Mahābhārata · Adhyāya 12.124
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12.124.1
इमे जना मनुष्येन्द्र प्रशंसन्ति सदा भुवि ।
धर्मस्य शीलमेवादौ ततो मे संशयो महान् ॥ १२.१२४.१ ॥
O lord of men, these people always praise, above all, the conduct of dharma, and therefore a great doubt arises in me.
12.124.2
यदि तच्छक्यमस्माभिर्ज्ञातुं धर्मभूतां वर ।
श्रोतुमिच्छामि तत्सर्वं यथैतदुपलभ्यते ॥ १२.१२४.२ ॥
O best of the righteous, if it can be known by us, I wish to hear all of it, how it is obtained.
12.124.3
कथं तत्प्राप्यते शीलं श्रोतुमिच्छामि भारत ।
किंलक्षणं च तत्प्रोक्तं ब्रूहि मे वदतां वर ॥ १२.१२४.३ ॥
O Bhārata, I wish to hear how that conduct is obtained; and what characteristic of it has been declared? Tell me, O best of speakers.
12.124.4
पुरा दुर्योधनेनेह धृतराष्ट्राय मानद ।
आख्यातं तप्यमानेन श्रियं दृष्ट्वा तवागताम् ॥ १२.१२४.४ ॥
O giver of honour, formerly here, Duryodhana, tormented with grief, having seen the prosperity that had come to you, told it to Dhṛtarāṣṭra.
12.124.5
इन्द्रप्रस्थे महाराज तव सभ्रातृकस्य ह ।
सभायां चापहसनं तत्सर्वं शृणु भारत ॥ १२.१२४.५ ॥
O great king, at Indraprastha, in your assembly together with your brothers, the mockery that took place — listen to all of it, O Bhārata.
12.124.6
भवतस्तां सभां दृष्ट्वा समृद्धिं चाप्यनुत्तमाम् ।
दुर्योधनस्तदा दीनः सर्वं पित्रे न्यवेदयत् ॥ १२.१२४.६ ॥
Having seen your assembly hall and its unsurpassed prosperity, the dejected Duryodhana then reported everything to his father.
12.124.7
श्रुत्वा हि धृतराष्ट्रश्च दुर्योधनवचस्तदा ।
अब्रवीत्कर्णसहितं दुर्योधनमिदं वचः ॥ १२.१२४.७ ॥
Having heard Duryodhana's words, Dhṛtarāṣṭra then spoke this word to Duryodhana, together with Karṇa.
12.124.8
किमर्थं तप्यसे पुत्र श्रोतुमिच्छामि तत्त्वतः ।
श्रुत्वा त्वामनुनेष्यामि यदि सम्यग्भविष्यति ॥ १२.१२४.८ ॥
Son, why are you distressed? I wish to hear the truth of it. Having heard you, I will console you, if it is fitting.
12.124.9
यदा त्वां महदैश्वर्यं प्राप्तं परपुरंजय ।
किंकरा भ्रातरः सर्वे मित्रसंबन्धिबान्धवाः ॥ १२.१२४.९ ॥
O conqueror of enemy cities, when great sovereignty has been attained by you, and all your brothers, friends, relatives and kinsmen are your servants,
12.124.10
आच्छादयसि प्रावारानश्नासि पिशितौदनम् ।
आजानेया वहन्ति त्वां कस्माच्छेचसि पुत्रक ॥ १२.१२४.१० ॥
You wear fine cloaks and eat rice with meat, and thoroughbred horses carry you. Why then do you grieve, my son?
12.124.11
दश तात सहस्राणि स्नातकानां महात्मनाम् ।
भुञ्जते रुक्मपात्रीभिर्युधिष्ठिरनिवेशने ॥ १२.१२४.११ ॥
Father, in the dwelling of Yudhiṣṭhira, ten thousand great-souled graduates eat from golden vessels.
12.124.12
दृष्ट्वा च तां सभां दिव्यपुष्पफलान्विताम् ।
अश्वांस्तित्तिरकल्माषान्रत्नानि विविधानि च ॥ १२.१२४.१२ ॥
Having seen that assembly hall endowed with divine flowers and fruits, the horses of partridge-hue and spotted, and jewels of many kinds—
12.124.13
दृष्ट्वा तां पाण्डवेयानामृद्धिमिन्द्रोपमां शुभाम् ।
अमित्राणां सुमहतीमनुशोचामि मानद ॥ १२.१२४.१३ ॥
Seeing that splendid, Indra-like prosperity of the Pāṇḍavas, O giver of honour, I grieve greatly for the enemies.
