Mahābhārata · Adhyāya 12.104
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12.104.1
धार्मिकोऽर्थानसंप्राप्य राजामात्यैः प्रबाधितः ।
च्युतः कोशाच्च दण्डाच्च सुखमिच्छन्कथं चरेत् ॥ १२.१०४.१ ॥
How should a righteous man live, desiring happiness, when he has failed to win wealth, is oppressed by the king and his ministers, and has been cast out from the treasury and from the sceptre?
12.104.2
अत्रायं क्षेमदर्शीय इतिहासोऽनुगीयते ।
तत्तेऽह संप्रवक्ष्यामि तन्निबोध युधिष्ठिर ॥ १२.१०४.२ ॥
Here this history is recounted, the story of the seer of security. I will relate it to you fully, Yudhiṣṭhira; understand it.
12.104.3
क्षेमदर्शी नृपसुतो यत्र क्षीणबलः पुरा ।
मुनिं कालकवृक्षीयमाजमामेति नः श्रुतम्।
तं पप्रच्छानुसंगृह्य कृच्छ्रामापदमास्थितः ॥ १२.१०४.३ ॥
We have heard that a king's son named the seer of security, whose strength had once been diminished, went to a sage named Kālakavṛkṣīya; beset by grievous distress, he seized hold of him and questioned him.
12.104.4
अर्थेषु मागी पुरुष ईहमानः पुनः पुनः ।
अलब्ध्वा मद्विधो राज्यं ब्रह्मन्किं कर्तुमर्हति ॥ १२.१०४.४ ॥
A man who strives again and again in pursuit of wealth, and who, like me, fails to obtain a kingdom, O brahmin, what ought he to do?
12.104.5
अन्यत्र मरणाद्दैन्यादन्यत्र परसंश्रयात् ।
क्षुद्रादन्यत्र चाचारात्तन्ममाचक्ष्व सत्तम ॥ १२.१०४.५ ॥
Apart from death, apart from misery, apart from dependence on others, apart from base conduct—tell me that, best of the good.
12.104.6
व्याधिनां चाभिपन्नस्य मानसेनेतरेण वा ।
बहुश्रुतः कृतप्रज्ञस्त्वद्विधः शरणं भवेत् ॥ १२.१०४.६ ॥
For one afflicted by diseases, or by mental or other suffering, a man of wide learning and accomplished wisdom such as you should be a refuge.
12.104.7
निर्विद्य हि नरः कामान्नियम्य सुखमेधते ।
त्वक्त्वा प्रीतिं च शोकं च लब्ध्वा बुद्धिमयं वसु ॥ १२.१०४.७ ॥
A man who, disgusted with desires, restrains them, thrives in happiness; having abandoned delight and grief, he obtains the wealth that consists of wisdom.
12.104.8
सुखमर्थाश्रयं येषामनुशोचामि तानहम् ।
मम ह्यर्थाः सुबहवो नष्टाः स्वप्नगता इव ॥ १२.१०४.८ ॥
I grieve for those whose happiness rests on wealth. Many of my riches have perished, as if they had gone away in a dream.
12.104.9
दुष्करं बत कुर्वन्ति महतोऽर्थांस्त्यजन्ति ये ।
वयं त्वेतान्परित्यक्तुमसतोऽपि न शक्नुमः ॥ १२.१०४.९ ॥
Those who give up great wealth do a difficult deed indeed; but we are not able to abandon even these, which are unreal.
12.104.10
इमामवस्थां संप्राप्तं दीनमार्तं श्रिया च्युतम् ।
यदन्यत्सुखमस्तीह तद्ब्रह्मन्ननुशाधि माम् ॥ १२.१०४.१० ॥
Upon me, who have reached this condition, wretched and afflicted, fallen from prosperity, O learned one, instruct me in whatever other happiness there is here.
12.104.11
कौसल्येनैवमुक्तस्तु राजपुत्रेण धीमता ।
मुनिः कालकवृक्षीयः प्रत्युवाच महाद्युतिः ॥ १२.१०४.११ ॥
When thus addressed by the wise king's son, Kauśalya, the sage of Kālakavṛkṣa, of great brilliance, replied.
