Mahābhārata · Adhyāya 12.108
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12.108.1
महानयं धर्मपथो बहुशाखश्च भारत ।
किंस्विदेवेह धर्माणामनुष्ठेयतमं मतम् ॥ १२.१०८.१ ॥
O Bhārata, this path of dharma is great and has many branches. Among the duties, which one, in your view, is most to be practised here?
12.108.2
किं कार्यं सर्वभूतानां गरीयो भवतो मतम् ।
यथाऽहं परमं धर्ममिह च प्रेत्य चाप्नुयाम् ॥ १२.१०८.२ ॥
What duty, in your opinion, is the weightiest for all beings, so that I may attain the highest dharma both here and after death?
12.108.3
मातापित्रोर्गुरूणां च पूजा बहुमता मम ।
अत्र वर्तन्नरो लोकान्यशश्च महदश्नुते ॥ १२.१०८.३ ॥
In my view, honouring mother, father and teachers is highly esteemed. A man who conducts himself so in this world obtains worlds and great fame.
12.108.4
यदेते ह्यनुजानीयुः कर्म तात सुपूजिताः ।
धर्मं धर्मविरुद्धं वा तत्कर्तव्यं युधिष्ठिर ॥ १२.१०८.४ ॥
If these much-honoured elders should permit a deed, my son Yudhiṣṭhira, then that deed is to be done, whether it accords with dharma or runs against dharma.
12.108.5
न तैरभ्यननुज्ञातो धर्ममन्यं समाचरेत् ।
यं मे तेऽभ्यनुजानीयुः स धर्म इति निश्चयः ॥ १२.१०८.५ ॥
Without their permission one should not follow any other dharma. The deed they permit me is dharma — this is the settled conclusion.
12.108.6
एत एव त्रयो लोका एत एवाश्रमास्त्रयः ।
एत एव त्रयो वेदा एत एव त्रयोऽग्नयः ॥ १२.१०८.६ ॥
These alone are the three worlds, these alone are the three stages of life, these alone are the three Vedas, and these alone are the three fires.
12.108.7
पिता वै गार्हपत्योऽग्निर्माताऽग्निर्दक्षिणः स्मृतः ।
गुरुराहवनीयस्तु साऽग्नित्रेता गरीयसी ॥ १२.१०८.७ ॥
The father is the household fire, the mother is remembered as the southern fire; the teacher is the offering fire, and that triple fire (the Tretā-fire) is the weightier of all.
12.108.8
त्रिष्वप्रमाद्यन्नेतेषु त्रील्लोँकानपि जेष्यसि ।
पितृवृत्त्या त्विमं लोकं मातृवृत्त्या तथा परम् ॥ १२.१०८.८ ॥
Being heedful toward these three, you will conquer even the three worlds: by your conduct toward the father you will win this world, and by your conduct toward the mother the other.
12.108.9
ब्रह्मलोकं गुरोर्वृत्त्या नियमेन तरिष्यसि ।
सम्यगेतेषु वर्तस्व त्रिषु लोकेषु भारत ॥ १२.१०८.९ ॥
Through conduct toward the teacher and through discipline you will cross over to the world of Brahmā. O Bhārata, conduct yourself rightly toward these, in these three worlds.
12.108.10
यशः प्राप्स्यसि भद्रं ते धर्मं च सुमहाफलम् ।
नैतानतिशयीथास्त्वं नात्यश्नीथा न दूषयेः ॥ १२.१०८.१० ॥
You will obtain fame, may good fortune be yours, and dharma of very great fruit. Do not transgress these, do not indulge excessively, and do not defile them.
12.108.11
नित्यं परिचरेश्चैव तद्वै सुकृतमुत्तमम् ।
कीर्ति पुण्यं यशो लोकान्प्राप्स्यसे त्वं जनाधिप ॥ १२.१०८.११ ॥
Serve them constantly; that is the supreme good deed. O lord of men, you will obtain fame, merit, glory and worlds.