12.124.14
यदीच्छसि श्रियं तात यादृशी सा युधिष्ठिरे ।
विशिष्टां वा नरश्रेष्ठ शीलवान्भव पुत्रक ॥ १२.१२४.१४ ॥
If you desire fortune such as Yudhiṣṭhira's, or even greater, then become a man of good character, best of men, my son.
12.124.15
शीलेन हि त्रयो लोकाः शक्या जेतुं न संशयः ।
न हि किंचिदसाध्यंवै लोके शीलवतां सताम् ॥ १२.१२४.१५ ॥
Indeed the three worlds can be conquered by good character; there is no doubt. In the world, nothing is unattainable for good men of good character.
12.124.16
एकरात्रेण मान्धाता त्र्यहेण जनमेजयः ।
सप्तरात्रेण नाभागः पृथिवीं प्रतिपेदिवान् ॥ १२.१२४.१६ ॥
Māndhātā obtained the earth in one night, Janamejaya in three days, and Nābhāga in seven nights.
12.124.17
एते हि पार्थिवाः सर्वे शीलवन्तो यशोन्विताः ।
ततस्तेषां गुणक्रीता वसुधा स्वयमागता ॥ १२.१२४.१७ ॥
All these kings were men of good character and renown; therefore the earth, won by their virtues, came to them of its own accord.
12.124.18
कथं तत्प्राप्यते शीलं श्रोतुमिच्छामि भारत ।
येन शीलेन संप्राप्ताः क्षिप्रमेव वसुंधराम् ॥ १२.१२४.१८ ॥
O Bhārata, I wish to hear how that good character is obtained, by which men quickly win the earth.
12.124.19
अत्राप्युदाहरन्तीममितिहासं पुरातनम् ।
नारदेन पुरा वृत्तं शीलमाश्रित्य भारत ॥ १२.१२४.१९ ॥
Here too they recite this ancient story that once happened to Nārada, relying on good disposition, O descendant of Bharata.
12.124.20
प्रा…देन हृतं राज्यं महेन्द्रस्य महात्मनः ।
श…माश्रित्य दैत्येन त्रैलोक्यं च वशे कृतम् ॥ १२.१२४.२० ॥
…the god seized the kingdom of the great-souled Mahendra; relying on …, the Daitya brought the three worlds under his control.
12.124.21
त…बृहस्पतिं शक्रः प्राञ्जलिः समुपस्थितः ।
तमुवाच महाप्राज्ञः श्रेय इच्छामि वेदितुम् ॥ १२.१२४.२१ ॥
…Śakra approached Bṛhaspati with folded hands and said to that very wise one, "I wish to know the highest good."
12.124.22
ततो बृहस्पतिस्तस्मै ज्ञानं नैश्रेयसं परम् ।
कथयामास भगवान्देवेन्द्राय कुरूद्वह ॥ १२.१२४.२२ ॥
Then the blessed Bṛhaspati declared that supreme knowledge leading to the highest good to Indra, O best of the Kurus.
12.124.23
एतावच्छ्रेय इत्येव बृहस्पतिरभाषत ।
इन्द्रस्तु भूयः पप्रच्छ को विशेषो भवेदिति ॥ १२.१२४.२३ ॥
"This much is the highest good," said Bṛhaspati. But Indra asked again, "What distinction could there be beyond this?"
12.124.24
विशेषोऽस्ति महांस्तात भार्गवस्य महात्मनः ।
तत्रागमय भद्रं ते भूय एव सुरोत्तम ॥ १२.१२४.२४ ॥
"Dear one, there is a great distinction with the great-souled one of Bhṛgu's line. Best of the gods, may good come to you; go there and obtain it again."
12.124.25
आत्मनस्तु ततः श्रेयो भार्गवः सुमहायशाः ।
ज्ञानमागमयत्प्रीत्या पुनः स परमद्युतिः ॥ १२.१२४.२५ ॥
Then the greatly famed Bhārgava sought the highest good for himself, and that supremely brilliant one, with delight, again obtained knowledge.
