गल नि च कुर्वन्ति शमयन्त्यहितानि च ॥ १२.१०२.४ ॥
Here too, those who know the rule of expiation perform recitation and fire offerings; they perform auspicious rites and pacify the inauspicious.
12.102.5
उदीणानसो योधा वाहनानि च भारत ।
यस्यां भवन्ति सेनायां ध्रुवं तस्या जयो भवेत् ॥ १२.१०२.५ ॥
O Bharata, in whatever army the warriors and their mounts are high-nosed, victory will surely be theirs.
12.102.6
अन्वेव वायवो यान्ति तथैवेन्द्रधनूंषि च ।
अनुप्लवन्ते मेघाश्च तथाऽऽदित्यस्य रश्मयः ॥ १२.१०२.६ ॥
The winds follow after, and likewise the rainbows; the clouds too float behind, and so do the rays of the sun.
12.102.7
गोमायवश्चातुलोमबला गृध्राश्च सर्वशः ।
अर्हयेयुर्यदा सेनां तदा सिद्धिरनुत्तमा ॥ १२.१०२.७ ॥
When jackals, strong hairy creatures and vultures attend upon the army on all sides, then supreme success comes.
12.102.8
प्रसन्नभाः पावकश्चोर्ध्वरश्मिः ।
प्रदक्षिणावर्तशिखो विधूमः।
पुण्या गन्धाश्चाहुतीनां भवन्ति ।
जयस्यैतद्भाविनो रूपमाहुः ॥ १२.१०२.८ ॥
When the fire is clear-flamed, with rays rising upward, its flame turning clockwise and smokeless, and the auspicious fragrance of the oblations is present, they declare this to be the sign of future victory.
12.102.9
गम्भीरशब्दाश्च महास्वनाश्च ।
शङ्ख्याश्च भेर्यश्च नदन्ति यत्र।
युयुत्सवश्चाप्रतीपा भवन्ति ।
जयस्यैतद्भाविनो रूपमाहुः ॥ १२.१०२.९ ॥
Where conches and drums roar with deep and mighty sounds, and the warriors eager for battle are not opposed, they declare this to be the sign of future victory.
12.102.10
इष्टा मृगाः पृष्ठतो वामतश्च ।
संप्रस्थितानां च गमिष्यतां च।
जिघांसतां दक्षिणाः सिद्धिमाहु ।
र्ये त्वग्रतस्ते प्रतिषेधयन्ति ॥ १२.१०२.१० ॥
Auspicious deer seen from behind and from the left, on the right of those setting out, those about to go and those desiring to strike, they declare to be success; but those that block the way in front, they declare otherwise.
12.102.11
माङ्गल्यशब्दाञ्शकुना वदन्ति ।
हंसाः क्रौञ्चाः शतपत्राश्च चाषाः।
हृष्टा योधाः सत्ववन्तो भवन्ति ।
जयस्यैतद्भाविनो रूपमाहुः ॥ १२.१०२.११ ॥
When birds such as swans, cranes, shatapatras and chashas utter auspicious cries, and the warriors are joyful and full of courage, they declare this to be the sign of future victory.
12.102.12
शस्त्रैर्यन्त्रैः कवचैः केतुभिश्च ।
सुभानुभिर्मुखवर्णैश्च यूनाम्।
भ्राजिष्मती दुष्प्रतिवीक्षणीया ।
येषां चमूस्तेऽभिभवन्ति शत्रून् ॥ १२.१०२.१२ ॥
Those whose army shines with weapons, engines, armour, banners, and the bright splendour and complexions of the young warriors, hard to look upon, overcome their enemies.
12.102.13
शुश्रूषवश्चानभिमानिनश्च ।
परस्परं सौहृदमास्थिताश्च।
येषां योधाः शौर्यमनुष्ठिताश्च ।
जयस्यैतद्भाविनो रुपमाहुः ॥ १२.१०२.१३ ॥
Those whose warriors are obedient, free from pride, bound together in mutual friendship, and practise valour: this, they say, is the sign that presages victory.
12.102.14
शब्दाः स्पर्शास्तथा गन्धा विचरन्ति मनः प्रियाः ।
धैर्यं चाविशते योधान्विजयस्य मुखं च तत् ॥ १२.१०२.१४ ॥
When pleasing sounds, touches and fragrances move about, and steadfastness enters the warriors, that is indeed the face of victory.
12.102.15
शब्दो वामः प्रस्थितस्य दक्षिणः प्रविविक्षतः ।
पश्चात्संसाधयत्यर्थं पुरस्ताच्च निषेधति ॥ १२.१०२.१५ ॥
A sound on the left of one setting out is inauspicious; a sound on the right of one about to enter is auspicious. A sound heard from behind accomplishes the aim; one heard in front forbids it.
