Mahābhārata · Adhyāya 12.12
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12.12.1
अर्जुनस्य वचः श्रुत्वा नकुलो वाक्यमब्रवीत् ।
राजानमभिसंप्रेक्ष्य सर्वधर्मभृतां वरम् ॥ १२.१२.१ ॥
Hearing Arjuna's words, Nakula looked at the king, the best of all bearers of dharma, and spoke this speech.
12.12.2
अनुरुध्य महाप्राज्ञो भ्रातुश्चित्तमरिंदम ।
व्यूढोरस्को महाबाहुस्ताम्रास्यो मितभाषिता ॥ १२.१२.२ ॥
O subduer of foes, the great-wise one, following his brother's wish, broad-chested, mighty-armed, red-faced, of measured speech.
12.12.3
विशाखयूपे देवानां सर्वेषामग्नयश्चिताः ।
तस्माद्विद्वि महाराज देवाः कर्मफले स्थिताः ॥ १२.१२.३ ॥
At the Viśākha sacrificial post, fires have been kindled for all the gods. Therefore, great king, know that the gods abide in the fruit of action.
12.12.4
अनास्तिकानां भूतानां प्राणदाः पितरश्च ये ।
तेऽपि कर्मैव कुर्वन्ति विधिं पश्यस्व पार्थिव ॥ १२.१२.४ ॥
Even the ancestors, who give life to beings who are not disbelievers, perform action alone. Behold the rule, O king.
12.12.5
वेदवादापविद्धास्तु तान्विद्धि भृशनास्तिकान् ।
न हि वेदोक्तमुत्सृज्य विप्रः सर्वेषु कर्मसु ॥ १२.१२.५ ॥
Know those cast out from the doctrine of the Vedas to be utterly disbelieving. For a brahmin, having abandoned what is taught in the Veda, does not engage in all rites.
12.12.6
देवयानेन नाकस्य पृष्ठमाप्नोति भारत ।
अत्याश्रमानयं सर्वानित्याहुर्वेदमिश्चयाः ॥ १२.१२.६ ॥
O Bhārata, by the path of the gods a man reaches the summit of heaven. This lies beyond all the stages of life, so say those who rely on the Vedas.
12.12.7
ब्राह्मणाः श्रुतिसंपन्नास्तान्निबोध नराधिप ।
वित्तानि धर्मलब्धानि क्रतुमुख्येष्ववासृजन् ॥ १२.१२.७ ॥
O lord of men, listen to those brahmins endowed with learning. They gave away wealth obtained by dharma at the chief sacrifices.
12.12.8
कृतात्मा स महाराज स वै त्यागी स्मृतो नरः ॥ १२.१२.८ ॥
O great king, that man whose self is disciplined is indeed remembered as a renouncer.
12.12.9
अनवेक्ष्य सुखादानं तथैवोर्ध्वं प्रतिष्ठितः ।
आत्मत्यागी महाराज स त्यागी तापसो मतः ॥ १२.१२.९ ॥
Not looking to the taking of pleasure, and likewise established on high, O great king, the one who renounces self is considered a renouncer and an ascetic.
12.12.10
अनिकेतः परिपतन्वृक्षमूलाश्रयो मुनिः ।
अयाचकः सदायोगी स त्यागी पार्थ भिक्षुकः ॥ १२.१२.१० ॥
The homeless sage who wanders about, dwells at the root of a tree, does not beg, and is always absorbed in yoga—he, O Pārtha, is the renouncer and the mendicant.
12.12.11
क्रोधहर्षावनादृत्य पैशुन्यं च विशेषतः ।
विप्रो वेदानधीते यः स त्यागी गुरुपूजकः ॥ १२.१२.११ ॥
The brahmin who, disregarding anger and joy, and especially giving up backbiting, studies the Vedas — he is the renouncer and the honorer of his teacher.
12.12.12
आश्रमांस्तुलया सर्वान्धृतानाहुर्मनीषिणः ।
एकतश्च त्रयो राजन्गृहस्थाश्रम एकतः ॥ १२.१२.१२ ॥
The wise say that all the ashramas are weighed on a balance. O king, the three stand on one side, and the householder's stage stands on the other.