12.124.26
तेनापि समनुज्ञातो भार्गवेण महात्मना ।
श्रेयोऽस्तीति परं भूयः शुक्रमाह शतक्रतुः ॥ १२.१२४.२६ ॥
Having been given leave by that great-souled Bhārgava, Śatakratu again said to Śukra that there is a supreme good.
12.124.27
भार्गवस्त्वाह सर्वज्ञः प्रह्लादस्य महात्मनः ।
ज्ञानमस्ति विशेषेणेत्युक्तो हृष्टश्च सोऽभवत् ॥ १२.१२४.२७ ॥
The all-knowing Bhārgava said that the great-souled Prahlāda possesses knowledge in particular; having been told so, he became delighted.
12.124.28
स तत्र ब्राह्मणो भूत्वा प्रह्लादं पाकशासनः ।
स्तुत्वा प्रोवाच मेधावी श्रेय इच्छामि वेदितुम् ॥ १२.१२४.२८ ॥
There, having taken the form of a brahmin, Pākaśāsana (Indra) praised Prahlāda, and the wise one said: "I wish to learn the highest good."
12.124.29
प्रह्लादस्त्वब्रवीद्विप्रं क्षणो नास्ति द्विजोत्तम ।
त्रैलोक्यराज्यसक्तस्य ततो नोपदिशामि ते ॥ १२.१२४.२९ ॥
But Prahlāda said to the brahmin: "There is not a moment, best of the twice-born; since I am attached to the kingdom of the three worlds, I shall not instruct you."
12.124.30
ब्राह्मणस्त्वब्रवीद्राजन्यस्मिन्काले क्षणो भवेत् ।
तदोपादेष्टुमिच्छामि यदि कार्यान्तरं भवेत् ॥ १२.१२४.३० ॥
The brahmin said: "O king, if in this time there should be a moment, and if there is other business, then I wish to receive instruction."
12.124.31
ततः प्रीतोऽभवद्राजा प्रह्वादो ब्रह्मवादिनः ।
तथेत्युक्त्वा ददौ काले ज्ञानतत्त्वं द्विजे तदा ॥ १२.१२४.३१ ॥
Then King Prahlāda, pleased with the speaker of the Veda, said, "So be it," and at that time gave the essence of knowledge to the twice-born man.
12.124.32
ब्राह्मणोऽपि यथान्यायं गुरुवृत्तिमनुत्तमाम् ।
चकार सर्वभावेन यद्यच्च मनसेच्छति ॥ १२.१२४.३२ ॥
The brahmin too, in due order, performed the supreme service of a teacher with his whole being, doing whatever his mind desired.
12.124.33
पृष्टश्च तेन बहुशः प्राप्तं कथमरिंदम् ।
त्रैलोक्यराज्यं धर्मज्ञ कारणं तद्ब्रवीहि मे।
प्रह्लादोऽपि महाराज ब्राह्मणं वाक्यमब्रवीत् ॥ १२.१२४.३३ ॥
Asked again and again by him, "O subduer of foes, how was sovereignty over the three worlds attained? O knower of dharma, tell me its cause." O great king, Prahlāda also spoke these words to the brahmin.
12.124.34
नासूयामि द्विजान्विप्र राजास्मीति कथंचन ।
काम्यानि वदतां तेषां संयच्छामि वहामि च ॥ १२.१२४.३४ ॥
O brahmin, I never envy the twice-born, thinking, "I am a king." Whatever desired words they speak, I restrain myself and bear them.
12.124.35
ते विस्रब्धाः प्रभाषन्ते संयच्छन्ति च मां सदा ।
तेषां कार्यपथे युक्तं शुश्रूषुमनहंकृतम् ॥ १२.१२४.३५ ॥
They speak with confidence and always restrain me. For their path of duty, one who is fit, attentive in service, and free from pride is the right person.
12.124.36
धर्मात्मानं जितक्रोधं नियतं संयतेन्द्रियम् ।
समासिञ्चन्ति शास्त्रज्ञाः क्षौद्रं मध्विव मक्षिकाः ॥ १२.१२४.३६ ॥
On the man whose self is dharma, who has conquered anger, who is steady and has restrained his senses, the knowers of the scriptures pour out knowledge as flies pour over honey.