12.104.12
पुरस्तादेव ते बुद्धिरियं कार्या विजानतः ।
अनित्यं सर्वमेवैतदहं च मम चास्ति यत् ॥ १२.१०४.१२ ॥
Such understanding should have been yours beforehand, O knowing one. All of this is impermanent — I, and whatever is mine.
12.104.13
यत्किंचिन्मन्यसेऽस्तीति सर्वं नास्तीति विद्धि तत् ।
एवं न व्यथते प्राज्ञः कृच्छ्रामप्यापदं गतः ॥ १२.१०४.१३ ॥
Whatever you think exists, know that all of it does not exist. Thus the wise man is not distressed, even when he has met with grievous calamity.
12.104.14
यद्धि भूतं भविष्यच्च ध्रुवं तन्न भविष्यति ।
एवं विदितवेद्यस्त्वमनर्थेभ्यः प्रमोक्ष्यसे ॥ १२.१०४.१४ ॥
Whatever has been and whatever will be is certainly not permanent and will not remain. Having thus understood what is to be known, you will be freed from misfortunes.
12.104.15
ये च पूर्वसमारम्भा ये च पूर्वतरे परे ।
सर्वं नास्तीति ते चैव तज्ज्ञात्वा को नु संज्वरेत् ॥ १२.१०४.१५ ॥
All the former beginnings, and those that were even earlier or later, do not exist. Knowing this, who would grieve?
12.104.16
भूत्वा च न भवत्येतदभूत्वा च भविष्यति ।
शोके न ह्यस्ति सामर्थ्यं शोचेत स कथं नरः ॥ १२.१०४.१६ ॥
This, having come to be, does not remain; and what had not been will come to be. In grief there is no power at all; how then could that man grieve?
12.104.17
क्वनु तेऽद्य पिता राजन्क्वनु तेऽद्य पितामहः ।
न त्वं पश्यसि तानद्य न त्वां पश्यन्ति तेऽपि वा ॥ १२.१०४.१७ ॥
O king, where is your father today? Where is your grandfather today? You do not see them today, and they perhaps do not see you.
12.104.18
आत्मनोऽध्रुवतां पश्यंस्तांस्त्वं किमनुशोचसि ।
बुद्ध्या चैवानुबुद्ध्यस्व ध्रुवं हि न च विद्यते ॥ १२.१०४.१८ ॥
Seeing your own impermanence, why do you grieve for them? Understand it by your intellect: nothing is in truth permanent.
12.104.19
अहं च त्वं च नृपते सुहृदः शत्रवश्च ते ।
अवश्यं न भविष्यामः सर्वं च न भविष्यति ॥ १२.१०४.१९ ॥
O king, I, you, your friends and your enemies — we all will certainly not endure, and nothing will endure.
12.104.20
ये तु विंशतिवर्षा वै त्रिंशद्वर्षाश्च मानवाः ।
अर्वागेव हि ते सर्वे मरिष्यन्ति शरच्छतात् ॥ १२.१०४.२० ॥
Those men who are twenty or thirty years old — all of them will die before a hundred autumns have passed.
12.104.21
अपि चेन्महतो वित्तान्न प्रमुच्यते पूरुषः ।
नैतन्ममेति तन्मत्वा कुर्वीत प्रियमात्मनः ॥ १२.१०४.२१ ॥
Even if a man is not freed from great wealth, let him think, 'This is not mine,' and do what is dear to himself.
12.104.22
अनागतं यन्न ममेति विद्या ।
दतिक्रान्तं यन्न ममेति विद्यात्।
दिष्टं बलीय इति मन्यमाना ।
स्ते पण्डितास्तत्सतां वृत्तिमाहुः ॥ १२.१०४.२२ ॥
One should know that what is not yet come is not mine; one should know that what has passed is not mine. Those wise men who hold that fate is stronger call this the conduct of the good.
12.104.23
अनाढ्याश्चापि जीवन्ति राज्यं चाप्यनुशासते ।
बुद्धिपौरुषसंपन्नास्त्वया तुल्याधिका जनाः ॥ १२.१०४.२३ ॥
Even the poor live, and they even govern kingdoms; people endowed with intellect and manly effort are equal to you or greater than you.