12.108.12
सर्वे तस्यादृता लोका यस्यैते त्रय आदृताः ।
अनादृतास्तु यस्यैते सर्वास्तस्याफलाः क्रियाः ॥ १२.१०८.१२ ॥
For the one who honors these three, all worlds are honored; but for the one who disregards these three, all his actions are fruitless.
12.108.13
न चायं न परो लोको न यशस्तस्य भारत ।
अमानिता नित्यमेव यस्यैते गुरवस्त्रयः ॥ १२.१०८.१३ ॥
O Bhārata, for him whose three teachers are always disrespected, there is neither this world, nor the next, nor fame.
12.108.14
न चास्मिन्न परे लोके यशस्तस्य प्रकाशते ।
यच्चान्यदपि कल्याणं पारत्रं समुदाहृतम् ॥ १२.१०८.१४ ॥
His fame shines neither in this world nor in the next, nor does any other good of the next world, which is declared to be auspicious, belong to him.
12.108.15
तेभ्य एव हि यत्सर्वं कृत्यं यन्निसृजाम्यहम् ।
तदासीन्मे शतगुणं सहस्रगुणमेव च।
तस्मान्मे संप्रकाशन्ते त्रयो लोका युधिष्ठिर ॥ १२.१०८.१५ ॥
Indeed, whatever duty I perform, I perform for their sake; and its fruit became a hundredfold and a thousandfold for me. Therefore, O Yudhiṣṭhira, the three worlds shine forth for me.
12.108.16
दशैव तु सदाऽऽचार्यः श्रोत्रियानधितिष्ठति ।
दशाचार्यानुपाध्याय उपाध्यायान्पिता दश ॥ १२.१०८.१६ ॥
A teacher (ācārya) surpasses ten learned Brahmins; a preceptor (upādhyāya) surpasses ten teachers; a father surpasses ten preceptors.
12.108.17
पितॄन्दश तु मातैका सर्वां वा पृथिवीमपि ।
गुरुत्वेनाभिभवति नास्ति मातृसमो गुरुः ॥ १२.१०८.१७ ॥
One mother surpasses ten fathers, and in weight of reverence she excels even the whole earth; there is no teacher equal to the mother.
12.108.18
गुरुर्गरीयान्पितृतो मातृतश्चेति मे मतिः ।
उभौ हि मातापितरौ जन्मन्येवोपयुज्यतः ॥ १२.१०८.१८ ॥
My view is that a teacher is weightier than both father and mother; for mother and father are of use only at birth.
12.108.19
शरीरमेतौ सृजतः पिता माता च भारत ।
आचार्यशिष्टा या जातिः सासम्यगजरामरा ॥ १२.१०८.१९ ॥
O Bhārata, father and mother together create the body; but the birth shaped by the teacher is truly ageless and undying.
12.108.20
अवध्या हि सदा माता पिता चाप्युपचारिणौ ॥ १२.१०८.२० ॥
A mother must always not be harmed, and likewise a father; both are fit to be served.
12.108.21
न स दुष्यति तत्कृत्वा न च ते दूषयन्ति तम् ।
धर्माय यतमानानां विदुर्देवाः सहर्षिभिः ॥ १२.१०८.२१ ॥
He is not defiled by doing it, nor do they defile him; the gods together with the sages know those who strive for dharma.
12.108.22
य आवृणोत्यवितथेन कर्मणा ।
ऋतं ब्रुवन्नमृतं संप्रयच्छन्।
तं मन्येथाः पितरं मातरं च ।
तस्मै न द्रुह्येत्कृतमस्य जानन् ॥ १२.१०८.२२ ॥
Regard as father and mother him who sustains you by truthful deeds, speaks what is true and bestows the nectar; knowing what he has done for you, do not betray him.
12.108.23
स्तथैव तेषां गुरवोऽभ्यर्चनीयाः ॥ १२.१०८.२३ ॥
In the same way, their teachers are to be honored.
