Mahābhārata · Adhyāya 12.123
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12.123.1
तात धर्मार्थकामानां श्रोतुमिच्छामि निश्चयम् ।
लोकयात्रा हि कार्त्स्न्येन त्रिष्वेतेषु प्रतिष्ठिता ॥ १२.१२३.१ ॥
Dear one, I wish to hear the settled truth about duty, wealth and pleasure, for the course of worldly life rests entirely upon these three.
12.123.2
धर्मार्थकामाः किंमूलाः प्रभवः प्रलयश्च कः ।
अन्योन्यं चानुषज्जन्ते वर्तन्ते च पृथक्पृथक् ॥ १२.१२३.२ ॥
What is the root of duty, wealth and pleasure? What is their origin and their dissolution? How are they bound to one another, and how do they each proceed separately?
12.123.3
य एते स्युः सुमनसो लोकसंस्थार्थनिश्चये ।
कामप्रभवसंस्थासु सज्जन्ते च त्रयस्तदा ॥ १२.१२३.३ ॥
When these three, well-disposed toward determining the ordering of the world and its aims, then cling to the states arising from desire.
12.123.4
धर्ममूलोऽर्थ इत्युक्तः कामोऽर्थफलमुच्यते ।
संकल्पमूलास्ते सर्वे संकल्पो विषयात्मकः ॥ १२.१२३.४ ॥
Artha is said to be rooted in dharma, and kāma is declared to be the fruit of artha. All of these are rooted in intention, and intention has objects as its nature.
12.123.5
विषयाश्चैव कार्त्स्न्येन सर्व आहारसिद्धये ।
मूलमेतन्त्रिवर्गस्य निवृत्तिर्मोक्ष उच्यते ॥ १२.१२३.५ ॥
All sense-objects, entirely, exist for the accomplishment of sustenance; these are the root of the triad. Cessation from them is called liberation.
12.123.6
धर्मः शरीरसंगुप्तिर्धर्मार्थश्चार्थ इष्यते ।
कामो रतिफलश्चात्र सर्वे रतिफलाः स्मृताः ॥ १२.१२३.६ ॥
Dharma is the protection of the body; wealth that serves dharma is considered artha. Here kāma's fruit is delight (rati); all of them are remembered as having delight as their fruit.
12.123.7
सन्निकृष्टांश्चरेदेतान्न चैतान्मनसा त्यजेत् ।
विमुक्तस्तपसा सर्वान्धर्मादीन्कामनैष्ठिकान् ॥ १२.१२३.७ ॥
One may practise these that lie near at hand, but should not abandon them in the mind. Liberated through austerity, one should give up all of dharma and the rest that are devoted to desire.
12.123.8
श्रेष्ठबुद्धिस्त्रिवर्गस्य उदयं प्राप्नुयात्क्षणात् ।
कर्मणा बुद्धिपूर्वेण भवत्यर्थो न वा पुनः ॥ १२.१२३.८ ॥
One of excellent intellect may attain the rise of the triad in an instant. By action preceded by intention, wealth comes to be, or it does not.
12.123.9
अर्थार्थमन्यद्भवति विपरीतमथापरम् ।
अनर्थार्थमवाप्यार्थमन्यत्राद्योपकारकम्।
बुद्ध्या बुद्ध इहार्थेन तदह्ना तु निकृष्टया ॥ १२.१२३.९ ॥
What is done for wealth becomes something else, something reversed, and something further. Having obtained wealth for the sake of non-wealth, a man becomes one serving some other chief benefit. Here one awakened by intellect understands it through wealth, together with that inferior day.
12.123.10
अपध्यानमलो धर्मो मलोऽर्थस्य निगूहनम् ।
संप्रमोहमलः कामो भूयस्तद्गुणवर्धितः ॥ १२.१२३.१० ॥
Wrongful thought is the impurity of dharma; concealment is the impurity of wealth. Utter delusion is the impurity of desire, and that, increased by its own qualities, grows ever more.
12.123.11
अत्राप्युदाहरन्तीममितिहासं पुरातनम् ।
अरिष्टस्य च संवादं कामन्दस्य च भारत ॥ १२.१२३.११ ॥
Here too they recount this ancient history, O Bhārata: the dialogue of Ariṣṭa and Kāmanda.
12.123.12
कामन्दमृषिमासीनमभिवाद्य नराधिपः ।
आङ्गोरिष्ठोऽथ पप्रच्छ कृत्वा समयमव्ययम् ॥ १२.१२३.१२ ॥
The sage Kāmanda being seated, the lord of men Āṅgoriṣṭha, having saluted him and made an imperishable compact, then asked.