12.12.13
समीक्ष्य तुलया पार्थ कामं स्वर्गं च भारत ।
अयं पन्था महर्षीणाप्रियं लोकविदां गतिः ॥ १२.१२.१३ ॥
O son of Pṛthā, O Bharata, weigh desire and heaven on the balance: this is the path of the great sages, unwelcome to those who know the worlds, yet their goal.
12.12.14
इति यः कुरुते भावं स त्यागी भरतर्षभ ।
नरः परित्यज्य गृहान्वनमेति विमूढवत् ॥ १२.१२.१४ ॥
He who holds this attitude, O bull of the Bharatas, is the renouncer. A man who leaves his house and goes to the forest like a bewildered fool is not such a one.
12.12.15
यदा कामान्समीक्षेत धर्मवैतंसिको नरः ।
अथैनं मृत्युपाशेन कण्ठे बध्नाति सृत्युराट् ॥ १२.१२.१५ ॥
When a man, adorned with dharma, considers his desires, then the king of death binds him by the neck with the noose of death.
12.12.16
अभिमानकृतं कर्म नैतत्फलवदुच्यते ।
त्यागयुक्तं महाराज सर्वमेव महाफलम् ॥ १२.१२.१६ ॥
Action done from pride is not said to be fruitful. O great king, everything united with renunciation bears great fruit.
12.12.17
शमो दमस्तथा धैर्यं सत्यं शौचमथार्जवम् ।
यज्ञो धृतिश्च धर्मश्च नित्यमार्षो विधिः स्मृतः ॥ १२.१२.१७ ॥
Calm, self-restraint, steadfastness, truth, purity and straightforwardness, sacrifice, firmness and dharma — these are always remembered as the rule of the sages.
12.12.18
पितृदेवातिथिकृते समारम्भोऽत्र शस्यते ।
अत्रैव हि महाराज त्रिवर्गः केवलं फलम् ॥ १२.१२.१८ ॥
The undertaking made for the sake of ancestors, gods and guests is praised here. Here indeed, O great king, the threefold aim alone is the fruit.
12.12.19
एतस्मिन्वर्तमानस्य विधौ विप्रनिषेविते ।
त्यागिनः प्रसृतस्येह नोच्छित्तिर्विद्यते क्वचित् ॥ १२.१२.१९ ॥
For one who abides by this rule followed by the Brahmins, who gives up and extends himself here, there is never any ruin.
12.12.20
असृजद्धि प्रजा राजन्प्रजापतिरकल्मषः ।
मां यक्ष्यन्तीति धर्मात्मा यज्ञैर्विविधदक्षिणैः ॥ १२.१२.२० ॥
O king, the spotless Prajāpati created creatures, the righteous one thinking, 'They will worship me with sacrifices with various fees.'
12.12.21
वीरुधश्चैव वृक्षांश्च यज्ञार्थं वै तथौषधीः ।
पशूंश्चैव तथा मेध्यान्यज्ञार्थानि हवींषि च ॥ १२.१२.२१ ॥
Creepers and trees, herbs indeed for the sake of sacrifice, animals and likewise pure things fit for sacrifice, and oblations meant for sacrifice were likewise made.
12.12.22
गृहस्थाश्रमिणस्तच्च यज्ञकर्माविरोधितम् ।
तस्माद्गार्हस्थ्यमेवेह दुष्करं दुर्लभं तथा ॥ १२.१२.२२ ॥
For householders it is not opposed to the rites of sacrifice; therefore the householder life itself is difficult and rare here.
12.12.23
तत्संप्राप्य गृहस्था ये पशुधान्यधनान्विताः ।
न यजन्ते महाराज शाश्वतं तेषु किल्विषम् ॥ १२.१२.२३ ॥
O great king, those householders who, having attained that state and being endowed with cattle, grain and wealth, do not sacrifice—upon them lies lasting sin.