12.104.24
न च त्वमिव शोचन्ति तस्मात्त्वमपि मा शुचः ।
किं न त्वं तैर्नरैः श्रेयांस्तुल्यो वा बुद्धिपौरुषैः ॥ १२.१०४.२४ ॥
They do not grieve as you do; therefore do not grieve either. Are you not superior to those men, or at least equal to them in intellect and manly effort?
12.104.25
यादृच्छिकं सर्वमासीत्तद्राज्यमिति चिन्तये ।
ह्रियते सर्वमेवेदं कालेन महता द्विज ॥ १२.१०४.२५ ॥
I think that whole kingdom was merely by chance; O twice-born, all of this is carried away by great time.
12.104.26
तस्यैव ह्रियमाणस्य स्रोतसेव तपोधन ।
फलमेतत्प्रपश्यामि यथालब्धेन वर्तयन् ॥ १२.१०४.२६ ॥
O ascetic-rich one, as if in a stream, I see this as the fruit of that very thing being carried away, living on what is obtained.
12.104.27
अनागतमतीतं च याथातथ्यविनिश्चयात् ।
नानुशोचेत कौसल्य सर्वार्थेषु तथा भव ॥ १२.१०४.२७ ॥
O Kauśalya, from the sure ascertainment of what is real, one should not grieve over the future or the past; be thus in all matters.
12.104.28
अवाप्यान्कामयन्नर्थान्नानवाप्यान्कदाचन ।
प्रत्युत्पन्नाननुभवन्मा शुचस्त्वमनागतान् ॥ १२.१०४.२८ ॥
Desiring the attainable things, never the unattainable; enjoying the present, do not grieve for what is yet to come.
12.104.29
यथालब्धोपपन्नार्थैस्तथा कौसल्य रंस्यसे ।
कच्चिच्छुद्धस्वभावेन श्रिया हीनो न शोचसि ॥ १२.१०४.२९ ॥
O Kauśalya, you will delight in whatever has been obtained and come by. With a pure nature, deprived of fortune, do you not grieve?
12.104.30
पुरस्ताद्भूतपूर्वत्वाद्धीनभोग्यो हि दुर्मतिः ।
धातारं गर्हते नित्यं लब्धार्थश्च न मृष्यते ॥ १२.१०४.३० ॥
Because he once enjoyed what came before, the one deprived of enjoyment is an ill-minded fool; he always blames the creator, and even one who has gained objects does not endure.
12.104.31
अनर्हानपि चैवान्यान्मन्यते श्रीमतो जनान् ।
एतस्मात्कारणादेतद्दुःखं भूयोऽनुवर्तते ॥ १२.१०४.३१ ॥
He thinks even the unworthy others are better than the prosperous people. For this reason this sorrow keeps returning to him again and again.
12.104.32
ईर्ष्याभिमानसंपन्ना राजन्पुरुषमानिनः ।
कच्चित्त्वं न तथा प्राज्ञ मत्सरी कोसलाधिप ॥ १२.१०४.३२ ॥
O king, there are men filled with envy and pride, who think themselves great men. O wise one, lord of Kosala, are you not like that? Are you not envious?
12.104.33
सहस्व श्रियमन्येषां यद्यपि त्वयि नास्ति सा ।
अन्यत्रापि सतीं लक्ष्मीं कुशला भुञ्जते नराः।
अभिनिष्यन्दते देही श्रीभूतश्च द्विषज्जनात् ॥ १२.१०४.३३ ॥
Endure the prosperity of others, even if it is not in you. Skilful men enjoy the fortune that exists elsewhere as well. The embodied being, having become fortune, flows forth even from hostile people.
12.104.34
श्रियं च पुत्रपौत्रं च मनुष्या धर्मचारिणः ।
त्यागधर्मविदो धीराः स्वयमेव त्यजन्त्युत ॥ १२.१०४.३४ ॥
Men who practise dharma, steadfast ones who know the dharma of renunciation, themselves give up prosperity as well as sons and grandsons.
