Mahābhārata · Adhyāya 12.107
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12.107.1
ब्राह्मणक्षत्रियविशां शूद्राणां च परंतप ।
धर्मवृत्तं च वित्तं च वृत्त्युपायाः फलानि च ॥ १२.१०७.१ ॥
O scorcher of foes, the conduct of dharma of brahmins, kṣatriyas, vaiśyas and śūdras, wealth, the means of livelihood, and their fruits as well.
12.107.2
राज्ञां वृत्तं च कोशं च कोशसंचयनं जयः ।
अमात्यगुणवृत्तिश्च प्रकृतीनां च वर्धनम् ॥ १२.१०७.२ ॥
The conduct of kings, the treasury, the accumulation of the treasury, victory, the qualities and conduct of ministers, and the increase of the subjects.
12.107.3
षाङ्गुण्यगुणकल्पश्च सेनानीतिस्तथैव च ।
दुष्टस्य च परिज्ञानमदुष्टस्य च लक्षणम् ॥ १२.१०७.३ ॥
The arrangement of the six expedients of policy, the policy regarding the army, complete knowledge of the wicked, and the marks of the good.
12.107.4
समहीनाधिकानां च यथावल्लक्षणं च यत् ।
मध्यमस्य च तुष्ट्यर्थं यथा स्थेयं विवर्धता ॥ १२.१०७.४ ॥
The correct marks of equals, inferiors and superiors, and how one who desires to prosper should stand so as to keep the middling one content.
12.107.5
क्षीणग्रहणवृत्तिश्च यथा धर्मं प्रकीर्तितम् ।
लघुनाऽदेशरूपेण ग्रन्थयोगेन भारत ॥ १२.१०७.५ ॥
The conduct of accepting what is diminished, as has been proclaimed as dharma; O Bhārata, briefly, in a form not bound to place, by the connection of the texts.
12.107.6
विजिगीषोस्तथा वृत्तमुक्तं चैव तथैव ते ।
गणानां वृत्तिमिच्छामि श्रोतुं मतिमतां वर ॥ १२.१०७.६ ॥
You have told the conduct of one who seeks conquest, and likewise. O best of the wise, I wish to hear the conduct of the assemblies (the republics).
12.107.7
यथा गणाः प्रवर्धन्ते न भिद्यन्ते च भारत ।
अरींश्च विजिगीषन्ते सुहृदः प्राप्नुवन्ति च ॥ १२.१०७.७ ॥
O Bhārata, how do the assemblies prosper and not split apart, how do they seek to conquer their enemies, and how do they obtain friends?
12.107.8
भेदमूलो विनाशो हि गणानामुपलक्षये ।
मन्त्रसंवरणं दुःखं बहूनामिति मे मतिः ॥ १२.१०७.८ ॥
I perceive that the ruin of assemblies is rooted in division; for many, keeping counsel secret is hard — such is my opinion.
12.107.9
एतदिच्छाम्यहं श्रोतुं निखिलेन परंतप ।
यथा च ते न भिद्येरंस्तच्च मे वद भारत ॥ १२.१०७.९ ॥
O scorcher of foes, I wish to hear this fully: how they might not be split apart. Tell me that, O Bhārata.
12.107.10
गणानां च कुलानां च राज्ञां भरतसत्तम ।
वैरसंदीपनावेतौ लोभामर्षौ नराधिप ॥ १२.१०७.१० ॥
O best of the Bharatas, these two kindle enmity among assemblies, clans and kings: greed and resentment, O lord of men.
12.107.11
लोभमेको हि वृणुते ततोऽमर्षमनन्तरम् ।
ततो ह्यमर्षसंयुक्तावन्योन्यजनिताशयौ ॥ १२.१०७.११ ॥
One first takes up greed, and after it, resentment; then joined with resentment, both minds arise, each born of the other.
12.107.12
चारमन्त्रबलादानैः सामदानविभेदनैः ।
क्षयव्ययभयोपायैः प्रकर्षन्तीतरेतरम् ॥ १२.१०७.१२ ॥
By spies, the strength of counsel, gifts, the means of conciliation, gift and division, and by means of loss, expense and fear, they draw one another on.
12.107.13
तत्रादानेन भिद्यन्ते गणाः संघातवृत्तयः ।
भिन्ना विमनसः सर्वे गच्छन्त्यरिवशं भयात् ॥ १२.१०७.१३ ॥
There, by bribery, the assemblies that live by unity are split apart. Divided and dispirited, all of them go under the power of their enemies out of fear.
12.107.14
भेदे गणा विनश्युर्हि भिन्नास्तु सुजयाः परैः ।
तस्मात्संघातयोगेन प्रयतेरन्गणाः सदा ॥ १२.१०७.१४ ॥
In division, assemblies perish, for divided ones are easily conquered by enemies. Therefore assemblies should always strive through the discipline of union.
12.107.15
अर्थाश्चैवाधिगम्यन्ते संघातबलपौरुषैः ।
ब्राह्माश्च मैत्रीं कुर्वन्ति तेषु संघातवृत्तिषु ॥ १२.१०७.१५ ॥
Aims are attained through the strength and manly effort of union, and the brahmins make friendship with those who live by union.
12.107.16
ज्ञानवृद्धाः प्रशंसन्ति शुश्रूषन्तः परस्परम् ।
विनिवृत्ताभिसंधानाः सुखमेधन्ति सर्वशः ॥ १२.१०७.१६ ॥
Elders grown in knowledge praise them, serving one another; with their deceitful schemes turned away, they thrive in happiness in every way.