12.123.13
यः पापं कुरुते राजा काममोहबलात्कृतः ।
प्रत्यासन्नस्य तस्यर्षे किं स्यात्पापप्रणाशनम् ॥ १२.१२३.१३ ॥
What would destroy the sin of a king who, driven by the force of desire and delusion, commits evil, O sage, when his end is near?
12.123.14
अधर्मं धर्म इति च यो मोहादाचरेन्नरः ।
तं चापि प्रथितं लोके कथं राजा निवर्तयेत् ॥ १२.१२३.१४ ॥
How should a king turn back a man who, out of delusion, practices unrighteousness as if it were righteousness, a practice well known in the world?
12.123.15
यो धर्मार्थौ परित्यज्य काममेवानुवर्तते ।
स धर्मार्थपरित्यागात्प्रज्ञानाशमिहार्च्छति ॥ १२.१२३.१५ ॥
He who, abandoning dharma and wealth, follows only desire, here incurs the destruction of wisdom through the abandonment of dharma and wealth.
12.123.16
प्रज्ञानाशात्मको मोहस्तथा धर्मार्थनाशकः ।
तस्मान्नास्तिकता चैव दुराचारश्च जायते ॥ १२.१२३.१६ ॥
Delusion, whose nature is the destruction of wisdom, likewise destroys dharma and wealth; therefore disbelief and wrongdoing arise.
12.123.17
दुराचारान्यदा राजा प्रदुष्टान्न नियच्छति ।
तस्मादुद्विजते लोकः सर्पाद्वेश्मगतादिव ॥ १२.१२३.१७ ॥
When a king does not restrain wrongdoers and the corrupt, the people are agitated, as if by a snake that has entered the house.
12.123.18
तं प्रजा नानुरज्यन्ते न विप्रा न च साधवः ।
ततः संक्षयमाप्नोति तथा वध्यत्वमेव च ॥ १२.१२३.१८ ॥
The subjects do not hold him dear, nor do the brahmins or the good; then he meets ruin and also becomes fit to be slain.
12.123.19
अपध्वस्तस्त्ववमतो दुःखं जीवति जीवितम् ।
जीवते यदपध्वस्तः शुद्धं मरणमेव तत् ॥ १२.१२३.१९ ॥
The fallen and despised man lives a life of sorrow; to live fallen is indeed a pure death.
12.123.20
अत्रैतदाहुराचार्याः पापस्य परिवर्तनम् ।
सेवितव्या त्रयी विद्या सत्कारो ब्राह्मणेषु च ॥ १२.१२३.२० ॥
Here the teachers say this is the reversal of sin: one should practise the threefold Vedic learning and show honour to the brahmins.
12.123.21
महामना भवेद्धर्मे विवहेच्च महाकुले ।
ब्राह्मणांश्चापि सेवेत क्षमायुक्तान्मनस्विनः ॥ १२.१२३.२१ ॥
Let him be generous in dharma, marry into a great family, and serve brahmins who are endowed with patience and wisdom.
12.123.22
जपेदुदकशीलः स्यात्सुमुखो न च नास्तिकः ।
धर्मान्वितान्संप्रविशेद्बहिः प्लुत्यैव दुष्कृतम् ॥ १२.१२३.२२ ॥
Let him recite prayers, delight in water-purification, keep a cheerful face, and not be a non-believer. Let him enter the company of the righteous; by bathing he should wash off the evil deed outwardly.
12.123.23
प्रसादयेन्मधुरया वाचा वाऽप्यथ कर्मणा ।
इत्यस्तीति वदेन्नित्यं परेषां कीर्तयन्गुणान् ॥ १२.१२३.२३ ॥
Let him please others with sweet speech or with deeds; let him always say, 'It is so,' and praise the virtues of others.
12.123.24
अपापो ह्येवमाचारः क्षिप्रं बहुमतो भवेत् ।
पापान्यपि हि कृच्छ्राणि शमयेन्नात्र संशयः ॥ १२.१२३.२४ ॥
By such conduct a man quickly becomes sinless and highly esteemed; even grievous sins he can allay—of this there is no doubt.
12.123.25
गुरवो हि परं धर्मं यं ब्रूयुस्तं तथा कुरु ।
गुरूणां हि प्रसादाद्वै श्रेयः परमवाप्स्यसि ॥ १२.१२३.२५ ॥
Do as the teachers declare to be the highest duty; by the favour of the teachers you will indeed attain the supreme good.