12.102.16
संहत्य महतीं सेनां चतुरङ्गां युधिष्ठिर ।
साम्नैव वर्तयेः पूर्वं प्रसतेथास्ततो युधि ॥ १२.१०२.१६ ॥
Yudhiṣṭhira, having gathered a great four-limbed army, you should first carry things on by conciliation alone; only afterwards should you exert yourself in battle.
12.102.17
जघन्य एष विजयो यद्युद्धे सामभाषणम् ।
यादृच्छिको युधि जयो दैवेनेति विचारणम् ॥ १२.१०२.१७ ॥
A victory in battle won by conciliatory speech alone is the lowest kind; a victory won by chance in battle comes from fate—this is the thing to reflect upon.
12.102.18
आपगेव महावेगा त्रस्ता इव महामृगाः ।
दुर्निवार्यतमा चैव प्रभग्ना महती चमूः ॥ १२.१०२.१८ ॥
Like a river of great speed, like great deer in terror, the great army, most difficult to hold back, was broken.
12.102.19
भग्ना इत्येव भज्यन्ते विद्वांसोऽपि न कारणम् ।
उदारसारा महती रुरुसंघोपमा चमूः ॥ १२.१०२.१९ ॥
Men of learning too are broken by the mere words "they are broken"; that is not the cause. The great army of noble strength is like a herd of rurus.
12.102.20
परस्परज्ञाः संहृष्टास्त्यक्तप्राणाः सुनिश्चिताः ।
अपि पञ्चत्रतै शूरा निघ्नन्ति परवाहिनीम् ॥ १२.१०२.२० ॥
Warriors who know one another, rejoicing, having given up their lives, firmly resolved, even in groups of five or three, strike down the enemy's army.
12.102.21
अपि वा पञ्चषट्सप्तसंहिताः कृतनिश्चयाः ।
क्ललीनाः पूजिताः सम्यग्विजयन्तीह शात्रवान् ॥ १२.१०२.२१ ॥
Or else, united in groups of five, six or seven, resolved, hidden away, and properly honored, they conquer their enemies here.
12.102.22
सन्निपातो न मन्तव्यः शक्ये सति कथंचन ।
सान्त्वभेदप्रदानानां युद्धमुत्तरमुच्यते ॥ १२.१०२.२२ ॥
When it is possible in any way, a direct clash should not be considered. War is said to be the next recourse after conciliation, sowing discord, and gifts.
12.102.23
संसर्पेण हि सेनाया भयं भीरून्प्रबाधते ।
वज्रादिय प्रज्वलितादियं स्वित्क्षपयिष्यति ॥ १२.१०२.२३ ॥
Indeed, the fear caused by a creeping advance of the army oppresses the timid; like a thunderbolt or a blazing fire, it will surely destroy.
12.102.24
अमिप्रयातां समितिं ज्ञात्वा ये प्रतियान्त्यथ ।
तेषां सन्दन्ति गात्राणि योधानां विवयस्य च ॥ १२.१०२.२४ ॥
For those who turn back on learning that an army is advancing against them, the limbs of those warriors and of the realm itself tremble.
12.102.25
विषयो व्यथते राजन्सर्वः सस्थाणुजङ्गमः ।
अस्त्रप्रतापतप्तानां मज्जाः सीदन्ति देहिनाम् ॥ १२.१०२.२५ ॥
O king, the whole realm is distressed, with all its beings, the immobile and the mobile; the marrow of embodied beings scorched by the heat of weapons sinks away.
12.102.26
तेषां सान्त्वं क्रूरमिश्रं प्रणेतव्यं पुनः पुनः ।
संपीड्यमाना हि परैर्योगमायान्ति सर्वतः ॥ १२.१०२.२६ ॥
Toward them, soothing words mixed with firmness should be applied again and again, for pressed on every side by enemies, they come seeking alliance.
12.102.27
आन्तराणां च भेदार्थं चरानभ्यवचारयेत् ।
यश्च तस्मात्परो राजा तेन संधिः प्रशस्यते ॥ १२.१०२.२७ ॥
To split the inner enemies, spies should be dispatched; and a peace with a king stronger than oneself is commended.
12.102.28
न हि तस्यान्यथा पीडा शक्या कर्तुं तथाविधा ।
यथा सार्धममित्रेण सर्वतः प्रतिबाधनम् ॥ १२.१०२.२८ ॥
Such distress cannot be inflicted on him in any other way as it can be by joining with the enemy and harassing him on every side.