12.12.24
स्वाध्याययज्ञा ऋषयो ज्ञानयज्ञास्तथा परे ।
अथापरे महायज्ञान्मनस्येव वितन्वते ॥ १२.१२.२४ ॥
Sages perform recitation as their sacrifice, others perform knowledge as their sacrifice; and still others extend the great sacrifices in the mind alone.
12.12.25
इदमन्यन्महाराज विद्वद्भिः कथितं मम ।
भूमिरग्निश्च वायुश्च न चापो न दिवाकरः ॥ १२.१२.२५ ॥
Great king, the learned have told me this other thing: there is no earth, nor fire, nor wind, nor water, nor the sun.
12.12.26
नक्षत्राणि न चन्द्रश्च न दिशः काल एव च ।
शब्दः स्पर्शश्च रूपं च न गन्धो न रसः क्वचित् ॥ १२.१२.२६ ॥
There are no stars, no moon, no directions, not even time; no sound, no touch, no form; no smell, and nowhere any taste.
12.12.27
न च सन्ति प्रमाणानि यैः प्रमेयं प्रसाध्यते ।
प्रत्यक्षमनुमानं न नोपमानमथागमः ॥ १२.१२.२७ ॥
Nor are there any means of valid knowledge by which an object of knowledge can be established: neither perception, nor inference, nor comparison, nor scripture.
12.12.28
नार्थापत्तिर्न चैतिह्यं न दृष्टान्तो न संशयः ।
न क्वचिन्निर्णयो राजन्न धर्माधर्म एव च ॥ १२.१२.२८ ॥
There is no presumption, nor tradition; no example, nor doubt; nowhere is there any conclusion, O king, nor is there righteousness or unrighteousness.
12.12.29
तिर्यक्व स्थावरं चैव न देवा न च मानुषाः ।
वर्णाश्रमविभागाश्च न च कर्ता न कामकृत्।
न चार्थश्च विभूतिश्च न चार्थस्य विचेष्टितम् ॥ १२.१२.२९ ॥
There are no animals nor plants, no gods nor humans; no division of castes and stages of life; no doer, no one who fulfils desire; no wealth, no splendour, and no pursuit of wealth.
12.12.30
तमोभूतमिदं सर्वमनालोकं जगन्नृप ।
न चात्मा विद्यमानोपि मनसा योगमिच्छति ॥ १२.१२.३० ॥
This whole world has become darkness, O king, without light; and though the self exists, it does not desire union through the mind.
12.12.31
अचेतनं मनस्त्वासीदात्मा एव सचेतनः ।
ईश्वरश्चेतनस्त्वेकस्तेनेदं गहनीकृतम्।
मन्त्राश्च चेतना राजन्न च देहेन योजिताः ॥ १२.१२.३१ ॥
The mind was unconscious; only the self was conscious. The Lord alone is conscious, and by him this world was made profound. O king, the mantras too are conscious, yet they are not joined to the body.
12.12.32
तेन विश्वसृजो नाम ऋषयो मन्त्रदेवताः ।
चैतन्यमीश्वरात्प्राप्य ब्रह्माण्डं तैर्विनिर्मितम् ॥ १२.१२.३२ ॥
Through him the sages named the Creators of the World, and the deities of the mantras, arose. Having received consciousness from the Lord, the cosmic egg was fashioned by them.
12.12.33
इष्ट्वा विश्वसृजं यज्ञं निर्मितः प्रपितामहः ।
सृष्टिस्तेन समारब्धा प्रसादादीश्वरस्य च ॥ १२.१२.३३ ॥
Having performed the sacrifice of the Creator of the World, the great-grandfather was fashioned. By the grace of the Lord, creation was begun by him.
12.12.34
चैतन्यमीश्वरस्येदं सचेतनमिदं जगत् ।
योगेन च समाविष्टं जगत्कृत्स्नं च शंभुना ॥ १२.१२.३४ ॥
This sentient world is of the Lord's consciousness. By yoga, and through Śambhu, the entire world has been pervaded.