12.124.37
सोऽहं वागग्रविद्यानां रसानामवलेहिता ।
स्वजात्यानधितिष्ठामि नक्षत्राणीव चन्द्रमाः ॥ १२.१२४.३७ ॥
I am one who savours the essences of knowledge at the tip of the tongue, yet I do not rule over my own kind as the moon rules over the stars.
12.124.38
एतत्पृथिव्याममृतमेतच्चक्षुरनुत्तमम् ।
यद्ब्राह्मणमुखे हव्यमेतच्छ्रुत्वा प्रवर्तते ॥ १२.१२४.३८ ॥
This on earth is nectar, this is the supreme eye: that an oblation is placed in a brahmin's mouth, and it is by hearing this that the rite proceeds.
12.124.39
एतावच्छेय इत्याह प्रह्लादो ब्रह्मवादिनम् ।
शुश्रूषितस्तेन तदा दैत्येन्द्रो वाक्यमब्रवीत् ॥ १२.१२४.३९ ॥
'This much is the highest good,' thus said Prahlāda to the speaker of Brahman; then, pleased with his service, the lord of the Daityas spoke these words.
12.124.40
यथावद्गुरुवृत्त्या ते प्रीतोऽस्मि द्विजसत्तम ।
वरं वृणीष्व भद्रं ते प्रदाताऽस्मि न संशयः ॥ १२.१२४.४० ॥
O best of the twice-born, I am duly pleased with you for your conduct as a teacher's pupil. Choose a boon, may good befall you; I will surely give it, there is no doubt.
12.124.41
कृतमित्येव दैत्येन्द्रमुवाच द्विजसत्तमः ।
प्रह्लादस्त्वब्रवीत्प्रीतो गृह्यतां वर इत्युत ॥ १२.१२४.४१ ॥
'It is done,' thus the best of the twice-born said to the lord of the Daityas; and Prahlāda, pleased, said, 'Let the boon be accepted.'
12.124.42
यदि राजन्प्रसन्नस्त्वं मम चेदिच्छसि प्रियम् ।
भवतः शीलमिच्छामि प्राप्नुमेष वरो मम ॥ १२.१२४.४२ ॥
O king, if you are pleased with me and wish to do me a favour, I desire to attain your character; this is my boon.
12.124.43
ततः प्रीतस्तु दैत्येन्द्रो भयमस्याभवन्महत् ।
वरे प्रदिष्टे विप्रेण नाल्पचेतायमित्युत ॥ १२.१२४.४३ ॥
Then the lord of the Daityas, pleased, was struck by great fear, when the brahmin granted the boon: 'He is not of small mind.'
12.124.44
एवमस्त्विति स प्राह प्रह्लादो विस्मितस्तदा ।
उपाकृत्य तु विप्राय वरं दुःखान्वितोऽभवत् ॥ १२.१२४.४४ ॥
'So be it,' said Prahlāda, astonished; having granted the boon to the brahmin, he was filled with sorrow.
12.124.45
दत्ते वरे गते विप्रे चिन्ताऽसीन्महती तदा ।
प्रह्लादस्य महाराज निश्चयं न च जग्मिवान् ॥ १२.१२४.४५ ॥
When the boon had been given and the brahmin had gone, great anxiety arose in Prahlāda, O great king; he could reach no resolve.
12.124.46
तस्य चिन्तयतस्तावच्छायाभूतं महाद्युतेः ।
तेजोविग्रहवत्तात शरीरमजहात्तदा ॥ १२.१२४.४६ ॥
While he was pondering, dear one, the body of that greatly radiant one became a shadow, and like a form of light it left him then.
12.124.47
तमपृच्छन्महाराजः प्रह्लादः को भवानिति ।
प्रत्याह तं तु शीलोस्मि त्यक्तो गच्छाम्यहं त्वया ॥ १२.१२४.४७ ॥
Great king Prahlāda asked him, 'Who are you?' He replied to him: 'I am Character (śīla); you have abandoned me, and I am going.'