12.104.35
त्यक्तं स्वायंभुवे वंशे शुभेन भरतेन च ।
नानारत्नसमाकीर्णं राज्यं स्फीतमिति श्रुतम् ॥ १२.१०४.३५ ॥
It is heard that in the Svāyambhuva line the noble Bharata also abandoned a flourishing kingdom filled with many jewels.
12.104.36
तथाऽन्यैर्भूमिपालैश्च त्यक्तं राज्यं महोदयम् ।
त्यक्त्वा राज्यानि ते सर्वे वने वन्यफलाशिनः।
गताश्च तपसः पारं दुःखस्यान्तं च भूमिपा ॥ १२.१०४.३६ ॥
Likewise other kings also abandoned a kingdom of great prosperity. Having given up their kingdoms, they all went to the forest, eating forest fruits, and reached the far shore of austerity and the end of suffering.
12.104.37
बहुसंकुसुकं दृष्ट्वा विधित्सासाधनेन च ।
तथान्ये संत्यजन्त्येव मत्वा परमदुर्लभम् ॥ १२.१०४.३७ ॥
Seeing it full of many thorns, and by the means of the desire to act, others too abandon it, thinking it extremely hard to obtain.
12.104.38
त्वं पुनः प्राज्ञरूपः सन्कृपणं परितप्यसे ।
अकाम्यान्कामयानोऽर्थान्पराधीनानुपद्रवान् ॥ १२.१०४.३८ ॥
Though you have the form of a wise man, you again wretchedly torment yourself, desiring the undesirable objects that depend on others and bring affliction.
12.104.39
तां बुद्धिमनुविज्ञाय त्वमेवैनान्परित्यज ।
अनर्थाश्चार्थरूपेण ह्यर्थाश्चानर्थरूपिणः ॥ १२.१०४.३९ ॥
Having fully understood that insight, abandon these yourself: harms appear in the form of benefits, and benefits have the form of harms.
12.104.40
अर्थायैव हि केषांचिद्धननाशा भवन्त्युत ।
अनित्यं तत्सुखं मत्वा श्रियमन्ये न लिप्सते ॥ १२.१०४.४० ॥
For some, the loss of wealth indeed comes about for the sake of wealth. Thinking that happiness impermanent, others do not crave prosperity.
12.104.41
रममाणः श्रिया कश्चिन्नान्यच्छ्रेयोऽभिमन्यते ।
तथा तस्येहमानस्य संरम्भोऽपि विनश्यति ॥ १२.१०४.४१ ॥
A person delighting in prosperity regards nothing else as good; and thus the eagerness of one who strives for it also perishes.
12.104.42
कृच्छ्राल्लब्धमभिप्रेतं यथा कौसल्य नश्यति ।
तदा निर्विद्यते सोऽर्थात्परिभग्नक्रमो नरः ॥ १२.१०४.४२ ॥
O Kauśalya, just as a desired thing won with difficulty is lost, then that man whose course is broken becomes disgusted with that wealth.
12.104.43
अनित्यां तां श्रियं मत्वा श्रियं वा कः परीप्सति ॥ १२.१०४.४३ ॥
Knowing that fortune is impermanent, who would seek after wealth?
12.104.44
धर्ममेकेऽभिपद्यन्ते कल्याणाभिजना नराः ।
परत्र सुखमिच्छन्तो निर्विद्येयुश्च लौकिकात् ॥ १२.१०४.४४ ॥
Some men of good birth take refuge in dharma, desiring happiness in the next world, and become detached from worldly things.
12.104.45
जीवितं संत्यजन्त्येके धनलोभपरा नराः ।
न जीवितार्थं मन्यन्ते पुरुषा हि धनादृते ॥ १२.१०४.४५ ॥
Some men, intent on greed for wealth, even give up their lives; indeed, men do not consider life worth living without wealth.
12.104.46
पश्य चैषां कृपणतां पश्य चैषामबुद्धिताम् ।
अध्रुवे जीविते मोहादर्थतृष्णामुपाश्रिताः ॥ १२.१०४.४६ ॥
Look at their wretchedness, and look at their folly: in this unstable life, through delusion, they have taken refuge in the thirst for wealth.