12.108.24
तस्मात्पूजयितव्याश्च संविभज्याश्च यत्नतः ।
गुरवोऽर्चयितव्याश्च पुराणं धर्ममिच्छता ॥ १२.१०८.२४ ॥
Therefore teachers should be honored and carefully given a share, and one who desires the ancient dharma should worship his teachers.
12.108.25
येन प्रीणन्ति पितरस्तेन प्रीतः प्रजापतिः ।
प्रीणाति जननीयेन पृथिवी तेन पूजिता ॥ १२.१०८.२५ ॥
By that by which the forefathers are pleased, Prajāpati is pleased; by that which pleases the mother, the earth is honoured.
12.108.26
येन प्रीणात्युपाध्यायस्तेन स्याद्ब्रह्म पूजितम् ।
मातृतः पितृतश्चैव तस्मात्पूज्यतमो गुरुः ॥ १२.१०८.२६ ॥
By that by which the teacher is pleased, the sacred knowledge (brahma) is honoured. Both from the mother's side and the father's side; therefore the guru is the most worthy of honour.
12.108.27
ऋषयश्च हि देवाश्च प्रीयन्ते पितृभिः सह ।
पूज्यमानेषु गुरुषु तस्मात्पूज्यतमो गुरुः ॥ १२.१०८.२७ ॥
When the teachers are honoured, the sages and the gods are pleased together with the forefathers. Therefore the guru is the most worthy of honour.
12.108.28
केनचिन्न च वृत्तेन ह्यवज्ञेयो गुरुर्भवेत् ।
न च माता न च पितो तादृशो यादृशो गुरुः ॥ १२.१०८.२८ ॥
A teacher must not be despised for any conduct; neither mother nor father is like the teacher.
12.108.29
न तेऽवमानमर्हन्ति न तेषां दूषयेत्कृतम् ।
गुरूणामेव सत्कारं विदुर्देवाः सहर्षिभिः ॥ १२.१०८.२९ ॥
They do not deserve contempt, and one should not find fault with what they have done; the gods, together with the sages, know that honour is due to the teachers.
12.108.30
उपाध्यायं पितरं मातरं च ।
ये विद्रुह्यन्ते मनसा कर्मणा वा।
तेषां पापं भ्रूणहत्याविशिष्टं ।
तस्मान्नान्यः पापकृदस्ति लोके ॥ १२.१०८.३० ॥
Those who betray the teacher, father or mother, in mind or in deed, carry a sin worse even than the killing of an embryo; therefore there is no greater sinner in the world.
12.108.31
भृतो भर्तारं यो न विभिर्ति पुत्रः ।
स्वयोनिजः पितरं मातरं च।
तस्य पापं भ्रूणहत्याविषिष्टं ।
तस्मान्नान्यः पापकृदस्ति लोके ॥ १२.१०८.३१ ॥
The son who does not maintain the one who supported him, his own father and mother born of his own womb, his sin exceeds that of killing an embryo; therefore there is no other doer of sin greater than he in the world.
12.108.32
मित्रद्रुहः कृतघ्नस्य स्त्रीघ्नस्य पिशुनस्य च ।
चतुर्णामपि चैतेषां निष्कृतिं नानुशुश्रुम् ॥ १२.१०८.३२ ॥
Of the betrayer of a friend, the ungrateful one, the slayer of a woman, and the slanderer, of these four we have not heard of any expiation.
12.108.33
एतत्सर्वं मनुनिर्देशदृष्टं ।
यत्कर्तव्यं पुरुषेणेह किंचित्।
एतच्छ्रेयो नान्यदस्माद्विशिष्टं ।
सर्वान्धर्माननुसृत्यैतदुक्तम् ॥ १२.१०८.३३ ॥
All this is seen in the instruction of Manu. Whatever a man should do in this world, this is the best; there is nothing superior to this. Having followed all the dharmas, this has been said.