12.124.48
तस्मिन्द्विजोत्तमे राजन्वत्स्याम्यहमरिंदम ।
योऽसौ शिष्यत्वमागम्य त्वयि नित्यं समाहितः।
इत्युक्त्वाऽन्तर्हितं तद्वै शक्रं चान्वाविशत्प्रभो ॥ १२.१२४.४८ ॥
'O king, subduer of enemies, I shall dwell in that best of brahmins, who came as a disciple and is always steadfast toward you.' Having said this, it vanished, and, O lord, it entered Indra.
12.124.49
तस्मिंस्तेजसि याते तु तादृग्रूपस्ततोपरः ।
शरीरान्निः सृतस्तस्य को भवानिति सोब्रवीत् ॥ १२.१२४.४९ ॥
When that radiance had departed, another of the same form came forth from his body. Asked, "Who are you?", he replied.
12.124.50
धर्मं प्रह्लाद मां विद्धि यत्रासौ द्विजसत्तमः ।
तत्र यास्यामि दैत्येन्द्र यतः शीलं ततो ह्यहम् ॥ १२.१२४.५० ॥
"Prahlāda, know me as Dharma. Lord of the Daityas, I will go wherever that best of the twice-born is, for my nature is there."
12.124.51
ततोऽपरो महाराज प्रज्वलन्निव तेजसा ।
शरीरान्निः सृतस्तस्य प्रह्लादस्य महात्मनः ॥ १२.१२४.५१ ॥
Then, great king, another, blazing as if with radiance, came forth from the body of the great-souled Prahlāda.
12.124.52
को भवानिति पृष्टश्च तमाह स महाद्युतिः ।
सत्यं विद्ध्यसुरेन्द्राद्य प्रयास्ये धर्ममन्वहम् ॥ १२.१२४.५२ ॥
Asked "Who are you?", that greatly radiant one answered him: "Lord of the Asuras, know this to be true. From today on I shall go to Dharma day by day."
12.124.53
तस्मिन्ननुगते धर्मं पुरुषे पुरुषोऽपरः ।
निश्चक्राम ततस्तस्मात्पृष्टश्चाह महातपाः ॥ १२.१२४.५३ ॥
When that dharma-person had followed on, another person came forth from him; and when asked, the one of great austerity replied.
12.124.54
वृत्तं प्रह्लाद मां विद्धि यतः सत्यं ततो ह्यहम् ।
तस्मिन्गते महाश्वेता शरीरात्तस्य निर्ययौ ॥ १२.१२४.५४ ॥
"Prahlāda, know me as conduct, for I am truth, and therefore I am that." When he had gone, the great white one went forth from his body.
12.124.55
पृष्टश्चाह बलं विद्धि यतो वृत्तमहं ततः ।
इत्युक्त्वा प्रययौ तत्र यतो वृत्तं नराधिप ॥ १२.१२४.५५ ॥
Asked, she said: 'Know that I am strength, for conduct comes from me.' Having said this, she went to the place where conduct was, O lord of men.
12.124.56
ततः प्रभामयी देवी शरीरात्तस्य निर्ययौ ।
तामपृच्छत्स दैत्येन्द्रः सा श्रीरित्येनमब्रवीत् ॥ १२.१२४.५६ ॥
Then from his body came forth the radiant goddess. The lord of the Daityas asked her, and she said to him: 'I am Śrī.'
12.124.57
उषिताऽस्मि सुखं नित्यं त्वयि सत्यपराक्रम ।
त्वया युक्ता गमिष्यामि बलं ह्यनुगता ह्यहम् ॥ १२.१२४.५७ ॥
'O you of true valour, I have dwelt happily in you always. Now, no longer joined with you, I shall depart; following strength, I myself shall go.'
12.124.58
ततो भयं प्रादुरासीत्प्रह्लादस्य महात्मनः ।
अपृच्छत च तां भूयः क्व यासि कमलालये ॥ १२.१२४.५८ ॥
Then fear arose in the great-souled Prahlāda, and he asked her again: 'O lotus-dwelling one, where are you going?'
12.124.59
त्वं हि सत्यव्रता देवी लोकस्य परमेश्वरी ।
कश्चासौ ब्राह्मणश्रेष्ठस्तत्त्वमिच्छामि वेदितुम् ॥ १२.१२४.५९ ॥
'You are indeed the goddess of true vow, the supreme sovereign of the world. Who is that best of brahmins? I wish to know that.'