12.104.47
संचये च विनाशान्ते मरणान्ते च जीविते ।
संयोगे च वियोगान्ते कोनु विप्रणयेन्मनः ॥ १२.१०४.४७ ॥
The end of accumulation is destruction, the end of life is death, the end of union is separation: then who would not turn his mind away from them?
12.104.48
धनं वा पुरुषो राजन्पुरुषं वा पुनर्धनम् ।
अवश्यं प्रजहात्येव तद्विद्वान्कोनु संज्वरेत् ॥ १२.१०४.४८ ॥
O king, wealth certainly abandons a man, or a man abandons wealth; knowing this, what wise man would be feverish with anxiety?
12.104.49
अन्यत्रोपनता ह्यापत्पुरुषं तोषयत्युत ।
तेन शान्तिं न लभते नाहमेवेति कारणात् ॥ १२.१०४.४९ ॥
For a calamity that comes from elsewhere pleases a man, yet he finds no peace thereby, for the reason that 'it is not I' who am spared.
12.104.50
अन्येषामपि नश्यन्ति सुहृदश्च धनानि च ।
पश्य बुद्ध्या मनुष्याणां तुल्यामापदमात्मनः।
नियच्छ यच्छ संयच्छ इन्द्रियाणि मनस्तथा ॥ १२.१०४.५० ॥
The friends and wealth of others also perish. See with your intellect that the calamity of men is the same as your own. Restrain, hold back, and fully control the senses, and likewise the mind.
12.104.51
प्रतिषेद्धा न चाप्येषु दुर्बलेष्वहितेषु च ॥ १२.१०४.५१ ॥
Nor are you one who resists these, or the weak, or those who are unfriendly.
12.104.52
प्राप्तिसृष्टेषु भावेषु व्यपकृष्टेष्वसंभवे ।
प्रज्ञानतृप्तो विक्रान्तस्त्वद्विधो नानुशोचति ॥ १२.१०४.५२ ॥
In conditions that are obtained or bestowed, in things taken away, and in what is impossible, a valiant man satisfied with knowledge, such as you, does not grieve.
12.104.53
अल्पमिच्छन्नचपलो मृदुर्दान्तः सुसंस्थितः ।
ब्रह्मचर्योपपन्नश्च त्वद्विधो नैव मुह्यति ॥ १२.१०४.५३ ॥
One like you, who desires little, is steady and not fickle, gentle, self-controlled, firmly established, and endowed with celibate discipline, is never deluded.
12.104.54
न त्वेव जाल्मीं कापालीं वृत्तिमेषितुमर्हसि ।
नृशंसवृत्तिं पापिष्ठां दुःखां कापुरुषोचिताम् ॥ १२.१०४.५४ ॥
But you should never seek a base, skull-bearer-like livelihood, a cruel and most sinful way, painful and fit only for cowards.
12.104.55
अपि मूलफलाहारो रमस्वैको महावने ।
वाग्यतः संगृहीतात्मा सर्वभूतदयान्वितः ॥ १२.१०४.५५ ॥
Live even on roots and fruits; delight in being alone in the great forest, restrained in speech, with self held in check, endowed with compassion for all beings.
12.104.56
सदृशं पण्डितस्यैतदीषादन्तेन हस्तिना ।
यदेको रमतेऽरण्ये यच्चाप्यल्पेन तुष्यति ॥ १२.१०४.५६ ॥
This is fitting for a wise man, like the elephant with plough-shaft tusks, who delights alone in the forest and is content even with little.
12.104.57
महाह्रदः संक्षुभित आत्मनैव प्रसीदति ।
एवं नरः स्वत्मानैव कृतप्रज्ञः प्रसीदति ॥ १२.१०४.५७ ॥
As a great lake, though agitated, grows calm of its own accord, so a man of established wisdom becomes calm by himself alone.
12.104.58
एतदेवं गतस्याहं सुखं पश्यामि केवलम् ।
असंभवे श्रियो राजन्हीनस्य सचिवादिभिः।
दैवे प्रतिनिविष्टे च किं श्रेयो मन्यते भवान् ॥ १२.१०४.५८ ॥
In one who has come to this state I see only happiness. O king, when fortune is absent, deprived of ministers and the rest, and fate stands against you, what do you consider to be good?