12.102.29
क्षमा वै साधुमायाति न ह्यसाधून्क्षमा सदा ।
क्षमायाश्चाक्षमायाश्च पार्थ विद्धि प्रयोजनम् ॥ १२.१०२.२९ ॥
Forbearance comes to the good; forbearance never comes to the wicked. O Pārtha, know the purpose of both forbearance and its absence.
12.102.30
विजित्य क्षममाणस्य यशो राज्ञो विवर्धते ।
महापराधे ह्यप्यस्मिन्विश्वसन्त्यपि शत्रवः ॥ १२.१०२.३० ॥
A king who forgives after victory sees his fame grow; even after a great offence, enemies come to trust him.
12.102.31
मन्यन्ते कर्षयित्वा तु क्षमा साध्वीति शाम्बराः ।
असंतप्तं तु यद्दारु प्रत्येति प्रकृतिं पुनः ॥ १२.१०२.३१ ॥
The Śāmbaras think that forgiveness wrung out by force is good; but wood that has not been heated returns again to its own nature.
12.102.32
नैतत्प्रशंसन्त्याचार्या न चैतत्साधु दर्शनम् ।
अक्रोधेनाविनाशेन नियन्तव्याः स्वपुत्रवत् ॥ १२.१०२.३२ ॥
Teachers do not praise this, and this view is not good either: one should govern subjects as one's own sons, without anger and without destruction.
12.102.33
द्वेष्यो भवति भूतानामुग्रो राजा युधिष्ठिर ।
मृदुमप्यवमन्यन्ते तस्मादुभयभाग्भवेत् ॥ १२.१०२.३३ ॥
Yudhiṣṭhira, a king who is too harsh becomes hated by beings; yet even the gentle one is despised, so a king should partake of both.
12.102.34
प्रहरिष्यन्प्रियं ब्रूयात्प्रहरन्नपि भारत ।
प्रहृत्य च प्रियं ब्रूयाच्छोचन्निव रुदन्निव ॥ १२.१०२.३४ ॥
Bharata, one who is about to strike should speak pleasant words; even while striking he should speak pleasantly; and after striking he should speak pleasantly, as if grieving or weeping.
12.102.35
न मे प्रिया ये स्म हताः संप्रहृष्टाः परेऽपि च ।
न च कत्थनमेवाग्र्यमुच्यमानं पुनः पुनः ॥ १२.१०२.३५ ॥
Those dear to me who were slain are not dear to me, nor are the others who rejoice; nor is self-boasting, spoken again and again, the foremost thing.
12.102.36
अहो जीवितमाकाङ्क्षेन्नेदृशो वधमर्हति ।
सुदुर्लभाः सुपुरुषाः संग्रामेष्वपलायिनः ॥ १२.१०२.३६ ॥
Alas! One who desires life does not deserve such a death; men of excellence who do not turn back in battle are exceedingly rare.
12.102.37
कृतं ममाप्रियं तेन येनायं निहतो मृधे ।
इति वाचा वदन्हन्तृन्पूजयेत रहोगतः ॥ १२.१०२.३७ ॥
Saying with words, "He who slew this one in battle has done what is unpleasing to me," one who has gone apart should honor the slayers.
12.102.38
हन्तॄणां च हतानां च पूजां कुर्याद्यथार्थतः ।
क्रोशेद्बाहुं प्रगृह्यापि चिकीर्षञ्जनसंग्रहम् ॥ १२.१०२.३८ ॥
One should honor the slayers and the slain according to what is fitting, and, desiring to gather the people, may even raise an arm and cry out.
12.102.39
एवं सर्वास्ववस्थासु सान्त्वपूर्वं समाचरेत् ।
प्रियो भवति भूतानां धर्मज्ञो वीतभीर्नृपः ॥ १२.१०२.३९ ॥
Thus in all circumstances a king should conduct himself with conciliation; the king who knows dharma and is fearless becomes dear to beings.
12.102.40
विश्वासं चात्र गच्छन्ति सर्वभूतानि भारत ।
विश्वस्तः शक्यते भोक्तुं यथाकालं समुत्थितः ॥ १२.१०२.४० ॥
O Bhārata, here all beings come to trust; a man who is trusted can be used when, at the right time, he has risen up.
12.102.41
तस्माद्विश्वासयेद्राजा सर्वभूतान्यमायया ।
सर्वतः परिरक्षेच्च यो महीं भोक्तुमिच्छति ॥ १२.१०२.४१ ॥
Therefore a king should inspire trust in all beings without deceit, and one who wishes to enjoy the earth should protect it on every side.