12.124.60
स शक्तो ब्रह्मचारी यस्त्वत्तश्चैवोपशिक्षितः ।
त्रैलोक्ये ते यदश्वर्यं तत्तेनापहृतं प्रभो ॥ १२.१२४.६० ॥
'That celibate student is able, for he was instructed by you. O lord, the sovereignty you held in the three worlds has been seized by him.'
12.124.61
शीलेन हि त्रयो लोकास्त्वया धर्मज्ञ निर्जिताः ।
तद्विज्ञाय सुरेन्द्रेण तव शीलं हृतं प्रभो ॥ १२.१२४.६१ ॥
O knower of dharma, by character alone you conquered the three worlds; knowing this, the lord of the gods, O lord, took away your character.
12.124.62
धर्मः सत्यं तथा वृत्तं बलं चैव तथाऽप्यहम् ।
शीलमूला महाप्राज्ञ सदा नास्त्यत्र संशयः ॥ १२.१२४.६२ ॥
Dharma, truth, conduct, strength, and I as well, O greatly wise one, are always rooted in character; of this there is no doubt.
12.124.63
एवमुक्त्वा गता श्रीस्तु ते च सर्वे युधिष्ठिर ।
दुर्योधनस्तु पितरं भूय एवाब्रवीत्तदा ॥ १२.१२४.६३ ॥
Having spoken thus, Śrī departed, and all of them too, O Yudhiṣṭhira. But Duryodhana then spoke again to his father.
12.124.64
शीलस्य तत्त्वमिच्छामि वेत्तुं कौरवनन्दन ।
प्राप्यते च यथा शीलं तं चोपायं ब्रवीहि मे ॥ १२.१२४.६४ ॥
O joy of the Kurus, I wish to know the true nature of character, and how character is attained — tell me that means.
12.124.65
सोपायं पूर्वमुद्दिष्टं प्रह्लादेन महात्मना ।
संक्षेपतस्तु शीलस्य शृणु प्राप्तिं नरेश्वर ॥ १२.१२४.६५ ॥
This was declared long ago, with its means, by the great-souled Prahlāda. Briefly, O lord of men, listen to the attainment of character.
12.124.66
अद्रोहः सर्वभूतेषु कर्मणा मनसा गिरा ।
अनुग्रहश्च दानं च शीलमेतत्प्रशस्यते ॥ १२.१२४.६६ ॥
Non-injury toward all beings in deed, mind, and speech, kindness, and giving — this is what character is praised as.
12.124.67
यदन्येषां हितं न स्यादात्मनः कर्म पौरुषम् ।
अपत्रपेत वा येन न तत्कुर्यात्कथंचन ॥ १२.१२४.६७ ॥
Whatever deed is not for the benefit of others, is not a manly deed of one's own, or would bring shame, one should never do in any way.
12.124.68
तत्तु कर्म तथा कुर्याद्येन श्लाध्येत संसदि ।
शीलं समासेनैतत्ते कथितं कुरुसत्तम ॥ १२.१२४.६८ ॥
One should do exactly that deed by which one is praised in the assembly. Best of the Kurus, I have told you this conduct in brief.
12.124.69
यद्यप्यशीला नृपते प्राप्नुवन्ति श्रियं क्वचित् ।
न भुञ्जते चिरं तात समूलाश्च पतन्ति ते ॥ १२.१२४.६९ ॥
Even though the ill-natured sometimes obtain fortune, O king, they do not enjoy it for long; dear son, they fall, root and branch.
12.124.70
एतद्विदित्वा तत्त्वेन शीलवान्भव पुत्रक ।
यदीच्छसि श्रियं तात सुविशिष्टां युधिष्ठिरात्।
अधिकां चापि राजेन्द्र ततस्त्वं शीलवान्भवा ॥ १२.१२४.७० ॥
Knowing this truly, my son, become virtuous. Dear son, if you desire fortune especially excellent and greater even than Yudhiṣṭhira's, then, lord of kings, become virtuous.
12.124.71
एतत्कथितवान्पुत्रे धृतराष्ट्रो महीपतिः ।
एतत्कुरुष्व कौन्तेय ततः प्राप्स्यसि तत्फलम् ॥ १२.१२४.७१ ॥
King Dhṛtarāṣṭra told this to his son. Son of Kuntī, do exactly this, and then you will obtain its fruit.