12.12.35
धर्मश्चार्थश्च कामश्च उक्तो मोक्षश्च संक्षये ।
ब्रह्मणः परमेशस्य ईश्वरेण यदृच्छया ॥ १२.१२.३५ ॥
Dharma, artha and kāma are declared, and liberation at the dissolution. By the Lord, the supreme ruler of Brahmā, spoken of at will.
12.12.36
अज्ञो जन्तुरनीशश्च भाजनं सुखदुःखयोः ।
ईश्वरप्रेरितो गच्छेत्स्वर्गं वा श्वभ्रमेव वा ॥ १२.१२.३६ ॥
The ignorant living being, powerless and the vessel of pleasure and pain, impelled by the Lord, goes either to heaven or to the pit of hell.
12.12.37
प्रधानं पुरुषः चैव आत्मानं सर्वदेहिनाम् ।
मनसा विषयैश्चैव चेतनेन प्रचोदिताः।
सुखदुःखेन युज्यन्ते कर्मभिश्च प्रचोदिताः ॥ १२.१२.३७ ॥
Prakṛti and Puruṣa, and the self of all embodied beings, impelled by mind, sense-objects and consciousness, are joined to pleasure and pain; they are also impelled by actions.
12.12.38
वर्णाश्रमविभागाश्च ईश्वरेण प्रवर्तिताः ।
सदेवासुरगन्धर्वं येनेदं निर्मितं जगत् ॥ १२.१२.३८ ॥
The divisions of the social orders and life-stages were established by the Lord, by whom this world was created together with gods, asuras and gandharvas.
12.12.39
त्वं चान्ये च महाराज ईश्वरस्य वशे स्थिताः ।
जीवन्ते च म्रियन्ते च न स्वतन्त्राः कथंचन ॥ १२.१२.३९ ॥
O great king, you and the others abide under the power of the Lord; they live and die, and are in no way independent.
12.12.40
हित्वाहित्वा च भूतानि हत्वा सर्वमिदं जगत् ।
यजन्ते कर्मणा देवा न स पापेन लिप्यते ॥ १२.१२.४० ॥
Having repeatedly abandoned beings and slain this entire world, the gods sacrifice through action; he is not stained by sin.
12.12.41
हिंसात्मकानि कर्माणि सर्वेषां गृहमेधिनाम् ।
देवतानामृषीणां च ते च यान्ति परां गतिम् ॥ १२.१२.४१ ॥
The violent actions of all householders, and those of gods and sages — they too attain the supreme goal.
12.12.42
पातिताः शत्रवः पूर्व सर्वत्र वसुधाधिपैः ।
प्रजानां हितकामैश्च आत्मनश्च हितैषिभिः। ॥ १२.१२.४२ ॥
In former times, everywhere, the lords of the earth struck down their enemies, desiring the welfare of their subjects and seeking their own good.
12.12.43
यदि तत्र भवेत्पापं कथं ते स्वर्गमास्थिताः ।
न प्राप्ता नरकं राजन्वेष्टिताः पापकर्मभिः ॥ १२.१२.४३ ॥
If there had been sin there, how did they attain heaven? O king, though enveloped by sinful deeds, they did not reach hell.
12.12.44
एवं मनःसमाधानं मार्गमातिष्ठतो नृप ।
द्विजातेर्ब्रह्मभूतस्य स्पृहयन्ति दिवौकसः ॥ १२.१२.४४ ॥
Thus, O king, the dwellers of heaven desire the twice-born who follows the path of mental composure and has become Brahman.
12.12.45
स रत्नानि विचित्राणि संहृतानि ततस्ततः ।
मखेष्वनभिसन्त्यज्य नास्तिक्यमभिजल्पसि ॥ १२.१२.४५ ॥
He gathered various jewels from here and there; yet without renouncing the sacrifices, you speak of unbelief.
12.12.46
कुटुम्बमास्थिते त्यागं न पश्यामि नराधिप ।
राजसूयाश्वमेधेषु सर्वमेधेषु वा पुनः ॥ १२.१२.४६ ॥
O lord of men, I do not see renunciation in one who dwells in the household; in the Rājasūya and Aśvamedha, or in all the sacrifices again.