12.107.17
धर्मिष्ठान्व्यवहारांश्च स्थापयन्तश्च शास्त्रतः ।
यथावत्प्रतिपश्यन्तो विवर्धन्ते गणोत्तमाः ॥ १२.१०७.१७ ॥
Establishing righteous dealings according to the scriptures, and examining them duly, the best of assemblies grow.
12.107.18
पुत्रान्भ्रातृन्निगृह्णन्तो विनयन्तश्च तान्सदा ।
विनीतांश्च प्रगृह्णन्तो विवर्धन्ते गणोत्तमाः ॥ १२.१०७.१८ ॥
Restraining their sons and brothers, always training them in discipline, and honouring the disciplined, the best of assemblies grow.
12.107.19
चारमन्त्रविधानेषु कोशसंनिचयेषु च ।
नित्ययुक्ता महाबाहो वर्धन्ते सर्वतो गणाः ॥ १२.१०७.१९ ॥
O mighty-armed one, the assemblies that are always engaged in the arrangements of spies and counsel, and in the accumulation of the treasury, grow on every side.
12.107.20
प्राज्ञांश्चारान्महोत्साहान्कर्मसु स्थिरपौरुषान् ।
मानयन्तः सदा युक्ता विवर्धन्ते गणा नृप ॥ १२.१०७.२० ॥
O king, the assemblies that always honour the wise spies of great energy, whose manly vigour in affairs is steadfast, and remain engaged in this, flourish.
12.107.21
द्रव्यवन्तश्च शूराश्च शस्त्रज्ञाः शास्त्रपारगाः ।
कृच्छ्रास्वापत्सु संमूढान्गणाः संतारयन्ति ते ॥ १२.१०७.२१ ॥
Those who are wealthy, brave, skilled in weapons and accomplished in the sciences carry the assemblies, bewildered in hard straits and calamities, across to safety.
12.107.22
क्रोधो भेदो भयं दण्डः कर्षणं निग्रहो वधः ।
नयत्यरिवशं सद्यो गणान्भरतसत्तम ॥ १२.१०७.२२ ॥
O best of the Bharatas, anger, division, fear, punishment, coercion, restraint and slaying at once lead the assemblies under the power of the enemy.
12.107.23
तस्मान्मानयितव्यास्ते गणमुख्याः प्रधानतः ।
लोकयात्रा समायत्ता भूयसी तेषु पार्थिव ॥ १२.१०७.२३ ॥
Therefore those chiefs of the assemblies must above all be honoured, for, O king, the course of the world rests greatly upon them.
12.107.24
मन्त्रगुप्तिः प्रधानेषु चारश्चामित्रकर्शण ।
न गणाः कृत्स्नशो मन्त्रं श्रोतुमर्हन्ति भारत ॥ १२.१०७.२४ ॥
Secrecy of counsel among the leaders, and spying, O subduer of enemies; the assemblies are not fit to hear the whole counsel entire, O Bhārata.
12.107.25
गणमुख्यैस्तु संभूय कार्यं गणहितं मिथः ॥ १२.१०७.२५ ॥
The chiefs of the assemblies, having come together, should carry out what benefits the assembly, deliberating among themselves.
12.107.26
पृथग्गणस्य भिन्नस्य विततस्य ततोऽन्यथा ।
अर्थाः प्रत्यवसीदन्ति तथाऽनर्था भवन्ति व ॥ १२.१०७.२६ ॥
For an assembly that is separated, divided, or spread apart, it goes otherwise: its aims sink away, and misfortunes likewise come to be.
12.107.27
तेषामन्योन्यभिन्नानां स्वशक्तिमनुतिष्ठताम् ।
निग्रहः पण्डितैः कार्यः क्षिप्रमेव प्रधानतः ॥ १२.१०७.२७ ॥
Those who are divided from one another and exert their own strength should be restrained by the wise, swiftly and above all.
12.107.28
कुलेषु कलहा जाताः कुलवृद्धैरुपेक्षिताः ।
गोत्रस्य नाशं कुर्वन्ति गणभेदस्य कारकम् ॥ १२.१०७.२८ ॥
Quarrels that arise in families, when neglected by the elders of the family, bring about the destruction of the lineage and become the cause of the division of the assembly.
12.107.29
आभ्यन्तरं भयं रक्ष्यमसारं बाह्यतो भयम् ।
आभ्यन्तरं भयं राजन्सद्यो मूलानि कृन्तति ॥ १२.१०७.२९ ॥
Internal danger must be guarded against; external danger is without substance. O king, internal danger at once cuts away the roots.
12.107.30
अकस्मात्क्रोधमोहाभ्यां लोभाद्वाऽपि स्वभावजात् ।
अन्योन्यं नाभिभाषन्ते तत्पराभवलक्षणम् ॥ १२.१०७.३० ॥
When, suddenly from anger and delusion, or from greed, or born of one's nature, they do not speak to one another — that is the mark of defeat.
12.107.31
जात्या च सदृशाः सर्वे कुलेन सदृशास्तथ ।
न चोद्योगेन बुद्ध्या वा रूपद्रव्येण वा पुनः ॥ १२.१०७.३१ ॥
All are alike by birth and alike by lineage, yet by effort, by intellect, by beauty or by wealth they are not alike again.
12.107.32
भेदाच्चैव प्रदानाच्च नाम्यन्ते रिपुभिर्गणाः ।
तस्मात्संघातमेवाहुर्गणानां शरणं महत् ॥ १२.१०७.३२ ॥
Through division and through bribery, the assemblies are bent low by enemies; therefore they call union the great refuge of assemblies.