12.12.47
ये चान्ये क्रतवस्तात ब्राह्मणैरभिपूजिताः ।
तैर्यजस्व महीपाल शक्रो देवपतिर्यथा। ॥ १२.१२.४७ ॥
Dear one, perform those other sacrifices honored by the brahmins, O protector of the earth, as Indra, lord of the gods, does.
12.12.48
राज्ञः प्रमाददोषेण दस्युभिः परिमुष्यताम् ।
अशरण्यः प्रजानां यः स राजा कलिरुच्यते ॥ १२.१२.४८ ॥
The king who, through the fault of negligence, lets his subjects be plundered by robbers, and gives them no refuge, is called Kali.
12.12.49
अश्वान्गाश्चैव दासीश्च करेणूश्च स्वलंकृताः ।
ग्रामाञ्जनपदांश्चैव क्षेत्राणि च गृहाणि च ॥ १२.१२.४९ ॥
Horses, cows, female servants, well-adorned she-elephants, villages and territories, fields and houses as well.
12.12.50
अप्रदाय द्विजातिभ्यो मात्सर्याविष्टचेतसः ।
वयं ते राजकलयो भविष्याम विशांपते ॥ १२.१२.५० ॥
Not giving to the twice-born, with minds seized by envy, we shall become your evil kings, O lord of the people.
12.12.51
अदातारोऽशरण्याश्च राजकिल्विषभागिनः ।
दुःखानामेव भोक्तारो न सुखानां कदाचन ॥ १२.१२.५१ ॥
Those who do not give and offer no refuge share the king's sin; they only ever enjoy sorrows, never pleasures.
12.12.52
अनिष्ट्वा च महायज्ञैरकृत्वा च पितृस्वधाम् ।
तीर्थेष्वनभिसंप्लुत्य प्रव्रजिष्यसि चेत्प्रभो ॥ १२.१२.५२ ॥
O lord, if you go forth into renunciation without performing great sacrifices, without offering svadhā to the ancestors, and without bathing at the sacred fords…
12.12.53
छिन्नाभ्रमिव गन्तासि विलयं मारुतेरितम् ।
लोकयोरुभयोर्भ्रष्टो ह्यन्तराले व्यवस्थितः ॥ १२.१२.५३ ॥
You will vanish like a torn cloud driven by the wind, fallen from both worlds and remaining suspended in between.
12.12.54
अन्तर्बहिश्च यत्किंचिन्मनोव्यासङ्गकारकम् ।
परित्यज्य भवेत्त्यागी न हित्वा प्रतितिष्ठति ॥ १२.१२.५४ ॥
Whatever within or without causes the mind to cling, having abandoned that alone does one become a renouncer; without abandoning it, one does not stand firm.
12.12.55
एतस्मिन्वर्तमानस्य विधौ विप्रनिषेविते ।
ब्राह्मणस्य महाराज नोच्छित्तिर्विद्यते क्वचित् ॥ १२.१२.५५ ॥
O great king, for a brahmin who abides in this rule followed by brahmins, there is never any loss.
12.12.56
निहत्य शत्रूंस्तरसा समृद्धाञ्शक्रो यथा दैत्यबलानि सङ्ख्ये ।
कः पार्थ शोचेन्निरतः स्वधर्मे पूर्वैः स्मृते पार्थिवशिष्टजुष्टे ॥ १२.१२.५६ ॥
O Pārtha, who would grieve, having swiftly slain his enemies as Indra destroys the armies of the daityas in battle, devoted to his own duty, following the path remembered by the ancestors and followed by the wise kings?
12.12.57
क्षात्रेण धर्मेण पराक्रमेण जित्वा महीं मन्त्रविद्भ्यः प्रदाय ।
नाकस्य पृष्ठेऽसि नरेन्द्र गन्ता न शोचितव्यं भवताऽद्य पार्थ ॥ १२.१२.५७ ॥
Having conquered the earth by the warrior's duty and valour, and given it to those skilled in counsel, O lord of men, you shall go to the back of heaven. O Pārtha, today you should not grieve.